• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1164-1168
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• 2011

This study evaluated the soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method in soils (6 sites for immatured paddy, 9 sites for normal paddy, and 5 sites for sandy paddy) in Gyeongnam Province. The soil microbial biomass carbon content in normal and sandy paddy were 1,235 and $441mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, showing the soil microbial biomass carbon content in normal paddy was higher than that in sandy paddy. The soil organic matter contents $33g\;kg^{-1}$ of immatured and normal paddy were higher than sandy paddy $18g\;kg^{-1}$ (p<0.05). The communities of total bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in normal paddy were significantly higher than those in sandy paddy (p<0.05). Total bacteria communities should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.617-625
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• 2021

To enhance the applications of apple pomace, which is a by-product of apple, this study analyzed the nutritional components, ursolic acid content, and antioxidant activity of different solvent (distilled water, fermented alcohol, and methanol) extracts. The samples included hot air-dried and freeze-dried apple pomace. The moisture, protein, fat, ash, and total dietary fiber contents of hot air-dried apple pomace were 3.2%, 3.9%, 2.4%, 2.0%, and 28.5%, respectively, and those of freeze-dried apple pomace were 8.2%, 3.4%, 2.4%, 1.8%, and 33.0%, respectively. Ursolic acid was not detected in the distilled water extract of either sample. However, in hot air-dried apple pomace, the methanol extract was 1,753.32 ㎍/ml, and the fermented alcohol extract was 1,532.94 ㎍/ml. In freeze-dried apple pomace, the methanol extract was 1,407.04 ㎍/ml, and the fermented alcohol extract was 1,221.81 ㎍/ml. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 306.7 ㎍/ml and 950.1 ㎍/ml, respectively in methanol extracts of hot air-dried apple pomace and 277.6 ㎍/ml and 925.0 ㎍/ml, respectively in methanol extracts of freeze-dried apple pomace. 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of hot air-dried apple pomace were 73.3% in methanol extract and 59.4% in fermented alcohol extract, and those of freeze-dried apple pomace were 76.1% in methanol extract and 66.0% in fermented alcohol extract. Both samples had the lowest antioxidant activity in distilled water extracts. Similar to DPPH radical scavenging activity, both samples showed increasing 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity in the order of methanol, fermented alcohol, and distilled water. All samples had stronger reducing power than ascorbic acid (311.5 ㎍/ ml) as a positive control.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2000

The biological carbon dioxide fixation using microalgae has been known as an effective carbon dioxide reduction technology. With many environmental factors influencing microalgal productivity, the desirable cultivation factors were investigated using a green alga, Euglena gracilis. It has the high protein and vitamin E to be used as fodder. In batch culture with a photobioreactor, initial pH, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity in the optimum cultivation condition were 3.5, $27^{\circ}C$,5-10% and $520{\mu}mol/m^2/s$, respectively. After that, the optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT for the continuous cultivation was 4 days at carbon dioxide concentration of 10%. In this condition, the final dry cell weight was 1.2g/l.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 1998

An alkalophilic bacterium, the strain AC-711 as a potent producer of alkaline cellulase, was selected among many isolates from soil environments. Morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of the strain AC-711 suggested that it belongs to the genus Pseudomonas according to the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, however the G+C mol% (54.43) of its chromosomal DNA is lower than the normal values of the genus. The major cell wall fatty acids were determined as 15:0 and 17:0 anteiso. The production of alkaline CMCase by the strain was maximal when grown on the mediun containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.02% $CoCl_2$, 0.02% Tween 80, 0.5% $Na_2CO_3$, 0.8% yeast extract, pH 10.3 at $30^{\circ}C$ for 3 days, and the most of enzyme was excreted into culture mediun.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 2015

This study assessed the product quality of sponge cake added with 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of red ginseng powder. Specific gravity was found to have increased as the red ginseng powder content increased. High was decreased as the red ginseng powder content increased. Specific volume decreased as the red ginseng powder content increased. Moisture decreased as the red ginseng powder content increased. The chromaticity measurement result showed that the 'L' and 'b' of sponge cake decreased as the red ginseng powder content increased, while the chromatic 'a' value increased. The texture measurement result showed that the hardness and chewiness of sponge cake increased as the red ginseng powder content increased, while adhesiveness and cohesiveness decreased. Overall acceptability scores showed a high overall acceptability for the sponge cake made with 2% red ginseng powder.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.496-501
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• 1995

