• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system, bi-direction power trading technology, enables drivers possessing electric vehicle to sell the spare electricity charged in the vehicle to power distribution company. The drivers gain profit by charging electricity in the day time of high electricity rate. In this regard, the government is preparing the policies of building and supporting V2G infrastructure and demanding the potential consumers' preference for the V2G system. This paper attempts to analyze the consumers' preference using the data from obtained a survey of randomly selected 1,000 individuals. To this end, choice experiment, an economic technique, is employed here. The attributes considered in the study are residual amount of electricity, electricity trading hours, required plug-in time, and price measured as an amount additional to current gasoline vehicle price. The multinomial logit model, which requires the assumption of 'independence of irrelevant alternatives', is applied but the assumption could not be satisfied in our data. Thus, we finally utilized nested logit model which does not require the assumption. All the parameter estimates in the utility function are statistically significant at the 10% level. The estimation results show that the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for one hour increase in electricity trading hours is estimated to be KRW 1,601,057. On the other hand, a one percent reduction in residual amount of electricity and one hour reduction in required plug-in time in V2G system are computed to be KRW -91,911 and -470,619, respectively. The findings can provide policy makers with useful information for decision-making about introducing and managing V2G system.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.11-26
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• 2021

With the increasing demand for office space, there have been questions on how office rent distribution produces a change in the urban spatial structure in Seoul. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a relative price gradient and to present a time-series model that can quantitatively explain the dynamic changes in the urban spatial structure. The analysis was dealt with office rent above 3,306 m² for the past 10 years from 1Q 2010 to 4Q 2019 within Seoul. A modified repeat sales model was employed. The main findings are briefly summarized as follows. First, according to the estimates of the office price gradient in the three major urban centers of Seoul, the CBD remained at a certain level with little change, while those in the GBD and the YBD continued to increase. This result reveals that the urban form of Seoul has shifted from monocentric to polycentric. This shows that the spatial distribution of companies has gradually accelerated decentralized concentration implying that the business networks have become significant. Second, contrary to small and medium-sized office buildings that have undertaken no change in the gradient, large office buildings have seen an increase in the gradient. The relative price gradients in small and medium-sized buildings were inversely proportional among the CBD, the GBD, and the YBD, implying their heterogeneous submarkets by office rent movements. Presumably, those differences in the submarkets were attributed to investment attraction, industrial competition, and the credit and preference of tenants. The findings are consistent with the hierarchical system identified in the Seoul 2030 Plan as well as the literature about Seoul's urban form. This research claims that the proposed method, based on the modified repeat sales model, is useful in understanding temporal dynamic changes. Moreover, the findings can provide implications for urban growth strategies under rapidly changing market conditions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2011

A franchise can be said to be the main method of distribution and marketing. It appears to be the future of the retail industry and is one of the world's fastest growing businesses sectors, as many policy reports and research results have acknowledged. Korea's franchise industry began in the 1970s, spread out into many areas (including food services, retail, and the service industry), and has grown by over 10% each year ever since. The industry's influence on the national economy becomes ever greater. Although the size of the franchise industry is expected to grow as it spreads and as the government expands its support, it has not yet attracted much academic interest. Research has so far been very fragmented. The main interest has been the relationship and conflicts between the head offices and the affiliates. No study has yet occurred on whether the concepts of satisfaction and intent to conclude a contract directly affect the success or failure of the affiliates. Few studies have empirically inquired into the demographic characteristics and abilities of the affiliates that significantly affect their results. Domestic franchise industries must prepare to leap from quantitative to qualitative growth. Most important is the need for affiliate headquarters and affiliates to build confidence between them. A friendly and reliable relationship between affiliate headquarters and affiliates will eliminate distrust from the franchise and maintain a healthy franchise system. This study suggests that current and prospective heads of affiliation should concentrate not on attracting affiliates but on investment and techniques of affiliate support. They should work on the reinforcement of brand power, the appropriate affiliate business environment, systematic education/training, taking burdens off the affiliate business persons, consolidating the relationship with the affiliate business persons, marketing mix factors (e.g. products, price conditions, logistics and shipping services, promotion, supervising and supervisor, operation procedures/processes, and material evidence); these all greatly affect the success or failure of the affiliate business. Supporting the affiliates is an important factor that enhances their results and satisfaction and consequently increases the positive recommendations to others and the ratio of recurrent conclusions of contracts, which ultimately generate the growth of the franchises. In addition, it is suggested that prospective franchise founders should make every effort to choose a good head office since the characteristics of the head office greatly influence the success of the affiliates. This study is significant in that it grasps the characteristics of the head office of affiliation and of the affiliates that influence affiliate results in ways not yet academically attempted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1851-1856
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• 2006

