• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 1976

To elucidate ${\beta}$-glucosidase formation on various carbon scurces by cellulolytic bact-eia, Cellulomonas sp. CS1-1, the strain was grown on Nutrient Yeast Broth, carboxymethyl cellulose, avicel and cellobiose using a Ouickfit FVIL fermentor operated in batch, and the growth characteristics on those substrates and ${\beta}$-glucosidase distribution of extra and intracellular enzyme components were studied. The results were: 1) ${\beta}$-glucosidase was always intracellular, and was formed under all growth conditions tested, ii) but levels of relative activities were higher when the culture was grown on cellobiose and on avicel, iii) the relative activities were always maximum during the growth phase of the organism irrespective of the substrate used.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 1996

Bovine aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on the slide glass were exposed to sheared flow up to 120 hours in flow chamber to see the effect of shear stress on cell growth in wall shear stresses of 0 to 26dyn/$cm^2$. From lactate dehydrogenase concentration measurement of the circulating medium, it was shown that sheared flow in the shear stress range did not remove additional smooth muscle cells from the slide glass compared with cells in stationary condition. According to smooth muscle cell counting per$cm^2$ of the surface, smooth muscle cells grew fastest in the stationary condition. As the wall shear stress increased, the growth of cells became slower. When the wall shear stress increased over 17dyn/$cm^2$, cell growth was not observed throughout the experiment.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 1976

The present experiments were undertaken to find out the effects of ova and cummulus cells on the motiliy and movement of mouse sperms in a capillary tube modified from the microtube culture system (Cho, 1974). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The motility of the mouse sperms cultured in vitro was decreased gradually as the culture period was prolonged or the concentration of sperms was diluted with the culture medium. 2. The ova whose cummulus cells were removed have some effects of reducing the sperm motility, but this effect seems to disappear at 8 hours of culture, whereas ova-cummulus cells complex showed a motility supprression effect only after 8 hours of culture. 3. Cummulus cells or ova-cummulus complex stimulated the movement of the sperm through a capillary tube by some degree. It is, therefore, assumed that cummulus cells secrete some factors which induce the movement of the sperm toward them.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.240-247
• /
• 2001

The effect of microsparged aeration in mammalian cell bioreactor on the oxygen transfer rate and cell viability was studied. The microspargers with differ- ent micron-sized pores were used to supply oxygen to the medium. The oxygen transfer coefficients (k$_{L}$a) measured in the bioreactor were markedly increased, which is due to the increase of the contacting area between air bubbles and liquid medium when the pore size of microsparger decreases. When the impellers of two different types (square-pitch marine impeller and $45^{\circ}$ pitched flat blade impeller) were used for agitation, the k$_{L}$a values were slightly higher with the marine impeller than with the blade impeller. The detrimental effect of direct gas sparging with microsparger on mammalian cells was investigated in bubble columns with various air flow rates and different pore sized microspargers. The first-order cell death rate constant ($k_{d}$ /7) was shown to be directly proportional to the air flow rate and inversely proportional to the pore size. During the cultivation of hybridoma cells using microsparger with the pore size of $0.57\mu$m in the mammalian cell culture bioreactor, the continuous sparging caused the cell death and suppressed the cell growth. However, cells grew normally and cell viability was maintained above 90% in the logarithmic phase when the air was intermittently sparked in order to maintain the dissolved oxygen level above 20%.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.401-405
• /
• 1995

An open pond type photobioreactor for mass cultivation of S. platensis was designed and the growth parameters from different cultivation processes were compared. 0.30(1/day) of specific growth rate and 1.69(g/$\ell$) of maximum cell density were obtained from batch cultivation. In fed-batch cultivation, specific growth rate and maximum cell density were estimated as 0.22(1/day) and 1.75(g/$\ell$), respectively. Maximum biomass productively from continuous cultivation was obtained as 0.44 (g/$\ell$/day). It proves that an outdoors-mass cultivation of S. platensis considering optimal environmental condition is economically feasible. In addition, the biomass productivity was studied in two different mixing systems such as agitation and air sparging methods. The biomass productivity by an agitation method was better than that in an air sparging method.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 2010

