• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.787-793
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• 2008

This paper investigates the issuance of medical records of patients and caregivers who have obtained medical records from the Medical Record Information Center of "a university" in Daejeon from January through March in 2006. According to the structural equation, "the time zone for issuance of medical records" was -0.01 as a path coefficient against "how medical records are issued" and +0.86 against "ordinary characteristics." As shown above, privacy and confidentiality are what really matters in the management of medical records. Therefore, they must be protected regardless of whether the medical records are hard or electronic copies.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.117-157
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• 2021

This research reviewed the HIPAA/HITECH, 21st Century Cures Act, Common Law, and private Guidances from the perspectives in protecting and utilitizing the medical data, while implications were followed. First, the standards for protection and utilization are relatively clearly regulated through single law on personal medical information in the United States. The HIPAA has been introduced in 1996 as fundamental act on protection of medical data. Medical data was divided into personally identifiable information, non-identifying information, and limited dataset under HIPAA. Regulations on de-identification measures for medical information, objects for deletion of limited data sets, and agreement on prohibition of data re-identification were stipulated. Moreover, in the 21st Century Cures Act regulated mutual compatibility for data sharing, prohibition of data blocking, and strengthening of accessibility of data subjects. Common Law introduced comprehensive consent system and clearly stipulates procedures. Second, the regulatory system is relatively simplified and clearly stipulated in the United States. To be specific, the expert consensus and the safe harbor system were introduced as an anonymity measure for identifiable medical information, which clearly defines the process while increasing trust. Third, the protection of the rights of the data subject is specified, the duty of explanation is specified in detail, while the information right of the consumer (opt-out procedure) for identification information is specified. For instance, the HHS rule and FDA regulations recognize the comprehensive consent system for human research, but the consent procedure, method, and requirements are stipulated through the common rule. Fourth, in the case of the United States, a trust-based system is being used throughout the health and medical data legislation. To be specific, Limited Data Sets are allowed to use in condition to the researcher's agreement to prohibit re-identification, and de-identification or consent process is simplified under the system.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2008

A survey on consumer's awareness and perception toward genetically-modified(GM) foods was conducted on 2110 random samples of Korean consumers. More than 65% of the respondents were exposed to some information related to GM foods. The respondents answered that the greatest benefit of the development of GM foods is remedy of potential food shortages in the future. More than 90% of Korean consumers wanted GM foods to be labeled as such. More than 50% of the respondents would not buy until they know more about GM foods. Only 35.8% of Korean consumers were found to know that food items originating from plants contained genes. More consumers responded that they would not buy herbicide-resistant GM soybean but buy vitamin-enriched GM soybean. Many Korean consumers' decision of acceptance or rejection of GM foods depend not on the basis of biotechnology, but on the basis of the degree of benefit to the consumers. Only 6.4% of Korean consumers responded that GM foods were the greatest threat to the safety of Korean foods. The perception of Korean consumers on GM foods has not changed significantly during the past 5 years.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.331-357
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• 2012

