• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2003

The removal yield of dissolved organic matter in drinking water by biological activated carbon (BAC) process was investigated. The tested processes wer raw water-AC process (BAC1), raw water-ozonation-BAC process (BAC2), and raw water-ozonation-coagulation/sedimentation-BAC process (BAC3). The amounts of organic matter was measured as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ulta-violet radiation at 254 nm wavelength ($UV_{254}$), total nitrogen (T-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH_3$-N), and total phosphate (T-P). As a results, 30.7% DOC was removed by BAC2 process, which showed higher removal efficiency than BAC1 or BAC3 processes. The removal yield of $UV_{254}$ in BAC1, BAC2, and BAC3 processes were observed as 45.3%, 44.6%, 58.4%, respectively. And the removal yield of ammonia nitrogen were 66%, 81%, 29% in each BAC processes. The optimal empty bed contact time (EBCT) of BAC processes was estimated as 10 minute. This study has shown that BAC process combined with ozone treatment was efficient for removing dissolved organic matter in water.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.211-220
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• 2022

Poultry are exposed to extremely high levels of oxidative stress as a consequence of the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by endogenous and exogenous stressors, such as high-stocking densities, thermal stress, environmental and feed contamination, along with factors associated with intensive breeding systems. Oxidative stress promotes lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inflammation, which can have detrimental effects on the health of birds. During the course of evolution, birds have developed antioxidant defense mechanisms that contribute to maintaining homeostasis when exposed to endogenous and exogenous stressors. The primary antioxidant defense systems are enzymatic and non-enzymatic in nature and play roles in protecting cells from ROS attack. Recently, plant flavonoids, which have been established to reduce oxidative stress, have been attracting considerable attention as potential feed additives. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds that can be stabilized by binding structural compounds with ROS, and can promote the elimination of ROS by inducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. However, although flavonoids can contribute to reducing lipid peroxidation and thereby enhance the antioxidant capacity of birds, they have low solubility in the gastrointestinal tract, and consequently, it is necessary to develop a delivery technology that can facilitate the effect intestinal absorption of these compounds. Furthermore, it is important to determine the dietary levels of flavonoids by assessing the exact antioxidant effects in the gastrointestinal tract wherein the concentrations of dietary flavonoids are highest. It is also necessary to examine the expression of transcriptional factors and vitagenes associated with the efficient antioxidant effects induced by flavonoids. It is anticipated that the application of flavonoids as natural antioxidants will become a particularly important field in the poultry industry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1991

This research was conducted to investigate the treatment effects of the experimental product of an oxidatively treated animal wastes such as feces of cow and pig on the growth and yield of corn, soil fertility parameters, nutrient uptake by corn, and in situ dry matter digestibility. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Growth of corn was favored by treatment of the experimental products as compared to the control. Highest yields were obtained at treatment levels of 2,000 and 2,500kg/10a for the experimental products derived from cow and pig feces, respectively. (2) The contents of soil organic matter were increased 7-41% and 4-60% with treatments of experimental products from cow and pig feces, respectively, as compared to the control. The available soil phosphorus levels were increased significantly with the treatments. Treatment of product from the cow feces resulted in a slight increase of the potassium adsorption ratio (KAR). (3) No significant difference was observed in uptake of total nitrogen and phosphorus between the treatments and the control. Uptake of cation by corn was in the order of $K_2O$ >CaO>MgO. (4) In situ dry matter digestibility ratio was increased with Incubation time. However, no significant difference in digestibility was detected for the corn samples produced by treating different levels of the experimental products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.816-828
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• 1995

During the industrial preparation and the storage of foods, the side chain of some protein-bound amino acids can react chemically each other or with other molecules present in the food. The following reactions have been described : destruction of amino acids, racemization, protein-protein interactions, reactions of proteins with reducing sugars, oxidizing agents, or polyphenols. Apart from total destruction, the main reacitons are the forming of Maillard reactions products(e.g. fructoselysine) and the crosslinking with other amino acids in the same or in another protein molecule(e.g. lysinoalanine). The most often involved amino acid is lysine because of its free functional ${\varepsilon}-amino$ acid group. Generally derivatives of amino acids or crosslinks in polypeptides influence the bioavailability and the overall digestibility of the protein. This work reviews the technological, analytical, nutritional, and physiological problems related to the formation of fructoselysine and lysinolalnine in human foods, and evaluates the possible health risk for humans. A summary of the available information is of help in considering whether or not the presence of fructoselysine/lysinoalanine in foods represents a danger to man. The reduction in protein quality through these reactions is not a problem for the general population, but it is extremely important in infant foods, since infants are often nourished with a limited number of food product(e.g. formular foods) which are sensitive to the Mailard reaction.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

To clarify functionality of depolymerized alginate obtained by hydrolysis of alginate through a heating process at $121^{\circ}C$ on gastrointestinal physiology, the effects of a depolymerized alginate on fecal microflora and the intestinal environment were studied in rats. Rats were fed with diets containing 1, 5 and $10\%$ of each depolymerized alginate (HAG-10, HAG-50 and HAG-100) and alginate for 35 days, Among 20 species of authentic intestinal bacteria, Bacteroides ovatus showed the abilities to ferment HAG-10 HAG-50, HAG-100 and alginate, The 1, 5 and $10\%$ of HAG-50 and $1\%$ of alginate diets resulted in the increased ratio of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus to total bacteria, while the 5 and $10\%$ alginate diets decreased in feces of rats, significantly (p<0.01). These results suggested that $5\%$ HAG-50 diets contribute to an improvement of intestinal microflora in rats.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 1987

