• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.681-687
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• 2007

This study was designed to examine the suitable characteristics of potential probiotic bacteria. Possible probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208, Bifidobacterium bifidum KCTC 3357, Lb. plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293, and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962 were selected. We then measured their acid and bile tolerances, adhesion properties in the gastrointestinal tract, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and immunomodulation activity. The acid tolerances of Lb. acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208, Lb. plantarum, and Leu. mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293, in PBS (pH 2.5) for 2 hr, were high enough that 50% of the inocula survived. The bile tolerances of all bacteria, except Lc. lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962, were also observed at a 3% oxgall concentration in MRS broth. The results of the adhesion property assay showed that the total binding affinities of Lb. acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208, and B. bifidum were about three times higher than those of the other bacteria. In testing their antimicrobial activities against pathogens, Lb. acidophilus B-3208, B. bifidum KCTC 3357, and Lb. plantarum inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. For their immunomodulation activity, the cell wall fractions from Lb. acidophilus DDS-1 and Lb. acidophilus B-3208 showed the highest bone marrow cell proliferation activities. However, the cell wall fractions of Lb. acidophilus DDS-1 and B. bifidum, and the cytosol fraction of Lc. lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962 showed higher macrophage stimulation activities than those of the other bacteria. Since Lb. acidophilus DDS-1 and Lb. acidophilus B-3208 satisfy the requirements for probiotics, they can be considered suitable probiotic bacteria.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 1993

Since discovery of X-rays, radiotherapy has evolved into one of the most scientific branches of medicine and has established its role as the primary line or the secondary line of attack, after surgery, in the treatment of malignant cancers. Nowadays its importance is illustrated by the fact that as many as 70 per cent of all pastients with cancer will receive radiation therapy at sometime during their disease process. Biologic effects of X-rays began to be apparant soon after the discovery by Roentgen in 1895. In clinical radiotherapy, the biologic endpoint of most importance is loss of cellular reproductive ability or clonogenicity. One of the commonest ways to assess cell survival is to use an in vitro plating assay. We analyzed radiation effect on colony formation of HaLa.S3(SC) cell line and obtained results are as follows: The plating efficiency is 0.464. The shape of cell survival curve is similar to multi-target plus single hit component model. Estimated values of Do, Dq, and extrapolation number are 150 cGy, 80 cGy and 1.7 respectively. We reported these experimental data with review of literature.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.284-290
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• 2023

Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is used for the treatment of hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but long-term use can cause osteoporosis. In this study, the effect of ADV on the osteocyte maturation process was evaluated at the level of undifferentiated cells using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts (MG63). First, MSCs and MG63 cells were treated with ADV at different concentrations, and then a Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis was performed to determine the effect on the proliferation of each cell. Additionally, crystal violet and Hoechst staining were performed for the morphological analysis of each cell and nucleus. To determine the cause of cell hypertrophy, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression was investigated, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity were measured to determine the degree of differentiation of the MSCs and MG63 cells into mature osteocytes. The results confirmed that the ADV increases the expression of TGF-β in MSCs and MG63 cells, causing cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, and can cause osteoporosis by inhibiting cell proliferation and affecting the differentiation of mature osteocytes. Therefore, it is believed that these results can be used as a basis for understanding the adverse effects of ADV at a cytological level in basic medicine and clinical research.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2002

5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT; serotonin) system has been implicated in the modulation of male sexual behaviors and the secretion of reproductive hormones. In human males, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors(SSRIs) are known to improve the major male sexual dysfunction, premature ejaculation, through the central nervous system-mediated pathways. As numerous hormone and local factors, 5-HT may have peripheral role in the regulation of male sexual function. The expression of 5-HT receptor subtypes in the target tissue, however, has not been explored yet. The present study was undertaken to test whether the 5-HT receptor subtypes are expressed in the reproductive tissues of male rat, especially in ejaculatory machinery such as seminal vesicle and vas deferens. To do this, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis were employed. The transcripts for the 1A, 1B and 2C subtypes of 5-HT receptor were amplified in all the tested tissues. The present study demonstrated the expression of 5-HT receptor in the rat ejaculatory machinery, suggesting that 5-HT may play a pivotal role in the male sexual function via not only central pathway but also peripheral route. Further study on the receptor subtype-specific effect and their harmonized mode of action will be needed to establish the understanding of ejaculation mechanism and drug design.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2010

Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) has been identified to have various biological activities. This study was performed to investigate the potential of chaga mushroom as a immunomodulating functional food. When mouse splenocytes were exposed to various concentration of hot water extracts of chaga mushroom (IOE) with mitogens (Con A, LPS), splenocytes proliferation was significantly increased. Also, IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 levels were significantly enhanced. Therefore, our results suggest that chaga mushroom may have the potential of being an immunomodulating functional food.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2003

To determine whether or not bisphenol A affects the Immune system, female ICR mice were treated bisphenol A (BPA) orally at the doses of 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. Four days before enumerating Plaque -forming cells (PFCs) mice were immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). The spleen cellularity and PFC/spleen were significantly reduced by 30-day exposure to BPA (1,000 mg/kg/day), but the PFC/10$\^$6/ spleen cells was slightly decreased.. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to BPA for 30 days were cultured in the presence of LPS, Con A or PHA with IL-2, the lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo was not significantly suppressed by BPA. Our present results indicated that 30-day exposure of mice to BPA might have mild immunotoxic potential.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the potential of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a immune-modulating functional food by assay of splenocytes proliferation and induction of cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4) in vitro. When mouse splenocytes were exposed to various concentration (0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50 mg/ml) of pear methanol extracts (P-M) without mitogens, splenocytes proliferation (SP) was significantly increased. Also, SP to mitogens, concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were significantly increased by P-M when compared with controls. When splenocytes were cultured with P-M in the presence of Con A, cytokine (IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4) levels in culture supernatant were significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner except 2.5 mg/ml when compared with control group. Therefore, our study suggest that the pear has the potential of being an immune-modulating functional food.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2003

팽이버섯 균사체를 액체배양하여 전통 장류 발효식품및 음료개발에 이용할 목적으로 7종류의 곡물에 배양한 팽이버섯 배양액의 생리활성을 검토하였다 혈전 용해능은 골목 배양액과 침전물사이에는 차이가 없었으며, 대체로 조, 대두박 및 검정콩 배지에서 혈전용해능이 높게 나타났다. 항균력은 S.aureus에 대해서는 밀, 보리 및 검정콩이 높았고, L. plantarum에 대해서는 조, 밀 및 보리가 높았으며, E.coli에 대해서는 밀과 보리 배지에서 배양한 배양액이 높게 나타났다. Linoleic acid에 대한 항산화 효과는 곡물배지 자체에서는 검정콩, 대두박 및 합성배지에서 높게 나타났고, 팽이버섯을 배양했을 때는 검정콩배지의 항산화력과 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 비장세포의 증식능은 보리, 밀, 조 및 합성배지에 팽이버섯을 배양하였을 때가 곡물자체에서보다 약 20% 정도 높게 나타났다. ConA를 버섯배양 추출물에 혼합했을 때는 옥수수, 대두박 및 검정콩에서 팽이버섯을 배양한 배양액이 $22\sim26%$ 정도의 증식효과가 있었으며, LPS를 혼합했을 경우는 옥수수, 대두박, 검정콩배지에 배양한 배양액이 각각 45%, 25%,18%의 증식효과가 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1621-1628
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• 2015

The immune system plays an important role in maintaining and protecting human health. In the present study, comparison of immuno-modulatory activities between polysaccharides (SFP) and ethanol (SFE) extracts separated from Sargassum fulvellum in macrophages and murine splenocytes were investigated. Immuno-modulatory activities of macrophages were estimated based on cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cytokine production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and lipopolysaccharide was used as a positive control. SFP and SFE treatment did not affect cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and SFP treatment significantly increased NO and cytokine production ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$), whereas SFE did not contribute to the increase in NO and cytokine production. In the case of splenocytes, SFP treatment increased splenocyte proliferation and also highly increased production of Th-1 type cytokines (IL-2 and $IFN-{\gamma}$) than those of SFE. Through this study, we confirmed that immuno-modulatory activities of Sargassum fulvellum may be due to polysaccharide extracts and this can be a potential nutraceutical.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.603-608
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• 2014

Pleurotus ostreatus have been used as a traditional remedy and food source. Its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation effects have been previously reported. The production of cytokines (IL-$2{\beta}$, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$) secreted by LPS- and non LPS-stimulated macrophages, were detected by ELISA assay using a cytokine kit. Mouse splenocytes proliferation increased with Pleurotus ostreatus water extracts supplement at 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ after a 48hr pre-treatment with the mitogen (ConA or LPS). The cytokine production (IL-$2{\beta}$, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$), measured by a cytokine ELISA kit, increased on water extracts supplementation. This in vitro study suggested that supplementation with Pleurotus ostreatus water extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocyte proliferation and enhancing cytokine production.