• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.110-120
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• 2003

As the wooden aircraft in the early times has no way to let lightning flow when lighting flash attaches during flight, the aircraft got damage, or caught fire. Though all metal airplane was developed with an advent of aluminum, a lightning accident still occurred including a fire of a fuel tanks. Eventually, NACA declared problems in 1938, and an artificial lightning test began. III succession, FAA established Airworthiness Requirements for certification. The FAA committed test measures study for the protection of an airplane from lightning to SAE. SAE presented the test current and voltage waveforms that simulating natural lightning, and it is utilized on lightning protection certification of an airplane by public. A lightning effects of an airplane through an analysis of lightning mechanism was made in this technical note. Especially, lightning direct effects on aircraft are analyzed and lightning strike zones are described.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1894-1903
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) based on motor learning applied in conjunction with physical and occupational therapy on functional activity, activities of daily living (ADLs), and quality of life in individuals with chronic stroke. Six chronic stroke patients participated for a duration of 31 weeks. Treatment outcomes were assessed via Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment, the Berg Balance Scale, the Assessment of Motor and Process Skill (AMPS), and the Stroke Impact Scale pre- and post-intervention. The participants exhibited significant improvements in impairment, static and dynamic balance, and mood and emotion after group TOCT. The results of AMPS indicated an improvement in the motor area in 3 of the subjects. In the process area, 4 of the subjects exhibited improvement. The results of this study suggest that TOCT is beneficial to physical functions for chronic hemiparetic stroke patients in community-dwelling.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

The roof surface of spatial structures is often damaged or destroyed because of its light weight roof structure and materials. Many of large scale stadiums have roof structure framed with steel truss or stay cable and wrapped or covered with membrane material Teflon, and this membrane material is easily damaged and its loss is quite serious. Through such examples, it was found that the studies on wind proof design of roofs of large space structures were not sufficiently made. This study conducted wind pressure experiment and fluid analysis in order to examine the aerodynamic characteristic of the roof shape of hyperbolic paraboloid spatial structures. Although the biggest minimum peak wind pressure coefficient was shown in the edges of the roof in the wind origin direction, it decreases with the advancement to the longitudinal direction of the roof.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.867-873
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• 2010

The failure of water-cooled generator stator windings as a result of insulation breakdown due to coolant water leaks and water absorption often occurs worldwide. Such failure can cause severe grid-related accidents as well as huge economic losses. More than 50% of domestic generators have been operated for over 15 years, and therefore, they exhibit signs of aging. Leaking and water-absorbing windings are often found during an overhaul. In an existing method for evaluating the integrity of generator stator windings, the drying process of the interior of the windings is ignored and only final leak tests are performed. In this study, it is shown that water leaks and water absorption in stator windings can be detected indirectly through vacuum pattern analysis in the vacuum drying mode, which is the used in the preparation stage of the leak test.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.877-885
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• 2017

This paper is concerned with numerical simulation of a gun-launched projectile considering a rifled gun-tube. Gun-launched conditions induce dynamic behaviors, such as high pressure and high speed rotation. A projectile and its internal electronic components may be damaged in such harsh environments. Hence, it is necessary to perform numerical simulation of a gun-launched projectile to predict its dynamic behaviors and stability. In this work, preceding research studies on gun-launched projectiles are investigated, and the simulation method is developed to rotate the projectile through between its rotating band and a rifled-gun tube. The proposed method is verified by comparison with experimental results, and the dynamic behaviors and stability of the projectile are evaluated under gun-launched conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 2011