영화는 대표적인 경험재로 가치판단이 주관적이고 제품 수명주기가 매우 짧아 예측의 불확실성이 높기 때문에 이를 정량적인 방법으로 모형화하기는 쉽지 않다. 이러한 한계점에도 불구하고 한 영화의 상업적 성공을 예측하는 것은 영화 제작자나 배급사, 극장 등 모든 주체에게 수익과 직결되는 중요한 문제이기 때문에 지금까지 다양한 통계 모형이 제시되었다. 그러나 이들 모형의 대부분은 영화흥행에는 영향을 미치나 측정할 수 없는 효과를 반영하지 못한다거나, 추정 모수의 효과가 모든 영화에 대해서 같다는 동일성 가정으로 인해 영화간 이질성을 고려하지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 추정 모수의 사전분포를 모호사전분포로 정의함으로써 변수들의 불확실성을 반영할 수 있고, 영화간 이질성을 고려할 수 있는 베이지안 선택 모형을 제안하였다. 모수의 사후분포는 마코프체인 몬테카를로 기법인 깁스 샘플러를 이용하여 추정하였다. 또한, 감독, 배우, 장르 등의 영화 별 속성 변수뿐만 아니라, 입소문에 의한 영화관람 결정 등의 구전효과와 경쟁영화의 개봉으로 인한 효과를 반영할 수 있는 변수를 추가하여 모형의 정확성을 높였다. 2005년과 2006년 상반기에 상영된 영화를 바탕으로 모형을 구축하고 인공신경망 모형과 비교한 결과, 전체적인 예측 정확도에서는 인공신경망 모형과 비슷한 결과를 보이나 상업적으로 성공한 영화를 예측하는 데에는 베이지안 선택모형이 보다 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 개봉 주의 경쟁심화 정도 및 개봉 첫 주의 스크린 수 등이 영화 흥행에 가장 중요한 변수로 나타났으며, 영화 개봉 전 그 영화에 대한 기대치가 높을수록 흥행 성적 또한 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 배우의 힘 및 계절성, 영화 평점 등은 이질성을 고려하지 않은 전체수준에서는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났으나, 그룹 간 이질성을 반영한 모형에서는 어느 정도 흥행한 영화를 만들기 위해서는 고려되어야 할 요소로 나타났다.렇지 않을 경우 적절한 벤치마킹 대상을 도출할 때까지 추가적인 분석과정을 반복한다. 제안한 방법을 통하여 조직은 기술적 생산 가능성 외에도 다양한 조직 운영 관점에서 적절한 벤치마킹 대상을 선정할 수 있으며, 이에 따른 목표를 수립할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 또한 더 나아가 global efficiency 관점에서 효율적 조직이 되기 위하여 단계적인 벤치마킹 대상 선정과 이에 따른 목표를 수립하는데도 유용하리라 판단된다.$1.20{\pm}0.37L$, 72시간에 $1.33{\pm}0.33L$로 유의한 차이를 보였으므로(F=6.153, P=0.004), 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 4) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 노력성 폐활량은 수술 후 72시간에서 실험군이 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$, 대조군이 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.620, P=0.013). 5) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의 술 후 폐환기능에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별로 나타났다. 이에 따른 폐환기능의 차이를 보면, 실험군의 술 후 노력성 폐활량이 48시간에 남자($1.78{\pm}0.61L$)가 여자($1.27{\pm}0.45L$)보다 더 높게 나타났으며 (t=2.170, P=0.042), 72시간에도 역시 남자($2.16{\pm}0.56L$)가 여자($1.50{\pm}0.47L$)보다 더

