• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative activity and inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase of Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. was $5.23\;{\mu}g/mL$. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol - dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ROS scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. was $0.40\;{\mu}g/mL$. The protective effects of extract / fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($1\;{\sim}\;10\;{\mu}g/mL$). Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of aglycone fraction of Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts was $8.90\;{\mu}g/mL$. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on elastase of aglycone fraction of Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts was $2.37\;{\mu}g/mL$. These results indicate that extract / fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by anti-oxidative activity and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Persicaria hydropiper L. extract / fractions could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. However, excessive ROS production damages cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and promotes skin aging. In this study, we confirmed the antioxidant effect of CSYJE to prevent excessive oxidative stress. First, DPPH and ABTS assays were performed to confirm the antioxidant effect of CSYJE and the radical scavenging activity was confirmed depending on the concentration. As a result of performing the MTT assay to confirm the cell viability, it was confirmed that there was no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/mL. As a result of western blotting to confirm the expression levels of the antioxidant-related proteins nuclear-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), it was confirmed that the expression was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. After inducing ROS with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an intracellular ROS-causing substance, DCF-DA was performed to confirm the inhibitory effect of ROS production, and the inhibition of ROS production was confirmed to concentration-dependent. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to confirm the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediator caused by ROS generation, mRNA expression was reduced in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, this study confirmed the antioxidant effect of CSYJE through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which suggests that CSYJE can be used as an antioxidant cosmetic material by inhibiting free radicals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

Conventional traffic signal optimization models assume that green intervals for pedestrian crossings are given as exogenous inputs such as minimum green intervals for straight-ahead movements. As the result, in reality, the green intervals of traffic movements may not distribute adequately by the volume/saturation-flow of them. In this paper, we proposed signal optimization models formulated in BMILP to integrate pedestrian crossings into traffic movements under under-saturated traffic flow. The model simultaneously optimizes traffic and pedestrian movements to minimize weighted queues of primary queues during red interval and secondary queues during queue clearance time. A set of linear objective function and constraints set up to ensure the conditions with respect to pedestrian and traffic maneuvers. Numerical examples are given by pedestrian green intervals and the number of pedestrian crossings located at an arm. Optimization results illustrated that pedestrian green intervals using proposed models are greater than those using TRANSYT-7F, but opposite in the ratios of pedestrian green intervals to the cycle lengths. The simulation results show that proposed models are superior to TRANSYT-7F in reducing delay, where the longer the pedestrian green interval the greater the effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.752-758
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• 2012

We conducted this study to investigate the quality and antioxidant properties of saccharified strawberry gruel with different ratios of strawberry rice mash. Different samples of saccharified strawberry gruel with different ratios of strawberry puree were prepared, and the proximate composition, sweetness, pH, acidity, color difference, texture, free sugar, sensory evaluation, and physiological activities of the sample were measured. With increasing strawberry puree content, the proximate compositions, sweetness, and total acidity of the strawberry gruel increased, and pH decreased significantly (p<0.05). Saccharified strawberry gruel prepared with 15% to 45% strawberry puree displayed significantly lower viscosity. As the amount of strawberry puree increased, the Lvalue, and b-value decreased, whereas the a-value increased. The free sugar content of fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, and total free sugar increased significantly (p<0.05). Strawberry gruel with 30% added strawberry puree was the most preferred for, its color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability preference. With increasing strawberry puree content, the total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging of strawberry gruel increased significantly (p<0.05). From these results, we found that adding 30% strawberry puree was the best way to make gruel with high sensory qualities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.781-788
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• 2015

In this study, the antioxidative effects of 50% ethanol extract, ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from dried whole plant of Solanum nigrum L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) were $215.46{\mu}g/mL$, $42.43{\mu}g/mL$ and $52.28{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were $25.25{\mu}g/mL$, $7.05{\mu}g/mL$ and $6.25{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. 50% ethanol extract and aglycone fraction showed the cellular protective effect against $^1O_2$ induced cellular damage of rabbit erythrocytes at $5{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$, but not at high concentrations. These results indicated that S. nigrum extract/fractions could be used as an antioxidative agent. However, it could induce cellular damage at high concentrations. In conclusion, a special caution is required to use S. nigrum extracts as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1625-1632
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• 2005

