• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2017

Transgenic lily plants have been obtained after particle bombardment, using PDS-1000/He system and scale explants of lilies, followed by PPT (D-L-phosphinothricin) selection. In this study, scales of the lily plants cv. 'red flame' were bombarded with a plasmid containing the bar gene as a selectable marker, and the AtSIZ gene as a gene of interest, showing salt tolerance and drought tolerance respectively, and both being driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. For optimization of a protocol, factors which optimized and showed a high transformation efficiency under following conditions, were considered: a bombardment pressure of 1100 psi, a target distance of 6 cm and $1.0{\mu}m$ of gold particle, and 24-h pre-culture and post-culture on MS medium containing 0.2 M sorbitol and 0.2 M mannitol as osmoticum agents. After bombardment, all the bombarded scales of lily were transferred to MS medium without selective agents, for a week. Subsequently, these bombarded scales were transferred to a selection MS medium containing 10 mg/l PPT, and incubated for a month for further selection, after which they were cultured for another 4-8 weeks with a 4-week subculture regime on the same selection medium. After transferring into hormone-free MS medium, the PPT-resistant scales with shoots were successfully rooted and regenerated into plantlets. PCR analysis revealed that the surviving putatively transformed plantlets indicated the presence of both the bar gene and the AtSIZ gene. In conclusion, when 100 scales of lily cv. Red flame are bombarded, this study produced approximately 17-18 transgenic plantlets with an optimized bombardment protocol. The protocol described here can contribute to the breeding program of lilies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-160
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• 1969

Experiments on sweet sorghum(sorgo) with different population per unit area were conducted from 1966 to 1968 for the first time in Korea. By increasing plant population stalk weight, refinable sugar and seed weight per plot were increased, but stalk weight per plant, brix percentage, sugar content, stem diameter and 1, 000 seed weight were decreased. Plant height, maturity and lodging were not affected by the treatments. The result obtained has suggested that the effects of plant spacing within row on the characteristics of plant growth and on yields were greater than those of row width. Negative correlations existed between sugar content and sugar yield, and seed weight per plant and seed yield. The optimal plant population in this study ranged from 16, 700 to 22, 200 plants per 10a, row width of 60cm and plant spacing in row of 15 to 20cm resulted in the highest sugar and seed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.134-138
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• 2006

The result that test 3 years since 2002 allowing 6 processing such as $40{\times}5\;cm$ to supply basis data of method of cultivation establishment investigating productivity of Saururus chinensis by the number of cultivation years and planting distance, is as following. Plant height of foliar growth was good 1 year eats little, but 2 years planting distance $40{\times}10\;cm$, 3 years was best in $40{\times}20\;cm$ and there were many the number of tillerings 1, 2, all 3 years do high plant density, and rhizoma growth is 1, 2 years does high plant density, it was good tendency, but 3 years is best in $40{\times}20\;cm$. 1 year is most in planting distance $40{\times}5\;cm$, 2 years $40{\times}10\;cm$, 3 years $40{\times}20\;cm$, $1{\sim}2$ year accumulation quantity $40{\times}10\;cm$, $1{\sim}3$ year accumulation quantity $40{\times}10$, 20 cm in goods foliar amount.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2020

Immature embryogenesis is a useful process in wheat tissue culture, including transgenic technology, because of its high regeneration efficiency compared to that in other tissues. However, it is a very labor-intensive and time-restrictive method, because the preparation of immature embryos is limited to the optimal time after flowering. In this experiment, 'Speed Breeding', a breeding technique that accelerates breeding generation advancement by extending the photoperiod, was applied to the wheat variety 'Bobwhite'. A controlled growth room was constructed by adjusting the photoperiod (22-hour light/2-hour dark) using LED lights at temperature of 22℃. After vernalization of the Bobwhite seeds at 4℃ for 4 weeks, the seedlings were grown in a controlled growth room and a greenhouse to compare the heading date. In both conditions, calli were induced from immature embryos on the 11^th day after flowering. After 4 weeks, the calli were transferred to a regeneration medium. Regeneration efficiencies under greenhouse conditions and Speed Breeding conditions were determined as 45.05% and 43.18%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activity and reference gene expression analysis were performed to confirm the presence of stress due to an extremely long-day photoperiod. As a result, the antioxidant enzyme activity was not distinguished from that of the greenhouse condition. The reference gene expression analysis revealed that the PsaA and CDC genes were highly expressed under the Speed Breeding condition. However, expression of PsbA was similar expression in both conditions. These results will provide useful information for the application of immature embryogenesis to the wheat transformation system.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2017

One-year old pear (Pyrus pyrifolia L.) trees of a new commercial cultivar 'Manpungbae', recently developed in South Korea, were planted in 2001 (planting year 1) and trained to four trellis systems: Y-trellis, Y-II-trellis, pergola, and vase-pergola. To evaluate training systems in the local area (southern Korea), tree growth responses were compared for each trellis system from planting years 3 to 8. For trees trained to Y-trellis and pergola systems, a high proportion of land covered by tree canopy was maintained over the study duration, with 70-80% coverage in year 8. Eight-year cumulative yield per tree was increased in the vase-pergola system with a low planting density and an additional scaffold. Compared with other systems, cummulative yield use efficiency was greatest in Y-II-trellis and pergola systems in years 5 and 8. Compared with Y-II-trellis and vase-pergola systems, the 8-year cumulative yield per hectare was two fold greater for trees trained to the Y-trellis (103 tons) and pergola systems (101 tons). Use of the pergola system improved average fruit weight and fruit soluble solid contents, as well as net income in year 8. Given that we observed reduced fruit productivity and increased labor hours (pruning and orchard work), we consider the Y-trellis and pergola systems to be less valuable trellis systems than the others evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2004

