• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effect of green-ye1low vegetables on the mutagenicities induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Salmonella assay system and also their inhibitory effect on AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells were studied. Twenty-four items from twenty six kinds of vegetables(92%) revealed antimutagenic activity toward MNNG (p< 0.0l, 0.05). Perilla leaf, Korean cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, mustard leaf, water dropwort, small water dropwort, carrot and burdock inhibited the mutagenicity more than 80%. The methanol extracts of the vegetables also showed the antimutagenic activity toward NDMA (p< 0.01, 0.05). Especially, perilla leaf, kale, soybean sprout and onion inhibited more than 80% of the NDMA induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA100. Small water dropwort and perilla leaf exhibited the strong inhibitory effect (97~100%) on the growth of the AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells. Soybean sprout, water dropwort, broccoli, crown daisy, green red pepper, red pepper leaves, spinach, cabbage and sweet potato also inhibited growth of the cancer cells (p < 0.001~0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2001

Ras는 세포의 성장과 분화 등 여러 필수적인 세포기능에 없어서는 안될 중요한 역할을 담당하며 Ras가 mutation되면 암 등의 치명적인 결과를 초래한다. Ras 발현은 유방암에서 tumor aggressiveness의 지표로 간주되고 있으며 유방세포의 침습성과 연관이 있다고 알려져 있으므로 ras가 전이과정에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 본 연구의 선행연구결과, H-ras와 N-ras 모두 transformed phenotype을 나타내지만 H-ras 만이 암전이에 있어서 중요한 침윤성을 유도하는 것을 밝혔다. 이 결과는 MCF10A 세포에서 H-ras와 N-ras에 의한 신호전달경로가 각각 다른 생물학적 전이활성을 나타냄을 시사한다. 세포의 이동성은 침습성에 있어서 결정적인 역할을 하므로, 본 연구에서 H-ras와 N-ras로 형질전환된 MCF10A세포에서 이동성을 시험한 결과, 세포의 이동성이 N-ras가 아닌 H-ras MCF10A 세포에서만 크게 증가된다는 것을 보았다. 이는 침습성을 나타내는 H-ras가 세포의 이동성을 증가시키는데 작용한다는 것을 말한다. H-ras에 의해 유도된 침습성과 이동성에 대한 분자적 기전에 관하여 연구하기 위하여 H-ras MCF10A와 N-ras MCF10A 세포에서 Ras의 downstream effector들, 특히 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKinases)들인 JNK1, ERK, p38의 활성화를 살펴본 결과 p38 MAPKinase가 H-ras MCF10A 세포에서 현저하게 활성화됨을 보았다. p38 MAPKinase 저해제인 SB203580를 처리하던지 dominant negative p38 (DN p38) transfectant로 p38을 불활성화시켰을 때 세포침습성 및 이동성이 저해되는 결과를 얻었다. SB203580 처리한 H-ras MCF10A 세포에서 전이에 관여하는 효소인 MMP-2 분비가 감소되었다. H-ras에 의해 유도된 침습성과 이동성은 DN JNK1 transfectant에서는 변화가 없었으나 DN MEK transfectants에서는 유의성있게 감소되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, MCF10A 세포의 침윤성과 이동성에는 p38 MAPKinase 활성이 중심적인 역할을 하며, JNK 활성은 영향을 미치지 않고, ERK-1/2 활성은 충분하지는 않으나 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.546-554
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• 2020

Natural food additives have recently attracted attention as alternatives to synthetic additives. However, little information is available regarding their potential toxicity. In this study, we evaluated ten different natural food additives that are widely used in commercial foods in South Korea based on their actual usage level and daily intake. The results showed that none of the tested natural additives exhibited cytotoxicity in terms of inhibition of cell proliferation/viability and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Additionally, the tested natural food additives did not generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas they significantly decreased intracellular ROS levels produced by hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, none of the tested natural additives affected cell proliferation and viability in 2D and 3D intestinal epithelium models. Taken together, the ten natural food additives did not exhibit cytotoxicity in their actual usage levels. These findings can be used to further assess the toxicity of natural food additives.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.639-646
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• 2005

In this research, we tried to develop the application method to water management and treatment using toxicity test method. When we measure the toxicity of environmental samples, we have to decide whether we take some countermeasures to reduce the toxicity or not. The first issue is how to set these action levels in each bioassays. A new idea was attempted to authorize indirect approach of each bioassays through the response characteristics against mixture of chemicals in water quality standard. The significant response in the cell-growth-inhibition bioassay was detected for standards-mixture(STDs). For acute toxicity assay, STDs-based implicit correlation between risks to humans and bioassay data showed a rational approach to set action levels in practical management. A simple model was proposed to describe and predict the changes in the total toxicity based on the concentrations of toxic-controlling chemicals during the ozonation of landfill leachates. On the basis of this simple model, toxicity reduction was predicted for pre-aggregation treatment before ozonation and ozone concentration during the ozonation. The method proposed in this study would be useful in optimizing water treatment processes and their running conditions in terms of the toxicity reduction efficacy.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.92-98
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• 1988