Experiments were carried out to find out the optimal condition of SCP produced by Cellulomonas sp. KL-6 and to evaluate nutritional value for the protein of this organism Intracellular- and extracellular proteins produced by this strain were estimated to be nearly maximum, $266\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}\;and\;37\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, in the medium containing 0.001% of thiamin after 5 days cultivation. When used rice straw as carbon source for the cell growth of this organism after crusing them by cutting mill, and treating them with 1.0% of NaOH and 10.0% of $NH_4OH\;at\;80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes and neutralizing continuatively them with 85% of $H_3PO_4$, SCP production rates were very increased to $1.63\;g/{\ell}$ (NaOH) and $1.47\;g/{\ell}$ (NH4OH), respectively than $0.5\;g/{\ell}$ produced in untreated rice straw. We compared their amino acids patterns with that of FAO provisional patterns. Amino acids content of strain KL-6 was excellents. However. when intended these cell mass to use in practical animal feeding test it would be advisable that destruction or lysis of cell wall should be done.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2000

For the development of enzyme detergent capable of effectively washing at low temperature, a bacterium producing alkaline protease was isolated from soil samples, and properties of the enzyme were investigated. The selected strain was Gram negative, rod shape$(0.6{\sim}0.7{\times}1.3{\sim}2.6\;{\mu}m\;in\;size)$ and motile. It had the degradation activity of aesculin, gelatin and casein, and was catalase-positive. The cell wall components was meso-DAP, and G+C mole contents was 43.3%. From these results, the strain was identified as Acinetobacter sp. KN-27. The activity of alkaline protease by this strain peaked with 3,300 D.U/mL after 36 hours in the liquid culture at $40^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were pH 9 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Alkaline protease produced by Acinetobacter sp. KN-27 has shown two active bands on the electrophoresis of native gel.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.171-173
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• 2019

The genus Cohnella, which belongs to the family Paenibacillaceae, inhabits a wide range of environmental niches. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Cohnella sp. HS21, which was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Korean fir (Abies koreana) on the top of Halla Mountain in the Republic of Korea. Strain HS21 features a 7,059,027 bp circular chromosome with 44.8% GC-content. Its genome contains 5,939 protein-coding genes, 78 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 27 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 4 noncoding RNA genes (ncRNA), and 90 pseudogenes. The bacterium contains antibiotic-related gene clusters and genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.107-112
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• 2000

One of the physiologically important ginseng diseases is red-colored phenomena (RCP) that is caused by accumulation of red-colored substances on the epidermis of ginseng roots. Although RCP severely deteriorates the quality of ginseng products, there has been little information on what red-colored substance is and how RCP occurs. Therefore, the heavy losses of cultivators and ginseng industry are suffering by RCP, For this reason, we have investigated with the morphochernical characteristics of RCP to find out main cause of it. The red-colored substances (RS) on the epidermis of red-colored ginseng (RCG) were examined using inverted light microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)and furier transform infrared (FT/IR) spectrometer. Red brown substances were accumulated in the cell wall of the epidermis from early stage to late stage of RCC. Especially, cell wall of the late stage of RCG was covered with the sub-stances with 80~ 130 fm thick. Therefore, the cell wall of RCG cannot protect the ginseng root cells from the mechanical damages, bacteria and fungi. To analyse red substances of roots, RS were isolated from epidermis of RCG and extracted using various solvents. RS is strongly insoluble but it was bleached by oxidizing agents including 12% (v/v) NaOCl. Therefore, RS was Presumed to make up of high chelation power. The proriles of FT/IR spectra or both healthy ginseng (HEG) and RCG showed a significant difference at two wavelength,2857 cm$\^$-1/(C-H) and 1032 cm$\^$-1/(S=O), respectively. Furthermore, absorption peak of 2857cm$\^$-l/ appears on the only epidermis of RCG. The other peak is shown lower absorption rate on the epidermis of RCG than that of healthy ginseng. Also, FT/IR spectra of the mixture of carboxym-ethylcellulose (CMC) and iron (Fe$\^$3+/) were very similar to RCG spectrum profiles. One of a interesting fact is that the contents of phenolic compounds at the epidermis of healthy ginseng were highest. The results of these experiments sup-port the RCP was closely related with the chemical interaction between inorganic elements (Fe) of rhizosphere and organic matters (cellulose, cellobiose, cell sap, etc.) of ginseng roots.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

The biological carbon dioxide fixation using microalgae and photo-bioreactor has been known as an effective carbon dioxide reduction technology. As algae has many other environmental factor for its growth, the desirable cultivation factors were investigated using a green alga, Euglena gracilis Z. In this study, Euglena gracilis Z showed good $CO_2$ fixation ability in high $CO_2$ concentration of 10-20% and it contained the high protein and vitamin E enough to be used as fodder. For the mass cultivation, the continuous and semi-continuous cultivation methods were employed. The optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the continuous cultivation was 4 days at carbon dioxide concentration of 10%. In this condition, the final cell number was $3.57{\times}10^6/m{\ell}$. The growth of Euglena gracilis Z increased according to the light intensity.