Obwohl die Preisbekanntmachung der individuellen Gesundheitsleistung(PiG), die im Jahr 2010 im Arztrecht neu eingef$\ddot{u}$hrt wird, zum Management der Gesundheitskosten sehr n$\ddot{u}$tzig werden soll, muss eine verfassungsrechtliche Rechtfertigungspr$\ddot{u}$fung von PiG zun$\ddot{a}$chst durchgef$\ddot{u}$hrt werden. Angesichts der staatlichen Regulierung und Lenkung auf die Wirtschaft des Art. 119 Abs. 2 KV besitzt die PiG zun$\ddot{a}$chst eine Verfassungsrechtfertigung. Nach der st$\ddot{a}$ndigen Rechtsprechung des koreanischen Verfassungsgerichts folgt das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Verbraucher aus der Menschenw$\ddot{u}$rde von Art. 10 Abs. 1 Koreanische Verfassung(KV) und dem Recht auf Gl$\ddot{u}$ck von Art. 10 Abs. 2 KV. Demnach k$\ddot{o}$nnen Konsumenten den Einkauf der G$\ddot{u}$ter und Service, die Partei des Vertrags, Gesch$\ddot{a}$ftsbedingungen, usw. frei entscheiden. Indem der Preis der individuellen Gesundheitsleistung mithin bekanntgemacht wird, werden das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Verbraucher sowie das Recht der Konsumenten sicherlich gew$\ddot{a}$hrleistet. Dar$\ddot{u}$ber hinaus steht die PiG im Einklang mit dem Recht auf Information, aber auch z$\ddot{a}$hlt sie nicht zu den Informationen der Nichtbekanntmachung vom Gesetz $\ddot{u}$ber die Bekanntmachung der Information(GBI). Nach der staatlichen Gesundheitspflicht des Art. 36 Abs. 3 KV kann die PiG eine Verfassungslegitim$\ddot{a}$t besitzen. Im Hinblick auf die Berufsfreiheit kann die PiG einen Eingriff in den Gesch$\ddot{a}$ftsaktivit$\ddot{a}$ten der Unternehmen bedeuten. Trotzdem ist die PiG als eine verfassungsrechtliche Legitimit$\ddot{a}$t zu qualifizieren. In der Konsequenz kann die PiG, die auf dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht, dem Recht auf Information, dem Gesundheitsrecht, der Regulierung und Lenkung auf die Wirtschaft von Art. 119 Abs. 2 KV, und dem Recht der Verbraucher beruht, als eine verfassungm${\ddot{a}}{\ss}$ige Politik gesch$\ddot{a}$tzt werden.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.63-96
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• 2013

Recently, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) expanded the "Enhancing Airline Passenger Protections" on August 23, 2011 and October 24, 2011. The Rule regulates tarmac delays, denied boarding compensation, customer service plans, and fare advertising. The adopted rule is to protect passengers by improving passenger service requirements on U.S. national or domestic carriers and foreign air carriers as well. The major issues are as follows: First, regarding to so called Tarmac Delay, carriers must establish a Tarmac Delay Contingency Plan setting forth the number of hours the carrier will permit an aircraft to remain on the tarmac at U.S. airports before allowing passengers to deplane. Carriers also must provide passengers with food and water in the event the aircraft remains on the tarmac for two or more hours and must provide operable lavatories and medical attention while the aircraft remains on the tarmac, irrespective of the length of the delay. Carriers also must create and retain records regarding tarmac delays lasting more than three hours. Also they need to update passengers every 30 minutes during a tarmac delay of the status of the flight and the reason for the delay, allow passengers to deplane if the aircraft is at the gate or another disembarkation area with the door open. Second, carriers now must adopt a "Customer Service Plan" that addresses offering customers the lowest fares available, notifying customers about delays, cancellations, and diversions; timely delivery of baggage; accommodating passengers' needs during tarmac delays and in "bumping cases"; and ensuring quality customer service. Third, the new regulations also increase minimum denied boarding compensation limits to $650 / $1,300 or 200% / 400% of the fare, whichever is less. Last, the DOT also has modified its policies related to enforcement of Rules pertaining to full fare advertising. The Rule states that the advertised price for air transportation must be the entire price to be paid by the customer. Similarly, Korea revised the passenger protection clauses within Aviation Act. However, it seems to be required to include various more issues such as Tarmac Delay, oversales of air tickets, involuntary denied boarding passengers, advertisements, etc.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.19-42
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop practical problem-based home economics teaching.learning process plans about a unit 'the youth and consumer life' of middle school eighth-grade Technology and Home Economics by applying blended learning(BL) strategy. According to ADDIE instructional design model, this study was conducted in the following procedure: analysis, design/development, implementation, and evaluation. In the stage of design and development, the selected unit was converted into a practical problem-based unit, and practical problem-based teaching. learning process plans were designed in detail by using BL strategy. An online study room for practical problem-based home economics instruction grounded in BL strategy was prepared by using Edunet(http://community.edunet4u.net/${\sim}$consumer2). Eight-session lesson plans were mapped out, and study aids for students and materials for teachers were prepared. In the implementation stage, the first-session teaching plans that dealt with a minor question 'what preparations should be made to become a wise consumer' were utilized when instruction was provided to 115 eighth graders who were in three different province, and the other one was in a middle school in the city of Daejeon. The experimental teaching was implemented for two weeks in the following procedure: preliminary program, pre-online learning, main instruction and post- online learning. The preliminary program was carried out in a session in the classroom, and pre-online learning was provided before the main instruction was given in a session in the classroom. After the main instruction was completed, post-online learning was offered. In the evaluation stage, a survey was conducted on all the learners and teachers to find out their opinions and suggestions.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