In the previous report, we isolated and purified one of tendering enzyme 'ficin' from fig latex. In this study, various crude ficin concentrations and reaction time were employed to investigate the contents of free amino acids and other free nitrogen compounds after the treated with beef round muscle. 1. Free amino acids contents increased with the increase of temperature and time during the aging of beef at $1^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$, and the increasing rate was remarkably high when fresh beef was treated with ficin. In the case of ficin treatment after various cooking, steaming showed the highest increase in free amino acid contents among three cooking methods such as boiling, steaming and pan broiling. The increased amounts of free amino acids in three groups-aging beef at $1^{\circ}C$ for 3 days, fresh beef treated with ficin(0.1%, 2hrs) and beef treated with ficin(0.1%, 2hrs) after cooking were 13%, 293% and 137% respectively. In contrast to aging group, the amount of free amino acids in other two groups treated with ficin was superiorly increased. 2. The amounts of total free nitrogen, free non-protein nitrogen and $NH_3-nitrogen$ increased with the increase of temperature and time during the aging of beef at $1^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$, and the increasing rate was remarkably high in fresh beef treated with ficin. In the case of ficin treatment after cooking, steaming gave larger amount of total and non-protein nitrogen than other two cooking, e.g. boiling and panbroiling. The increasing rate of nonprotein nitrogen to the total nitrogen of fresh beef treated with ficin(0.1%, 2hrs) was 75 times greater than that of aging fresh beef at $1^{\circ}C$ for 3 days.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.533-541
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• 2015

We investigate the Japan's Master Plan of Comprehensive Sewerage System (JMPS) and Lake Biwa basin sewerage and suggest future development direction of the Watershed Sewerage System Maintenance Plan in Korea enforced on February 2, 2013. The JMPS is designed for compliance with the environmental standard for water quality under the Environmental Policy Act. The effluent standards applied in the master plan of Lake Biwa's Sewerage Plan for the Lake Biwa is tougher than the national standards. Therefore the Lake Biwa Baisn Sewerage System was the first in Japan to adopt facilities that perform advanced treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. BOD, SS, T-N and T-P concentrations of discharge water of sewage are 0.9, 0.6, 5.5, 0.06 mg/L, respectively. Especially removal efficiency for BOD is 99.5 percent. It is necessary to study the diversification of the evaluation criteria, cost minimization approach, subsidy system improvement, economic concept of discharge load adjustment system and establishment of basin sewerage concept for the development of the basin sewerage plan in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.895-901
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• 2007

Currently the advancement of the computer and the Internet sees the direction of studying freely to do, it does not receive not to be, the student the environment it will be able to study oneself it is doing the direct help of the teacher and to be possible. Plan and it embodied the high school information society which it follows in 7th curriculum and the WBI of computer subject from the dissertation which it sees. In order to improve the qualify of curriculum ultimately, it endeavored. Territory it analyzes a subject contents first, especially it surveys, foundation it hardens, the actual training semester and pure with studying of self-evaluation do to become accomplished, studying oneself to sleep the possibility of doing own lead studying which is the possibility of studying spontaneously and integrated textbook studying in same tine it does to be with they are composing of the education paradigm the flag for a problem solving ability and an originality accident. In this dissertation used the php, Apache web server and the DBMS used the MySQL. To program member joining, the information society and computer curriculum take a course and test, it questions and, it is composed to data mourge. After taking a course, simultaneously lecturing a paper and online instruction, set up a foundation and quering that gratify one's curiosity thus it will be able to digest a study in once.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1225-1232
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• 2000

This study was carried out to define the effect of electron beam irradiation on the physico-chemical characteristics of sewage sludges. The experimental evidence showed that both pH and alkalinity of irradiated sludge were generally increased as the dose of irradiation increased. It was found that the soluble protein concentration (SPC) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) from the sludge right after electron beam irradiation at 3kGy(kilo-joule/kg) increased 2.2 times and 10 times respectively more than those sludges without electron beam treatment. This highly solubilized organics could be resulted in a good soluble substrate for the subsequent anaerobic digestion process. The specific resistance of filtration (SRF) tests showed that sludge dewaterability under electron beam irradiation at 6kGy was found to be 8.8 times higher than that of unirradiated sludge. The sludge dewaterability seemed to be directly related to the dosage of electron beam irradiation up to 10kGy. However, the efficiency of sludge dewaterability tended to be smaller with higher applied irradiation dose. In comparing treatments by different inorganic chemical conditioner with irradiated and unirradiated sludges, it appeared that the dewaterability with irradiated sludge was approximately 4-10 times better that that of unirradiated sludge. Even electron beam treatment itself could replace the result from the sludge conditioned with inorganic chemical coagulants.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2008

Rifampin is one of the first line drugs for treating tuberculosis, but it might be associated with serious adverse effects, including renal failure. We report here on a case of a 57-year-old patient who developed Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura during antituberculosis therapy that included rifampin. The patient converted to negative on the AFB smear for tuberculosis two weeks after the initial administration of antituberculosis medication. After treatment for 60 days, this patient was diagnosed with Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura by the purpura lesion on the lower legs, the leukocytoclastic vasculitis, the renal impairment and the pathological examination. After stopping rifampin, the skin lesions disappeared in about 10 days and his renal function gradually improved. This case study showed that Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura can be caused by rifampin during antituberculosis therapy and we recommend that the use of rifampin should be restrained when clinical symptoms of Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura are observed.