It will be a real good news fer the people who were lost their hometown by the construction of a large dam to be restored to the farmer state. Focused on Cheung-pyung around where most part were submerged by the Chungju large Dam founded in eurly 1980s, It used remote sensing image restoration Technique in this study in order to restore topographical features before the flood with stereo effects. We gathered comparatively good satellite photos and remotely sensed digital images, then its made a new fusion image from these various satellite images and the topographical map which had been made before the water filled by the DAM. This task was putting together two kinds of different timed images. And then, we generated DEM including the outskirts of that area as matching current contour lines with the map. That could be a perfect 3D image of test areas around before when it had been water filled by making perspective images from all directions included north, south, east and west, fer showing there in 3 dimensions. Also, for close range visiting made of flying simulation can bring to experience their real space at that time. As a result of this experimental task, it made of new fusion images and 3-D perspective images and simulation live images by remotely sensed photos and images, old paper maps about vanished submerged Dam areas and gained of possibility 3-D terrain image restoration about submerged area by large Dam construction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was loused on understanding of uptake of nutrients by plants, the behaviors of nutrients in soil and the possibility of leaching loss when N fertilizer (urea) and mature compost were applied. Lysimeters (volume 0.15㎥, diameter 62cm, height 62.8cm) were installed for collecting leachate in the Jeju volcanic ash soils. Lysimeter study consisted of thirteen treatments: fellow, fellow with weeding, cropping without fertilizer and compost, three N fertilizer soil surface applications (16, 32, and 64 kg/10a), three N fertilizer and compost soil surface applications (16+800i 32+1600, and 64+3200 kg/10a), two water dissolved N fertilizer applications(16 and 32 kg/10a), and low and high plant densities. The growth of corn (preceding crop) and potatoes (succeeding crop) and leaching loss were determined during the experimental period. The amount of leachate from lysimeter was remarkably greater at bare conditions than at cropping conditions for corn and potatoes. The N content of plants (corn and potatoes) tended to increase as fertilizer rate increased. Fertilization of urea dissolved in water to soil was more efficient than surface fertilization for the growth, yield, and the N uptake N of corn and potatoes. There were no differences in dry matter yield of plants between medium and high N rates, but N, Ca, K and Mg concentrations of plants were higher at higher N rates. There were significant correlations between N uptake and each of Ca, K and Mg uptakes in corn and potatoes. Total N uptake by plants increased with increased N fertilizer and compost applications. Plane absorbed 54.9% of applied N at low N rate and 31.0 to 34.0% at high N rates. The proportion of N leaching losses was lower at low N rate and high plant density.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1998

This study was carried out in order to establish plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from leaf explant of Ostericum koreanum Kitagawa and to elucidate the effects of NAA and cytokinins (kinetin, BA) on the abnormalities of somatic embryo and the relationship between thecotyledon numberand germinability. Calli were formed on leaf explants cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/L) of NAA and cytokinins. The calli were white, watery and soft, became browning during cultures. Somatic embryos were formed from pale yellowish calli derived browning calli. High frequency somatic embryos were observed on MS medium containing 1 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L BA after 60 days of culture. The mature somatic embryos germinated into plantlets without subculture after 2 weeks. The frequency of normal somatic embryo with two cotyledons was 39.8%. On the other hand, cotyledonary abnormalities of somatic embryos were observed at considerable frequency: 33.6% of somatic embryo with one cotyledon, 15.3% cotyledons with three, 8.2% four cotyledons and 3.1% jar shaped cotyledon. Germination frequency of somatic embryos with two cotyledons was 97.4%, and that of the embryos with abnormal cotyledon was almost similar to that of embryos with two cotyledons, except jar shaped somatic embryos (33.3%).

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.28
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• pp.111-140
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• 2005

Most of studies on the press during the period of Japanese occupation in Korea have focused on the activities of newspapers in 1920s. These past studies didn't examine the whole process of change of the press under the Japanese occupation in Korea. Thus, this study tried to investigate the change of the tenor of Korean newspaper editorials on the ruling policies during the end of the colonial period in Korea as a part of attempts exceeding the limit of past studies. After the outbreak of the war between China and Japan in 1937, the Korean newspapers were full of stereotyped editorials resembling in a way official gazette. Dong-A Ilbo and Cho-Sun Ilbo represented the purpose of the war was to emancipate Asian countries from Western imperialist countries and to establish the peace of the Asia. Simultaneously, two newspapers played an important role in assimilating the Korean people into the Japanese and mobilizing them to the war, The tenor of these editorials was affected by intensified control over the press and the change of the consciousness of journalists. In conclusion, these newspapers had a harmful influence on the Korean people as a weapon to the movement to organize and mobilize them. Therefore the interest for researching on the pro-Japanese press should be taken in view of 'resistance' and 'collaboration.'

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2005

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute enteritis in pigs of all ages and is often fatal for neonates. In order to develop sweetpotato plants expressing PEDV antigen, we constructed the vector expressing spike gene of PEDV under the control of sweetpotato sporamin promoter or constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. The spike protein region of PEDV was synthesized by PCR and linked to each promoter, Transgenic sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Yulmi] plants were developed from embryogenic calli following Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The co-cultured embryogenic calli transferred to selective MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D, 100 mg/L kanamycin, and 400 mg/L claforan. These embryogenic calli were subcultured to the same selection medium at 3 weeks interval. Kanamycin-resistant calli transferred to hormone-free MS medium with kanamycin gave rise to somatic embryos and then converted into plantlets in the same medium. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the spike gene of PEDV was inserted into the genome of the sweetpotato plants. RT-PCR revealed that the spike gene of PEDV was highly expressed in transgenic sweetpotato plants.