아프리카 사하라 이남지역의 농업 정책가들은 빈농을 위한 보조금 비료가 효율적으로 배분되지 않고 있는 것을 매우 중요한 문제라 인식하고 있다. 즉 보조금 비료가 시장가격으로 비료를 구입할 수 있는 부유한 농가에게 돌아가는 등의 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 결국 빈농을 위한 보조금 비료 프로그램의 원래 목적을 크게 손상시키고 있는 셈이다. 짐바브웨 정부가 시도하고 있는 보조금 비료 프로그램은 소농을 대상으로 배분하고 있으며, 주로 빈농이 대부분인 지역을 그 대상으로 한다. 본 연구는 사하라 이남지역 일부 국가의 사례연구와 짐바브웨 농가를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 바탕으로 수행되었다. 주요 논점은 1)소농을 위한 보조금 비료가 현지 시장가격으로 구입할 수 있는 부농가로 흘러가고 있는지, 2)짐바브웨 농가들의 보조금 비료 배분 프로그램에 대한 인식은 어떠한지 등이다. 짐바브웨 카도모 지역에서 무작위로 100가구를 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하고 분석하였다. 가구당 수입과 보조금 비료의 접근과는 무관한 것으로 나타났고, 현지 시장에서 비료를 사는 것과 가구당 수입과는 유의미한 것으로 나타났다(p=0.0037). 이는 보조금 비료의 수혜자가 현지 시장에서 비료를 살 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있다는 것을 보여 주고 있다. 가구당 수입과 보조금 비료 혜택을 보지 못한 채 비료 없이 작물을 재배하는 것과의 관계를 분석한 결과 유의한 수준을 보이고 있다(p=0.040). 이는 보조금 비료의 획득에 실패했을 때 그 농가들은 결국 비료 없이 농사를 지을 것이라는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 이 프로그램에 대한 많은 농가들의 일반적인 인식은 부농이나 영향력 있는 농가가 빈농에 비해 혜택을 더 보고 있다고 생각한다. 이러한 인식을 가능케 하는 이유는 많은 농가들이 수혜자 선정 과정에 관여하지 못하기 때문에 결국 부농을 위한 프로그램이라는 의심을 가지게 된다는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 2013

Various process piping usually carries out high flammable and explosible gas under high pressure and high temperature. Due to frequent change of design and structure it becomes more complicated and compactly located. The safety management level is relatively low since it is considered as simply designed component. In this study a safety assessment procedure is proposed for complicated piping system around a mixing drum in which natural gas and by-product gases were mixed. According to ASME code, pipe stress analysis was conducted for determining design margin at some key locations of the piping. These high stress locations can be used as major inspection points for managing the pipe integrity. Sensitivity analysis with outside temperature of the pipe and support constraint condition. Possible effect of hydroen gas to the pipe steel during the previous use of the by-product gas was also discussed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2013

Purpose: The open abdomen is now the standard of care in various clinical situations, especially it is used to treat abdominal compartment syndrome. Many techniques have been reported for closure after an open abdomen, but most take a long time for complete definitive closure and are associated with various problems. We describe a technique using biologic mesh that can achieve early definitive closure after an open abdomen. Methods: A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency room with a painful hip and painful lower extremities after a fall from 80 feet. Radiologic examination revealed multiple fractures of the pelvis and low extremities. Abdominal compartment syndrome caused by a retroperitoneal hematoma developed during the orthopedic surgery. We performed exploration immediately and closed abdomen temporarily. A peritoneal graft of porcine dermal collagen with anterior myofascial approximation of the rectus abdominis muscles and sliding skin flap was performed three days after the previous surgery. Results: There were no complications related to the wound. The patient was transferred to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery seven days after the initial surgery. Conclusion: Early definitive closure using porcine dermal collagen is a feasible method that can reduce the length of hospitalization and the number of operations for an open abdomen.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.103-113
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• 2009

Quick accident spot reaching of 119ERU is the most important role in decrease of accident depth. If 4 minutes of wounded person pass after cardiac arrest, brain damage is begun. and If 10 minutes of wounded person pass after cardiac arrest, possibility to die rises. Accordingly, when establish 119ERU, need to consider travel time to traffic accidents spot. This treatise groped a facility location problem using SCLM and minisum location problem mutually. And existent minisum location problem has a problem that maximum travel time exceed $\lambda$. ERU to need in present situation and also can reduce average travel time. so this treatise propose modified minisum location problem. In case applying modified minisum location theory, 119ERU can arrive all demand and that is optimized about demand and travel time. Can minimise figure of 119 first aids to need in present situation applying this way, and also can reduce average passing time. Finally, this way can minimise figure of 119ERU to need in present situation and also can reduce average travel time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2018

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder that causes hyperammonemic crisis. CPS1 is the first enzyme encoded by the CPS1 gene, which catalyzes the first step of the urea cycle. In CPS1 deficiency, ammonia, the toxic metabolite produced by the interruption of the urea cycle, is accumulated in the blood and brain, leading to hyperammonemic encephalopathy and irreversible brain damage. Here, we report a fatal case of neonatal-onset CPS1 deficiency in a 4-day-old girl presenting with recurrent seizures, who was revealed to be homozygous for c.1529delG ($p.Gly510Alafs^*5$).