• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-78
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• 2011

Surface of hydrophobic polyethylene membrane was modified to become hydrophilic by ion beam irradiation. Submerged membrane filtration reactors contained pristine membrane or surface-modified membrane and the influent to reactors was pickled radish wastewater. The objectives of this study was to investigate the variation of flux and pressure and the characteristics of pollutant removal such as organics, suspended solids and nutrients with time. The result of experiments using intermittent pristine membrane showed the occurrence of severe fouling by increasing permeate pressure rapidly in case of pickled radish wastewater but in synthetic wastewater, this phenomenon was not occurred. In experiments of variation flux after chemical cleaning and water cleaning in pristine membrane, chemical cleaning must be necessary for renewals of pollutant membrane. Performance of intermittent operation is higher than that of continuous operation. Reaching fouling time in the case of surface-modified membrane is 6 times as long as pristine membrane. According this reason, replacement expense of surface-modified membrane could be 1/6 of that of pristine membrane. Effluent from this process was relatively good water quality and performance in the removal efficiency of SS, nitrogen and phosphorus was particularly higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.114-117
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• 2002

Sorption and desorption studies were conducted to evaluate several media as a potential biobarrier for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). Pahokee and Bion peats, Devonian Ohio shale, vermicompost, and 50% HDTMA-montmorillonite were used as model sorbents. Sorption and desorption isotherms were determined using the radiolabeled phenanthrene (Phe). Sorption capacity of Phe on several sorbents was in the order Ohio shale > 50% HDTMA-montmorillonite > vermicompost > Pahokee peat. Mineralization kinetics was investigated for Phe-sorbed sorbents using Pseudomonas putida 17484. Among the tested sorbents, active biodegradation of Phe was observed in shale and vermicompost: degradation in shale exhibited little lag time while that in shale showed a significant lag time. Results of this study indicate that sorbents used in this work can be utilized as permeable reactive biobarrier media for the remediation of HOC-contaminated groundwater.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.276-284
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• 2014

In this study, a hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was modified by coating neutral hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol). The flux of pure water was measured and then fouling test was conducted with bovin serum albumin (BSA) as model protein foulant. As a result, the experiments showed that pure water flux was decreased but anti-fouling property was significantly enhanced. Pure water flux with increasing molecular weights of the polymer was decreased and fouling resistance was enhanced. Also, Pure water flux with increasing solution concentration was decreased and fouling resistance was enhanced. It is probably due to the increase in hydrophilicity and decrease in roughness of the membrane surface, as revealed by contact angle and AFM analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.557-564
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• 2000

This study is aimed to develop the adsorbent which can effectively remove toxic hydrophobic organic compounds from the aqueous phase. The emphasis was made to elucidate the adsolubilization behavior of sparingly soluble organic compounds (SSOCs) into the cetyltrimetylammonium bromide(CTAB) layer formed on anthracite by the partition coefficient. The amount of SSOCs removed from aqueous solution was increased with increase of the amount of CTAB coated on the surface and wich increase of SSOCs's hydrophobicity. With the surface-modified solid shown in above. chloroform and benzene at the initial concentration of $6{\times}10^{-4}M$ were removed over 95%. Experimentally determined partition coefficient($K_d$) values between organo-anthracite and organics were 4~25 times higher than theoretical $K_d$ values of same organics Organo-anthracite formed by the addition of the CTAB can effectively immobilize organic contaminants dissolved in landfill leachate and can also be applicable to wastewater treatment containing toxic hydrophobic organic compounds such as chloroform and benzene.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.75.1-75.1
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• 2011

화석연료의 고갈과 온실가스 배출의 증가로 지속 가능한 친환경 에너지 생산이 요구되는 가운데, 태양광 발전은 이러한 조건을 만족시키는 에너지 생산 방안으로 주목받고 있다. 태양광 발전은 태양 직사광을 이용한 발전 방법 때문에 실외에 설치되어야 하며 이에 따라 외부의 충격이나 오염물질로부터 태양전지 패널을 보호하기 위한 보호층이 필수적이다. 그러나 보호층에 의한 입사광의 반사 및 먼지나 황사에 의한 보호층의 오염 등은 태양전지의 발전 효율을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용하여 이에 대한 대응이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 PET 필름에 나노 임프린트 리소그래피 및 핫 엠보싱 공정을 이용하여 moth-eye 반사방지 패턴을 형성함으로써 보호층에서의 입사광 반사를 억제하였다. 또한, 이러한 반사방지 패턴에 초소수성 자기조립단분자막을 코팅하여 표면 에너지를 낮춤으로써 먼지 및 황사에 의해 오염되었을 경우에도 빗물에 의해 오염 물질이 쉽게 씻겨 내릴 수 있는 자정기능을 부여하였다. 이러한 반사방지를 통한 입사광 투과량의 향상 및 초소수성 표면에 의한 자정작용에 의하여 태양전지의 발전 효율이 증가되었다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.61-68
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• 2006

Soil washing techniques coupled with high pressure air jet were applied for diesel-contaminated soils sampled by an underground oil reservoir of which the initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ($2,828{\pm}206\;mg/kg$) exceeded 5 times of current standard level (500 mg/kg) regulated by the Soil-Environment Conservation Law. Through several tests, we found that the position of impeller has a critical impact for washing efficiencies. The highest washing efficiency was obtained at an oblique angle (30 degree) for the impeller and optimized mixing speed (300 rpm) that could have high shearing forces. Considered economical and feasible aspects, the optimum mixing time was 10 min. Rate constants of TPH removal derived from the first-order equation were not linearly increased as mixing speed increased, indicating that mechanical mixing has some limits to enhance the washing efficiencies. Application of high-pressure air jet in washing process increased the washing efficiency. This increase might be caused by the fact that the surface of micro-air bubbles strongly attached hydrophobic matters of soil particles. As the pressure of air jet increased, the separation efficiencies of TPH-contaminated soil particles increased. In the combined process of high-pressure air jet and mixing by impeller, the optimum mixing speed and air flow-rate were determined to be 60 rpm and $2\;kg/cm^2$, respectively. Consequently, the washing technique coupled with high-pressure air jet could be considered as a feasible application for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

