• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

In an attempt to elucidate the anti-inflammatory action of ginseng total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol, the anti-inflammatory activity of three compounds was investigated under various acute and chronic inflammatory models. The blood vessel permeability was slightly inhibited by total saponin and protopanaxatriol treatments. Granuloma formation induced by 2% carrageenan was inhibited by total saponin and protopanaxatriol. The cotton-pellet granuloma formation was significantly inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of total saponin. Total saponin and protopanaxadiol inhibited leukocyte emigration and protein exudation in CMC-induced pouch but protopanaxauiol increased leukocyte emigration. The swelling of rat hind paw induced by 1% carrageenan was significantly inhibited by total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol both single and 2 weeks treatments. Total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol decreased the anti-inflammatory activity in adrenalectomized rat. Our results suggest that total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol have potent anti-inflammatory activity, this may be mediated in part through stimulation of adrenal glands.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.232-241
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• 1986

The whole plants of Prunella vulgaris (Labiatae) and Thesium chinense (Santalaceae) are used as Hakocho(夏枯草) in the market in Korea. In oriental medicine, these herb drugs are prescribed as a diuretic or antiinflammatory drugs. In order to investigate the efficacy of the plants, the extracts were bioassayed for antiinflammatory action. The water extracts of Prunella Herba and Thesii Herba showed remarkable anti-carrageenin effect and significant inhibition of the swellings in adjuvant arthritis in rats. However, the extracts did not show any inhibition of leucocyte emigration in CMC pouch in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 1979

Antiinflammatory action of phytolaccosides B and E isolated from the roots of Phytolacca americana was investigated and compared with that of aescin. Phytolaccoside B, when it was administered intravenously, exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the transudation caused by absorptive sponge pellet implanted s.c. in rats and on carrageenin induced edema in rats. Phytolaccoside E showed a weaker action than Phytolaccoside B did. Hemolytic potency of the saponins was decreased in the order of aescin, phytolaccosides B and E showing a same tendency as in antiinflammatory action. The experimental result suggests that the mode of action of phytolaccosides is the same as that of aescin.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.9-28
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• 2020

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs worldwide for chronic pain, such as arthritis, and there are many different types depending on their composition and mechanism. After long-term use, various side effects can occur, such as gastrointestinal and cardiovascular complications. With a similar analgesic effect to that of traditional non-selective NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase-2-selective NSAIDs have been highly anticipated, because they could complement gastrointestinal tolerance. On the other hand, because of concerns about cardiovascular safety in 2004 and 2005, and the license withdrawals of rofecoxib and valdecoxib, the interest in the side effects of NSAIDs is increasing. Therefore, it is important to use the necessary drugs at a minimum, considering the side effects and interactions of each drug. This study examined the side effects and characteristics of each NSAID that may occur and reviewed the recent research and guidelines related to the use of non-selective NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase-2-selective NSAIDs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2000

The root extract of pulsatilla koreana has been used as antibacterial, antiparasitic and anti-inflam-matory analgesic agents in Traditional Medicine in Korea. Thus anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of the methanol and water extracts of the root were investigated by administration in oral and intravenous route. From the results, it is concluded that the extracts exhibited the potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions in intravenous administration, but did not show the actions in oral administration in animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Incomplete combustion due to quenching in a narrow confinement has been a major problem for realization of a reliable micro combustion device. In most micro combustors, effects of flows are absent in the quenching because the flow is laminar and no severe stretch is present. In such circumstance, quenching is caused either by heat loss or by removal of active radicals to the wall surface of the confinement. An experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the relative significance of these two causes of quenching of a premixed flame. A premixed jet burner with a rectangular cross section at the exit was built. At the burner exit, the flame stands between two walls with adjustable distance. The gap between the two walls at which quenching occurs was measured at different wall surface conditions. The results were analyzed to estimate the relative significance of heat loss to the wall and the removal of radicals at the surface. The measurements indicated that the quenching distance was independent of the wall surface characteristics such as oxygen vacancy, grain boundary, or impurities at low temperature. At high temperature, however, the surface characteristics strongly affect the quenching distance, implying that radical removal at the wall plays a significant role in the quenching process.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.36-46
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• 2007