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.551-559
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• 2005

The Q&A service of the official Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) webpage was installed in 2000 and have been actively used since then. In this paper, we analyze the questions asked through the Q&A service and the number of inquiries with the aid of statistical methods. We also study the contents of the questions. Specifically, we have created statistics of questions and inquiries that go monthly and yearly, and have developed categories to analyze the characteristics of questions in regards to their cognitive aspects. Each question is categorized into two elements based on their recognitive aspect: science knowledge or science study. Each element also has sub-categories that help readers understand the characteristics of the questions. For the analysis, we used a sample consisted of questions from July to December, 2004. Through this study, we achieved a better understanding of the questions asked by the Q&A service. We are planning to improve the quality of the Q&A service by extending the size of the FAQ(frequently asked questions). Throughout this study, we find that the number of questions are increasing with time, and the overall quality of the questions is improving. As we expect the number of people using our Q&A service to increase and the questions to get more difficult to answer, development of improved content is required.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.23-42
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• 2005

세계 각 국은 자국의 이익을 보장하기 위해 방위산업의 기반을 강화하고 있고 갈수록 첨단무기체계를 도입 및 개발하고 있는 추세이다. 왜냐하면 방위산업은 평화와 군비경쟁이 공존하는 '균형속의 대결' 양상을 보이는 환경에서 자국의 생존을 위한 중요한 변수이기 때문이다. 한국의 방위산업도 1970년대 이후 괄목할 만한 성장을 이루었으나 구조적인 문제점을 탈피하지 못하였고 이제는 한계점에 도달하였다. 많은 방위산업 분야 전문가들은 현 시점에서 한국 방위산업의 발전과 활성화를 위한 방안들을 제시하였고, 정부에서도 자주국방의 기치 아래 다양한 개혁과 정책을 추구하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 전문가 제시 내용과 연구 논문들은 방위산업의 대해 제한적으로 정성적인 분석과 대안제시에 국한되어 있는 수준이고 시스템 사고를 통해 인과관계를 분석하여 정책적인 대안을 제시하는 부분이 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구 논문에서는 방위산업의 전반적ㅇ.ㄴ 핵심요인을 식별하고 각 요인들간의 인과관계를 분석하여 한국 방위산업의 인과지도를 제시하였고 이를 통해 구조적인 문제점들을 해결하여 21세기 협력적 자주국방이 가능하도록 정책적인 대안을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 향후 복잡성이 가속화되는 방위산업에서 시스템적 사고를 이해하는데 기여가 될 것이고, 정책을 결정하고 추진하는 의사결정자와 무기체계 획득업무를 담당하는 실무자들에게 반드시 시스템적인 사고에 바탕을 둔 피드백 로프를 고려해야 한다는 것을 인식시킬 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 한국 방위산업의 활성화와 발전에 기여하리라 믿는다.정보통신산업을 미시적 분석이나 세부 항목별 정량적 분석을 통해서가 아니라 산업의 발전 속성 및 경기 순환 등의 관점에서 분석함으로써 정보통신산업 정책의 수립 및 집행을 거시적 안목 하에 정립할 수 있게 한다는 데 의의를 가진다. 또한 경제변수를 묘사하는데 있어 국면전환 확산과정을 사용함으로써 향후 실물옵션 등을 통한 기술 및 무형자산의 가치평가에 있어 기초자산의 움직임을 보다 정확히 포착해 낼 수 있는 프로세스를 제공하였다는데 또 다른 의의를 갖는다고 하겠다. 수 있다. 따라서 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배의 조화는 바로 노동효율 증가형 기순혁신이며, 이를 위한 인적자본에의 투자라고 말할 수 있다. 본 연구가 기술경제 패러다임(techno-economic paradigm)의 시각에서 제시하는 한국경제의 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배를 위한 정책방향은 다음과 같은 동태적발전과정으로 요약할 수 있다 : 기초과학연구능력 확충 ${\rightarrow}$ 소화 ${\cdot}$ 흡수 ${\cdot}$ 개량 ${\rightarrow}$ 토착화 능력의 배양 ${\rightarrow}$ 자체기술개발, 선진기술 도입, 산업간 및 산업내 기술확산, 국제기술협력 ${\rightarrow}$ 기술혁신의 촉진 ${\rightarro

