• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.8 no.8
• /
• pp.1069-1079
• /
• 2005

Though there have been many methods to detect features in spatial domain, in the case of a compressed image it has to be decoded, processed and encoded again. Alternatively, we can manipulate a compressed image directly in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain that has been used for compressing videos or images in the standards like MPEG and JPEG. In our previous work we proposed a model-based discontinuity evaluation technique in the DCT domain that had problems in the rotated or non-ideal discontinuities. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy filtering technique that consists of height fuzzification, direction fuzzification, and forty filtering of discontinuities. The enhancement achieved by the fuzzy tittering includes the linking, thinning, and smoothing of discontinuities in the DCT domain. Although the detected discontinuities are rough in a low-resolution image for the size (8${\times}$8 pixels) of the DCT block, experimental results show that this technique is fast and stable to enhance the qualify of discontinuities.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 1993

Fresh fungi were collected during five field trips to Ullung Island from October of 1989 to September of 1991. Through the observation of some agaric fungi, thirty mushrooms were identified to the species and are listed as below. Among them, three species, Crepidotus geophilus, Mycena elegans, ana Mycena carolinensis were confirmed new to Korea and are registered here with descriptions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.164-175
• /
• 2009

The flora of the vascular plant in Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok was listed as 689 taxa; 95 families, 332 genus, 600 species, 93 varieties and 5 forms. Based on the list of rare plants by Korea Forest Service and Korea Forest Research Institute, 16 taxa were recorded. And endangered plant was recorded by 1 taxa, Iris koreana var. albiflora. Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 44 taxa were recorded. According to the specific plant species by classes, class I has 51 taxa, class II has 33 taxa, class III has 28 taxa, class IV has 12 taxa. In class V, we found Houttuynia cordata, but the species was considered to be worthless because it was planted as an ornamental plant in the area. Naturalized plant species were listed as 27 taxa; 99 families, 22 genus, 26 species, 1 varieties. And naturalization index was 3.9%.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.107
• /
• pp.137-148
• /
• 2004

Based on the Merritt-Cummins system, the Korean immature aquatic and semiaquatic insects were reviewed and categorized into 6 different functional feeding groups (FFG) at the generic levels (257 genera belonging to 96 families, 10 orders),Among 257 genera, the most abundant FFG was the predator type consisting of 122(47%) genera. The second and third major groups were gathering-collectors (33genera, 13%) and shredders (21, 8%), respectively. Next group was occupied by scrapers (20,7%), and followed by filtering-collectors (12,5%) and plant-piercers (6, 2%). In addition, a total of 43 genera in 7 orders were remained as uncategorized groups. Both relative degrees of resistance and resilience of each genus were also analyzed to evaluate the role of each FFG in maintaining community stability. The results elucidated that the gathering-collectors and the scrapers could play a role as a pioneer group and a functional mediator in the community, respectively. The results also indicated that the practical use of relative resistance and resilience degrees could be applied to conduct comprehensive studies in stream ecosystems.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 1970

An attempt has been made to do interpretation of the fast neutron dose with two threshold detectors incorporated with the Harwell criticality locket. This method is based on the assumption that the spectral distribution of fission neutrons in criticality accidents may be governed by one spectral parameter. The surface-absorbed dose for a unit fission neutron fluence seems to be insensitive to spectral shifts of the fission neutron spectrum. The average cross-sections for the activation detectors, however, are considerably changed with the neutron spectral shape, which may lead to a large error in calculating the dose from the reaction rate if one uses a fixed value for the average cross sections regardless of the neutron spectral distribution. Besides, the doses calculated from three representative formulae for fission neutron spectra have been compared : these formulae are Watt, Cranberg at al. and Maxwellian forms. The results obtained front the Maxwellian formula show a departure from the Watt and Cranberg's, both being similarly close.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2006

Description of spore morphology of Korean Polypodiaceae has on LM and SEM and key to the genera are provided. Korean Polypodiaceae monad, monolete with bilateral symmetry, bipolar and oblete spore except for Loxogramme grammitoides having trilete spore with radial symmetry. In spore wall structure, exopore showed variable patterns enough to distinguish genera. Perispore was found in all the species examined. The patternof perispore and exospore was most similar in all the species examined except Crypsinus, Pyrrosia hastata ans P. linearifolia. The perispores of Crypsinus, Pyrrosia hastata and P. linearifolia were echinate and gemmate, rugulate, and verrucate respectively. In term of exospore wall sculpturing, Polypodium and Loxogramme showed fossulate, Lepisorus, rugulate with irregular verrucate, Crypsinus ans Coloysis showed psilate or rarely verrucate in the latter, Neocheiropteris ensata showed dense small verrucate, Lemmaphyllum microphyllum showed complex reticulate and Pyrrosia showed verrucate or psilate.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.359-363
• /
• 2019

Meju is a spontaneously fermented soybean product produced in Korea. We isolated the bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus from 12 meju samples collected from five regions of Korea using selective media, and we identified them based on the sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA and gmk (guanylate kinase) genes. Bacillus and Enterococcus strains were identified from all samples and the numbers of Bacillus strains in the 11 samples were >15% of the total cell number. Therefore, the genus Bacillus was confirmed as the predominant bacterial group of meju. Staphylococcus strains were identified from six samples. The identified 151 Bacillus isolates predominated in the following order: B. velezensis, B. sonorensis, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis. Among the 165 Enterococcus isolates, 163 strains were identified as E. faecium. Eighty-two Staphylococcus isolates were classified into six species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus group and S. xylosus was the predominant species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.35-35
• /
• 2019