The present study was performed to find the effects of ginseng and its saponins. which is written in Chung Yao Ta Tsu Tien as anti-amnesia in its chief indication. on experimental amnesia in mice. In the step through test. ginsenoside $Rb_1\;(GRb_1)\;and\;GRg_1$ facilitated the registration of memory and antagonized the electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced inhibition of the retention of memory. Moreover. $GRg_1$ antagonized the EtOH-induced inhibition of the retrieval of memory. In the step down test. $GRb_1\;GRb_2\;and\;GRg_1$ antagonized the ECS-induced inhibition of the retention of memory. Moreover. $GRg_1$ antagonized the EtOH-induced inhibition of the retrieval of memory and facilitated the acquisition of short term memory. In the shuttle hox and lever press tests. they have no effects on acquisition and retrieval of memory. except $GRb_1\;GRb_1$ depressed the retrieval of conditioned avoidance response in the shuttle box test. After the end of four tests. the effects of these orally administered drugs on sedative. analgesic. antipyretic and anticonvulsant actions. and on spontaneous and exploratory movements were tested in doses of less than 500mg/kg. but they had none of these effects. Present study may indicate that $GRg_1$ had effects on the retrieval of memory and on the acquisition process of learning response. The recent research on the role of NGF for the survival. regeneration and regulation of brain in adult animals. indicated the importance of NGF on dementia and amnesia. During our research on the specificity of the neurite out growth induced by NGF. we found that the effect of NGF was potentiated by $GRb_1$ in organ cultures of chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia. Then. the effect of $GRb_1$ on neuronal cell survivalin cell culture system was studied. $GRb_1$ potentiated the NGF-mediated increase of neurofilaments in cell cultures of chick embryonic sensory and sympathetic neurons. NGF with $GRb_1$ also showed a tendency to increase the number of surviving neurons of rat embryonic cerebral cortex. NGF increased choline acetyl transferase activity in cell cultures of rat embryonic septum area neurons. but $GRb_1$ did not potentiate NGF activity in cell cultures of rat embryonic septum area neurons. Present study may indicate that $GRb_1$ plays an important role for the survival or regeneration of neurons in the brain.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2002

To develop a yeast strain of Pichia pastoris producing an antibacterial peptide, we have attempted the expression and secretion of an insect defensin. The nucleotide sequences corresponding to mature defensin were chemically synthesized by 6 oligomers, assembled in vitro and the synthesized gene was identified by nucleotide sequencing. The prepro sequence of yeast mating factor $\alpha$1 and the defensin gene were recombined into a Pichia expression vector, pPIC9K. The resulting plasmid, pPIDE, was transformed into P. pastoris GSl15 and transformants selected on histidine-deficient minimal plates were tested for antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus. Four strains with different antibacterial activity were selected for further analysis. Southern hybridization and RT-PCR verified the defensin gene was maintained and transcribed in a host. Four strains were cultivated in YPD broth for 96 hours to compare cell growth and antibacterial activity, They showed no difference in cell growth, however, each strain showed different antibacterial activity pattern with culture time. The maximal activity was about 550 AU/ $m\ell$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1507-1514
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• 2017

The purpose of this study aimed at examining the antiproliferative effect of kimchi (kimchi B) adding mistletoe extract known as an anticancer function to improve the functions of kimchi. The study investigated the antiproliferative effect through hemocytometer counts and MTT assay, apoptosis induction through DAPI staining, and mRNA expression through RT-PCR using human lung carcinoma A549 cells. The standardized kimchi (Kimchi A) was used as a control group. As a result of hemocytometer counts and the MTT assay, it was found that kimchi samples inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Kimchi B induced apoptosis in A549 cells through DAPI staining. The apoptosis induced by kimchi B was associated with the increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and with the decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Also, kimchi B influenced the increase in the expression of p21 mRNA, but did not have the effect on the expression of p53 mRNA. In conclusion, the antiproliferative effect of kimchi B was due to apoptosis induced by increasing Bax and decreasing Bcl-2, and increasing p21. The findings will be utilized to develop kimchi with the improved function for the patients having cancer.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

The mixture of botanical antimicrobial agent-citurs product and ginseng extract mixture(BAACG) was applied to garlic stalk or pork cooked in soysauce to extend their selflife. BAACG showed a remarkable antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of food-borne infection microorganisms and thermal and pH stability. In comparison with scanning electron microscopic photos of microbial cells not-treated and treated with BAACG the physiological cytomembrane function of BAACG-treated microorganisms was destroyed and the dead cell numbers was increased. The quality of garlic stalk or pork cooked in soysauce was controlled by the addition of BAACG in their raw materials. BAACG-treated garlic stalk or pork cookeries showed considerably to decrease the numbers of total cell count and expressed no odor and no sticky state appeared in the control. BAACG was expected to be a preservative agent which could be applied to raw or processed food stuffs in the view of food safety.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.25
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• pp.49-62
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• 2006