• CRM연구
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-70
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• 2009

Understanding consumer behavior based on the analysis of the customer data is one essential part of analytic CRM. To do this, the analytic skills for data extraction and data processing are required to users. As a user has various kinds of questions for the consumer data analysis, the user should use database language such as SQL. However, for the firm's user, to generate SQL statements is not easy because the accuracy of the query result is hugely influenced by the knowledge of work-site operation and the firm's database. This paper proposes a natural language based database search framework finding relevant database elements. Specifically, we describe how our TableRank method can understand the user's natural query language and provide proper relations and attributes of data records to the user. Through several experiments, it is supported that the TableRank provides accurate database elements related to the user's natural query. We also show that the close distance among relations in the database represents the high data connectivity which guarantees matching with a search query from a user.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.137-153
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• 2003

Comparison shopping is the most popular functionality in the e-Marketplace. Most of their revenue has been generated kent the Internet advertisement, but the ad earning was declined as the ad costing per action method widespread. Seller less familiar to the customer shrinks from chances for advertising and exposing their products. So, we need an efficient methodology subject to the seller's ad budget and other constraints, and it also has to increase comparison broker's earning in the e-Marketplace. Our research proposed and developed an ad planning methodology using comparison challenge approach which can be applied by 3$^{rd}$ party comparison brokers. Comparison challenge planning is organized with challenge policy of competitor level, product level and specification level. With that policies and basic challenge propositions, we measure the quantified value of functional distance between the specifications of my product and competitor's product. My product challenges the comparison using the comparative ad format to the similar but inferior competitor's product based on quantified valuation. Comparison challenge planning system has two phases of comparative value generation and optimization. We developed a prototype system and applied it to the desktop PC market of five major manufacturers. Our performance was emphasized by comparing to other comparative ad methods such as random display method and minimum distance method..

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2011

Ecotourism is an alternative tourism which can be defined as responsible tourism in natural areas. This study deals with changing the tourists' environmental attitudes of ecotourism activities based on the elaboration likelihood model(ELM). The surveys were conducted based on the same participants to clearly measure the differences of environmental attitudes between pre and post-participation ecotourism activities. A total of 183 samples were collected in Upo Wetlands. The results showed that there were significant differences in the tourists' environmental attitudes between pre and post-participation ecotourism activities. This indicates that ecotourism participants delicately reinforce their eco-friendly attitudes through various ecotourism experiences and educational programs. The most significant finding is that anti-environmental behavior can be relieved with eco-friendliness through participation in ecotourism.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.213-225
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• 2018

Objective: Research on children's death concepts requires an approach considering social and cultural context. A qualitative method is necessary to explore children's cognitive process of understanding death. Thus, this study, to overcome the limitations of the quantitative approach based on the deductive logic led by adult researchers, adopted a qualitative research method. Methods: The data collection, referring to the theories of Corr and Balk (2010) and Smilansky (1987), used Death Concept Questionnaire. Each structured question was followed by open follow-up questions to explore how children understood each concept of death. Results: The results showed that participant children were still lacking in the acquisition of death sub-concepts. The qualitative result from open interview showed how children can and can not acquire the concepts of death. Conclusion/Implications: The study could be used in future development of death education programs for children. Based on the results of this research, it is necessary to develop programs for children's death education, which would help them coping with death related anxiety and loss experiences.