Since the chemical pesticides have been played a major role in crop protection practices during last 5 to 7 decades, social concerns on the pesticide residues in and on food commodities as well as environmental compartments have also growing with endless demands and interests. Most national regulation authorities over the world have paid a special attention on the data requirements for pesticide registration. In addition, even the registered pesticides also should follow the re-registration process, which meets today's guidelines and regulatory triggers and safety profiles. More recently, a defined interest in the international bodies has given to the global conservation program from the environmental contamination; these involves persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDs), biocides, etc.. In order to secure the food safety and keep our circumference sound, in-depth efforts getting information from global networks have perpetually to be given under relevant national agencies. At the same time, a nation-wide survey of the residues has also to be in operation to monitor the tendency of the toxicant in/on foods, feeds, and environmental segments. In final, the scientifically assessed results on safety should be opened to the public to provide the right-to-know for the consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.553-564
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• 2017

We analyzed the effects of government intervention on competition structure of telecommunication companies.. Results showed a decrease in market share difference among mobile telecommunication companies due to increased competition caused by the introduction of mobile virtual network operators (MVNO) and mobile number portability. We also found that the introduction of the MVNO caused a relaxed competition structure between network operators. Furthermore, we observed an increased subscriber influx of late adapters after the introduction of the Mobile and Service Retail Regulation Law (MRL). However, we found a gradual decrease in the competitiveness of MVNO following the introduction of MRL. In addition, the introduction of Mobile and Service Retail Regulation Law had a negative impact on customer churn as well as the financial structures of telecommunication companies.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2018

In Korea, the oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is highly preferred by consumers in the food industry and makes up about 97.7% of the total forest mushroom production. This indicates that the oak mushroom is an important non-timber forest product in Korea. Recently, the breeding and development of new cultivars of L. edodes have been actively initiated, and the development of molecular markers that are able to identify and discriminate the new cultivars is crucial for protecting the breeder's rights. This study was carried out to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for the identification and discrimination of a new cultivar, Sanmaru 2ho from the 37 other oak mushroom cultivars. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the $1,803,483^{rd}$ position of scaffold2 in the genome of Sanmaru 2ho. The amplified DNA containing the SNP of Sanmaru 2ho was uniquely not cleaved by the restriction enzyme, Hha I, and thus Sanmaru 2ho was successfully distinguished from the other oak mushroom cultivars.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.13-35
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• 2005

The trend towards ageing populations has been observed over many years in Europe and the US but has accelerated significantly in developed countries in Asia including Japan and South Korea. In the latter country the elderly population (65+) has increased 5-fold between 1960 and 2000 and this group will comprise 40% of the population by 2050. This creates a new socio-economic group with specific demands and considerable spending power. As ageing occurs a range of changes occur in the body that can be moderated by adjustments in nutrition. A significant body of evidence points to changes in the balance of glutathione synthesis and utilisation as people age. Glutathione is the most important natural anti-oxidant of the body and the amounts present can become limited by available cysteine in the diet. A cysteine-enriched peptide product, Cysteine Peption$^{TM}$ has been developed by DMV International for dietary supplement and food applications. A qualitative consumer trial has indicated benefits including improved sleep and more energy. Animal and clinical trials will be described that provide indications on bioavailability and possible mechanisms of action of Cysteine Peption$^{TM}$ with particular focus on the ageing population.