This study was conducted to monitor the extraction yields and functional properties from cabbage by a response surface methodology. The extract yield was maximized as 44.47$\%$ under the temperature of 79.86$^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration of 56.84$\%$ and solvent to sample ratio 25.58 mL/g . The maximum value of electron donating ability was 85.46$\%$ at 46.38$^{\circ}C$,57.06$\%$ of ethanol concentration and 27.71 mL/g of solvent to sample ratio. The maximum value of tyrosinase inhibitory effect was 69.37$\%$ at 37.5$^{\circ}C$,47.71$\%$ of ethanol concentration and 16.03 mL/g of solvent to sample ratio. The maximum value of SOD-like activity was 48.36$\%$ in 66.12$^{\circ}C$, 70.35$\%$ of ethanol concentration and 29.13 mL/g of solvent to sample ratio. Estimated conditions for the maximized extraction including yield, electron donating ability and SOD-like activity were 20 $\∼$ 30 mL/g in ratio of solvent to sample, 25$\∼$85$\%$ in ethanol concentration, and 40$\∼$90$^{\circ}C$ in extraction temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.420-423
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• 2010

The proanthocyanidin fraction was isolated from the wild grape (Vitis amurensis) peel and its antioxidant capacities were examined to promote the utilization of wild grape by-products. The 70% acetone crude extract of the wild grape peel was fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograph, which was eluted with 50% methanol, 75% methanol, and 75% acetone. The proanthocyanidin characteristics and contents of the isolated fractions were investigated by the vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ and BuOH-HCl methods. Fraction 6 had the highest proanthocyanidin content ($49.35{\pm}2.75\;g%$) among the isolated fractions. The antioxidant activities of the proanthocyanidin fraction were examined by DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP assay, and total phenolic contents. The FRAP values and total phenolic contents of the fractions ranged from 3.54 to 32.25 mmol/kg and from 4.48 to 50.80 g/100 g, respectively. The proanthocyanidin contents was strongly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP values, and total phenolic contents.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1989

Biochemical consequence of the accumulation in cells of superoxide $(O^{-}_{2})$ which was proposed to be probably a common chemical factor in the secondary process of the mechanism of chilling injury as well as in the visible light photodamage in cells of higher plants, has been investigated in the present work. Especially focused was the destructive effect of $O^{-}_{2}$ on the biochemical activity of mitochondria, as informations which support the suggestion that mitochondrial inner membrane is the major site of $O^{-}_{2}$ production have been collected. Mitochondria and submitochondrial particles (SMP) were prepared from soybean hypocotyls for this case study. When SMP were treated with the electrolytically produced $O^{-}_{2}$ they suffered not only inhibition of the membrane-bound enzymes as demonstrated by cytochrome c oxidase, but also lipid peroxidation of membrane as proved by malondialdehyde production. Malate dehydrogenase present in the protein extract from mitochondrial matrix was also inhibited by the $O^{-}_{2}$ treatment. These results exhibited the chaotic effect of the overproduction and accumulation of $O^{-}_{2}$ in cells under a certain abnormal circumstance such as environmental stress on the physiological function of mitochondrial; disruption of the cellular metabolic pathways and the structural integrity of membrane.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.70-77
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• 2000

Among four compounds such as oxyresveratrol, resveratrol, morin and afzelechin isolated from the heartwood of Morns bombycis, oxyresveratrol and resveratrol which belong to stilbenoid indicated high antioxidative and antimicrobial activity, respectively. Based on this result, this experiment was carried out to elucidate the relationship between biological activities of stilbenoids and their chemical structures using two isolated and six synthesized ones prepared by Wittig reaction. Antimicrobial activity of 3,5-dihydroxystilbene(pinosylvin) devoid of hydroxyl group of B-ring was the best among the tested stilbenoids. Antimicrobial activities of the stilbenoids showed negative dependency on the number of hydroxyl groups of B-ring, that is, the fewer number of hydroxyl groups of B-ring, the higher antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, antioxidative activities of the stilbenoids indicated a positive relationship with the number of hydroxyl groups of B-ring. In tetrahydroxystilbenoids, antioxidative activities of the compounds possessing ortho-diphenol structure, 2',3,3',5- and 3,3',4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene, were superior to the others. As a result, it was concluded that resveratrol and oxyresveratrol isolated from the heartwood of M. bombycis had antimicrobial and high antioxidative activities, and these activities of stilbenoids were also dependent on the number and position of hydroxyl groups of B-ring.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The dried barks of Maackia amurensis were ground, extracted with 95% EtOH, concentrated, and fractionated with a series of light petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was concentrated, then a portion of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel 60 column using a various solvent system as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H-$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC, FAB and EI-MS. The structures were determined as: 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1''''->6''')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyransoyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4', 6-dimethoxyisoflavone. The Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH of the isolated compounds were similar with that of BHT but lower than of $\alpha$-tocopherol.