Objective : In this study, the effect of Atractylodes japonica against LPS induced inflammation in mouse microglia BV2 cells was investigated. Method : Microglia BV2 Cells viability was determined using the MTT assay. We used water, ethanol extract from Atractylodes japonica and studied on the anti-inflammatory effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, and nitric oxide detection on mouse microglia BV2 cells. Result : The MTT assay revealed that it's extract has no significant cytotoxicity in the microglia BV2 cell. Various solvent extract from Atractylodes japonica inhibited nitrite production, iNOS protein and mRNA expression levels. And also it's extracts significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced COX-2 activation in RT-PCR and western blot in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia BV2 cells Conclusion : In this study, it's extracts was shown to suppress NO production by inhibiting iNOS expression and COX-2 activity. With this effects of anti-inflammation, we suggests that, it's extracts may be a useful candidate for the development of a drug on the related inflammatory diseases in brain.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.4
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• pp.237-265
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• 1995

The inhibitory effects of Gleditschiae Spina, Cleditschia saponin, two complex prescriptions such as Takrisodokum and Kwaluubangtang, which contain Gleditschiae Spina, and their altered prescriptions on the activity of cyclooxygenase in vitro were investigated. The water extract of Gleditschiae Spina and Gleditschia saponin markedly inhibited the cyclo-oxygenase activity by 59% and 67%, respectively, at a concentration of $1mg/m{\ell}$, on the other hand, Takrisodokum and Kwaluubangtang showed 15% and 7% inhibition, respectively. The extracts with the substraction of Gleditschiae Spina and/or Platycodi Radix inhibited to a much smaller extent than Takrisodokum. However, in case of the extracts with the substraction of Gleditschiae Spina and/or Trichosanthis Semen, only one prescription, which does not contain Trichosanthis Semen, exhibited the same inhibition as Takrisodokum. From above results, Gleditschiae Spina was found to be most important for the effect of Takrisodokum and Kwaluubangtang on their antiinflammatory action. Instead of Gleditschiae Spina, another parts of this plant were added to both complex prescriptions and tested according to above methods, indicating that Gleditschiae Spina is more important than another parts for both prescriptions. When the administered dose of Gleditschiae Spina is increased(twofold and threefold) in both complex prescriptions, the inhibitory effect in Takrisodokum was diminished. however, the effect in Kwaluubangtang was increased.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.360-367
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• 1991

Effect of Mylabris sidae(MS) and Epicauta gorhami(EG) polysaccharide fractions on the inflammation and immune responses were studied in vivo. MS and EG contained cantharidin about 0.61 and 0.65%, respectively. It was shown that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg have the significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity; They inhibited significantly the carrageenin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome. They accelerated significantly the carbon clearance and the phagocytosis of colloidal carbons by Kupffer cells in liver, but they at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg suppressed significantly the Arthus reaction in the sheep red blood cell(S-RBC)-sensitized mice in accordance with the inhibition of haemaglutinin titer, haemolysin titer and plaque-forming cells. On the other hand, they at a oral dose of 200 mg/kg accelerated slightly the oxazolone-induced dermatitis in rats and delayed hypersensitivity in the S-RBC-challenzed mice in consistent with the increase of rosette forming cells. As the above results, it exhibited that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions inhibited the humoral immune responses, but they accelerated the function of macrophages and cellular immune responses. EG polysaccharide fraction had more active than MS polysaccharide fraction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.240-240
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• 1994

1. 천연 항염증 물질의 분리 천연 항염증 약물 개발을 목표로 하여 한방과 민간에서 소염, 진통의 목적으로 이용되는 식물들을 대상으로 Carrageenin에 의해 유도된 백서 후족 부종의 억제를 지표로 Screening을 행한 결과, 2종의 식물의 부탄을 엑스가 항염증 활성을 나타내었다. 즉, 호랑가시나무(flex cornuta L. ) 잎 및 쑥부쟁이 (Aster yomena Makinc)의 부탄을 엑스가 Aspirin(300mg/kg)에 필적하는 항염증작용을 나타내었다. 이 식물들의 부탄을 엑스로 부터 각각 2종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 호랑가시나무로 부터는 01eanane type의 monodesmoside와 Pomolic acid bisdesmoside가, 쑥부쟁이로 부터는 Hederagenin bisdesmoside및 구조 미확정의 물질이 각각 분리되었다. 2.천연 항염증 물질의 구조 변환 항염증 약물로 많이 이용되고 있는 시호(Bupleurum falcatum L.)의 유효성분인 Saikosaponin-a의 용해도 개선을 위하여 그 유도체를 합성하였다. 합성된 Saikosaponin-a hemisuccinate의 K염은, 용해도 시험 결과 현저한 용해도 증가를 보였다.