현호색속은 양귀비과에 속하는 분류군으로서 전 세계에 약 450분류군이 분포하며 한국에는 25분류군이 분포한다. 20분류군의 한국산 현호색속 식물을 대상으로 화부 형태, 밀선의 형태, 밀선의 부착 위치를 비교 분석하였다. 현호색속 식물의 꽃은 좌우대칭하며 외화판의 거(spur)에 위치한 밀선을 갖는데 밀선의 위치, 형태 등은 현호색속의 분류체계를 반영하는 중요한 형질로 판단된다. 관찰결과 현호색절과 가는괴불주머니절의 밀선은 거(spur)의 1/3~2/3 정도 까지 신장되며 신장부는 매우 가늘지만 선단부에서는 다소 부푼 후 뾰족해지고 아래쪽으로 굽으며 분비조직이 위치하고 있는 부분은 녹색, 신장부는 횐색을 띠었다. 들현호색절에서는 거(spur)의 중간 정도에 위치한다. 기부는 두껍고 화색과 같은색을 띠지만 끝부분은 가늘고 굽지 않으며 흰색을 띤다. 자주괴불주머니절의 밀선은 거의 신장되지 않고 주걱형이며 노란색을 띠었다. 산괴불주머니절에서는 거(spur)의 3/4까지 신장되며 선단부는 뾰족하고 녹색을 띠며 아래로 굽는다. 밀선의 형태는 거(spur)의 형태와 관련이 있다. 거(spur)가 주머니처럼 부푸는 절에서 밀선분비조직의 뚜렷한 발달이 관찰되고 거(spur) 안에 분비된 화밀을 저장한다. 비록 현호색절과 산괴불주머니절이 서로 밀접한 계통을 갖지는 않지만 이들이 공유하는 밀선의 형태는 거(spur) 형태의 유사성에서 기인한 것으로 보인다. 한국산 현호색속 밀선의 형질진화 분석을 위하여 mesquite을 이용하여 ancestral reconstruction를 수행하였다. 밀선의 형질진화는 한국산 현호색속 5절의 계통진화를 반영하였다. 현호색속의 화부형질은 매우 복잡하고 다양한 방향으로 진화한 것으로 보이며 이를 이해하기 위해서는 다양한 화부형질의 종합적인 검토가 필요하다. 이번 연구에서 확인된 화부구조와 분비조직의 형질은 현호색속의 계통진화를 잘 반영하고 있었으며 향후 분비조직의 해부형질, 미세형질 등의 추가연구를 통하여 현호색속의 계통연구를 위한 새로운 분류학적 가치를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.61-83
• /
• 1997

The flora of evergreen broad-leaved forest regions in the islands off the south & east seashore was undertaken three times between August to October, 1995. The total number of vascular plants surveyed in the studied areas were summarized as 434 taxa; 105 families 297 genera 380 species 49 varieties 1 subspecies and 4 formas. The vascular plants were classified as 56 taxa 32 families 53 genera 50 species 6 varieties in Mokdo, 92 taxa 47 families 80 genera 81 species 9 varieties and 2 forms in Mijo-ri, 68 taxa 47 families 65 genera 58 species 9 varieties and 1 forms in Mijodo, 57 taxa 39 families 52 genera 53 species 4 varieties in Kkamakseom, 124 taxa 59 families 105 genera 112 species 11 varieties 1 subspecies in Aedo, 90 taxa 46 families 75 genera 83 species 7 varieties in Sayangdo, 135 taxa 63 families 111 genera 147 species 13 varieties in Kumodo, 78 taxa 40 families 67 genera 69 species 9 varieties in Chudo, 142 taxa 67 families 113 genera 120 species 20 varieties and 2 forms in Mira-ri, 184 taxa 73 families 150 genera 160 species 24 varieties 1 subspecies in Maengseon-ni, and 196 taxa 79 families 156 genera 172 species 24 varieties 1 subspecies and 1 forms in Yesong-ni. Conservation measures of evergreen broad-leaved forests in the areas, at both the habitat and species levels, are urgently needed to mitigate against destructive human activities, such as unreasonable management and trampling.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.371-388
• /
• 2008

Phylogenetic studies were conducted for 35 populations of the subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae) based on waxy gene of nuclear DNA and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region of chloroplast DNA. Waxy data analysis suggest that Coryloideae is monophyletic; Corylus is monophyletic and basally branching within the subfamily Coryloideae; Ostryopsis is sister to the Carpinus and Ostrya clade, and the Ostrya is monophyletic (BS=86, PP=99). AtpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region analysis shows that Ostryopsis appeared as the most basal clade within the Coryloideae; Corylus is monophyletic(BS=98, PP=100) and placed between Carpinus-Ostrya and Ostryopsis clade; Carpinus and Ostrya formed a clade with a high support value(BS=100, PP=100). Carpinus sect. Carpinus is monophyletic, whereas sect. Distegocarpus is paraphyletic in the waxy tree. Corylus formed two subclades, but discordance at the infrageneric classification based on morphological characters. In the atpB-rbcL tree, Carpinus and Corylus taxa form a polytomy within the each clade. Results from the two data sets differ mainly in the relative position of Ostryopsis, the monophyly of Ostrya, and the relationships within the Carpinus-Ostrya clade. Further studies are needed for clarify the taxonomic position and the generic limitation.