생명공학의 시대로 일컬어 지고 있는 오늘날, 재생의학 분야에서는 난치성 질환 치료를 목적으로 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히, 줄기세포를 이용한 세포 대체치료 관련 연구는 최근 국내 황우석 박사의 체세포 핵이식 배아세포주 확립에 이르기 까지 괄목할 만한 발전을 보여 주고 있다. 이와 관련해 생명보험산업에 적잖은 파장이 예상되며, 생명보험사 내부적으로 기존에 판매된 상품의 사차손 관리와 함께 급속도로 발전하는 줄기세포 연구에 직접적으로 대응하는 상품개발, 언더라이팅, 지급 심사 등 보험사 내외에서의 전방위적인 변화가 필요하다는 문제 제기가 있다. 줄기세포란 조직 분화 과정에서 볼 수 있는 세포이며 근육 뼈 뇌 피부 등 신체의 어떤 기관으로도 전환할 수 있는 만능세포로서, 간 폐 심장 등 구체적 장기를 형성하기 이전에 분화를 멈출 배아 단계의 세포를 말한다. 한편, 성체줄기세포는 조직이나 기관의 분화된 세포들 사이에서 발견되는 미분화 세포로써, 자기 스스로 증식할 수 있으며, 조직이나 기관의 특수한 기능을 가지고 있는 세포로 분화할 수 있는 능력을 가진 신체줄기세포를 말한다. 배아줄기세포와 생체줄기세포를 통한 장기이식 등 난치병 정복은 윤리적, 사회적으로 많은 논란이 예상되며, 기술적으로도 해결해야 할 문제점들이 산적해 있기 때문에 아직은 요원한 것이 사실이다. 현재 유럽 대부분의 나라와 미국에서는 인간 배아의 복제가 금지되어 있으며, 일본 정부는 연구용 배아 복제를 제한적으로 허용하고 있다. 하지만, 우리 나라의 경우 2005년 1월에 '생명윤리 및 안전에 관한 법'이 발효되었지만 정부는 관련 부작용에 대한 깊은 고찰 없이 전폭적인 지원들 약속하고 있는 실정이다. 줄기세포 연구의 발달로 인해 인류가 난치병 치료의 첫 장을 열었다고 하더라도 그 영향이 당장 보험사에 미친다고 할 수는 없다. 왜냐하면 앞으로 이러한 신기술이 실제 의료행위에 적용되기 위해서는 여러 단계의 안정화 작업과 임상시험이 필요한데 이러한 작업이 기술적으로 어렵고 그 시간도 만만치 않게 걸리기 때문이다. 또한, 보험사의 보장은 크게 사망/수술/입원/암/기타보장으로 구별할 수 있는데, 줄기세포 연구의 발달과 관련이 있는 보장이 제한되어 있어 보험사에 미치는 영향이 당장 우려할 만한 수준이라 할 수 없다. 하지만 만약 치료용 줄기세포 배양으로 인한 장기 기관의 이식이나 손상세포의 대체 등과 같은 의학신기술의 예상 외로 급격하게 발전한다면 보험사의 Risk 관리에 상당한 저해요인으로 작용할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 진단 입원 수술로 대표되는 생존보장에 대한 사차 Risk 및 사차손의 급증이나 역선택 증가는 보험사의 경영수지 악화를 유발하여 보험산업 전반에 위험으로 작용할 수도 있다. 따라서, 장기적인 안목으로 업계 공동의 대응이 필요하고, 각 사에서도 상품개발, 언더라이팅, 지급심사 간의 긴밀한 협조가 요구된다. 생명보험산업의 Risk 관리는 기존의 시장환경에 영향을 받는 비차, 이차중심에서 보험회사가 어느 정도 관리를 통해 적정규모를 유지할 수 있는 사차로 그 중심축이 이동하고 있다. 보험산업이 계속 활력을 갖고 성장하기 위해서는 체계적인 Risk나 관리가 핵심일 것이며, 보험사의 사차 Risk의 중요성이 더욱 커져 가고 있는 현실에서 거시적으로 의학신기술 발달 등 위험요인에 대해 미리 분석하고 이에 대한 대비책 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2008

Cell proliferation inhibitory effects of homoharringtonine (HHT), an active drug substance in Cephalotaxus koreana, against blood cancer cell line K562 were evaluated. In addition, in vivo chronic toxicity test with mouse was carried out. When K562 cell line was treated everyday for 9, 6, 3 days, $IC_{50}$ values of HHT were determined as 0.27, 0.37, and 1.10 mM respectively. The anticancer activity of HHT was comparable to adriamycin, a known anticancer drug compound for blood cancer treatment. in vivo chronic toxicity test of the HHT, the number of red blood cell (RBC) showed no significant difference. From the analysis of the liver-functional enzymes in blood, all of liver damage related enzymes such as glutamate-oxalate-transferase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate-transferase (GPT), cholesterol (Chol) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no significant change. However, from the histologic test, a neutrophil of the band type in liver tissue was observed.