A plasma hydrophobic coating on commercial fish feed was conducted to prolong the floating time of feed, thereby enhancing the feed consumption rate and reducing the contamination of water in fish farms. The hydrophobic coating on the fish feed was prepared using an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), toluene and n-hexane as the precursors. The effect of the parameters such as input power, precursor type and coating time on the coating performance were examined. The physicochemical properties of the coating layer were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and a contact angle (CA) analyzer. The water CA increased after the coating preparation, indicating that the surface changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The FTIR characterization revealed that the hydrophobic layer was comprised of functional groups such as $CH_3$, Si-O-Si and Si-C. As a result of the hydrophobic coating, the floating time of the fish feed increased from several seconds to 3 minutes, which suggested that the plasma coating method could be a viable means for practical applications. Compared to the water CA measured as soon as the coating layer was prepared, the 6-day aged sample exhibited a substantial CA increase, confirming the aging effect on the improvement of the hydrophobicity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.207-207
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• 2010

고지로부터 유입된 플렉소 잉크는 수성잉크의 고유 특성으로 인해 세척 공정을 통해서만 제거된다. 이는 다량의 용수 사용을 유도함으로서 에너지 소비 및 환경오염 요소를 증대시키는 주요 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 최근에는 이들을 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 특히 기존의 이물질 제거 방법 중에서 부유부상법을 이용한 제어 방안이 주목 받고 있으며 이는 잉크 제조 시 건조 잉크 입자의 소수성을 부여하는 방법 또는 탈묵 pH 조건에서 잉크 자체의 soluble한 요소를 최소화함으로서 잉크입자의 미분화를 최소화 하는 방안, 그리고 이와 더불어 부유부상 공정에서 효과적인 기포 부착을 유도하는 방안 강구 등 효과적인 제거를 위한 연구가 다각도로 수행 되고 있다. 이러한 연구 과정 중에 직면하고 있는 가장 큰 문제점은 플렉소 잉크가 쉽게 미분화 된다는 것이다. 특히 나노 크기로 미분화된 잉크는 세척 이외에는 제거 방법이 거의 없고 폐쇄화된 초지 공정에서 지속적인 농축을 유발하여 심각한 계 내 오염을 야기할 뿐만 아니라 기존의 수질제어 시스템에서도 효과적으로 제거되기 어렵기 때문에 수질오염을 유발하는 주요 물질로 작용하고 있다. 또 일부 잉크 입자들은 중금속을 함유하고 있어 제품에 포함될 경우 잠재적 유독물질로 작용할 수 있으며, 만일 이들을 포함한 공정수가 방류될 경우 심각한 수질오염을 유발할 수 있다. 이에 대한 심각성이 최근 중요하게 대두됨에 따라 본 연구에서는 미분화된 플렉소 잉크 입자의 제어를 위한 기초 연구로서 미분화된 잉크를 비중이 높고 상대적으로 큰 입자를 가지는 filler에 흡착시켜 제어하는 방안을 모색하였고 이는 추후 Filler에 흡착된 잉크 입자를 이용하여 침전을 통한 제거 또는 부유부상이 가능한 입자 크기로 형성시켜 제거하는 방안을 제시하기 위한 기초 연구로서 수행되었다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2007

Characterizing the risk posed by a mixture of chemicals is a challenging task due to the chemical interactions of individual components that may affect their physical behavior and hence alter their exposure to receptors. In this study, cell tests that represent subsurface environment were carried out using benz[a]anthracene (BaA) and p-xylene focusing on phasetransforming interaction to verify increased mobility and risk of highly sorbed pollutants in the presence of less sorbed, mobile liquid pollutants. A transport model was also developed to interpret results and to simulate the same process on a field scale. The experimental results showed that BaA had far greater mobility in the presence of p-xylene than in the absence of that. The main transport mechanisms in the vadose zone were by dissolution to p-xylene or water. The transport model utilizing Defined Time Steps (DTS) was developed and tested with the experimental results. The predicted and observed values showed similar tendency, but the more work is needed in the future study for more precise modeling. The field-scale simulation results showed that transport of BaA to groundwater table was significantly faster in the presence of NAPL, and the oral carcinogenic risk of BaA calculated with the concentration in groundwater was 15${\sim}$87 times larger when mixed with NAPL than when solely contaminated. Since transport rate of PAHs is very slow in the subsurface without NAPL and no degradation of PAHs was considered in this simulation during the transport, the increase of risk in the presence of NAPL is expected to be greater for the actual contaminated site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2008

The objectives of this research are to investigate the mechanism of coagulation affecting UF and find out the optimum conditions of the combined of coagulation with UF membrane filtration for NOM removal. During the mixing period, substantial changes in particle size distribution occurred under rapid and slow mixing condition due to the simultaneous formation of microflocs and NOM precipitates. Therefore, combined pretreatment using coagulation (both rapid mixing and slow mixing) improved dissolved removal efficiency. Also, for combined coagulation to membrane process, flux reduction rate showed lower than only UF process. The rate of flux decline for the hydrophobic membrane was considerably greater than for the hydrophilic membrane. Applying coagulation process before membrane filtration showed not only reducing membrane fouling, but also improving the removal of dissolved organic materials that might otherwise not be removed by the membrane.