Anoectochilus formosanus, commonly known as "Jewel Orchids", which has been used in traditional folk medicines for feber, pain, and diseases of the lung and liver in Taiwan. We artificially cultured Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet by using the bioreactor culture system for this study from Anoectochilus formosanus. Previously, several studies have been reported on pharmacological activities of lipid-metabolism, hepatoprotective activity, anti-tumor activity and immuno-stimulating effects but other efficacy were not well known as a cosmetic ingredient for skin care. In this study, we investigated the effect of melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells and lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes about Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet extract. We report that Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet extract inhibits the cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation through adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes as well as inhibition of tyorsinase activity and melanogenesis. As a result, our findings indicate that Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet extract may be the potential natural ingredient for whitening and slimming cosmetic products.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.445-450
• /
• 1992

An enhancement of the oxygen transfer rate in a 1$\ell$ bioreactor for mammalian cell culture by using a silicone rubber tubing as an oxygenator was investigated. When the silicone membrane was used to supply oxygen to the culture broth, the oxygen transfer coefficients ($k_{\iota}a$) measured in deionized-distilled water were markedly increased. Effect of surface aeration without the tubing aeration was very low under $1.0hr^{-1}$ of $k_{\iota}a$. The enhancing effects of agitation rates on $k_{\iota}a$ were much more effective than those of aeration rates. The increase of $k_{\iota}a$ with increasing tube length was observed as a result of the large surface area for oxygen supply. However, 2 m of the tube length was adequate for a 1$\ell$ vessel. The larger blade type of impeller was effective to enhance the kLa values because of its high mixing intensity. In culture medium supplemented with 5% serum, kLa values were reduced to approximately 40% probably due to the viscosity. We also obtained the normal cell concentration of $5{\times}10^6$ cells/m$\ell$ of HepG2 on microcarriers, which could be achieved in a typical bioreactor for animal cell culture.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2015

Digital microfluidic electroporation system was used for the transformation of microalgae and we have obtained higher transformation efficiency and viability than that of conventional method. Key parameters of electroporation such as pulse voltage, number, and duration time were systematically investigated for two different microalgal strains with and without cell wall. We have found that cell wall does not always have negative effects on the gene transformation of microalgae. Parallel processing of proposed digital microfluidic electroporation was demonstrated together with on chip culture of microalgae.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 1999

구강내의 교정 장치는 미생물 전파에 있어서 다양한 장소를 제공한다. 치태는 치아 우식증 발생에 있어 매우 큰 역할을 하며 미생물, 비세포성 물질로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 생체외에서 교정용에서의 인공 치태 생성에 영향을 주는 요인을 평가하는 것이다. Streptococcus mutans type c는 $CO_2$ incubator내의 $37^{\circ}C$에서 brain heart infusion broth에서 배양 되었다. 중절치에 사용하는 9개의 $.018"{\times}.025"$ standard edgewise brackets을 3개씩 비이커의 배양액에 매달았다. 3개 비이커의 배양액 pH는 각 각 pH 5.5, 7.0 그리고 8.5로 조절되었다. 5시간 후에 비이커에서 각각의 bracket을 꺼내서, bracket의 평균 무게를 측정하였다. 배지의 stirring effect를 측정하기 위하여 3개씩 $.018"{\times}.025"$ standard edgewise brackets을 2개의 비이커에 위치시켰다. 12개의 brackets을 $CaCl_2$(0.25, 1.0, 4.0 그리고 16.0mM). KCl(2.5, 10, 40 그리고 160mM) 그리고 $MgCl_2$(0.1, 0.4, 1.6, 그리고 6.4mM) 용액에 각각 매달았다. 6개의 $.018"{\times}.025"$ standard edgewise brackets, 6개의 $.022"{\times}.028"$ Roth brackets과 6개의 $.022"{\times}.028"$ Broussard brackets을 각각의 비이커 내에 매달았다. 배양액 내에서 5시간 동안 배양한 후 각각의 brackets을 근사값의 milligram 단위로 측정하였다. 그룹 사이의 차이는 Mann-Whitney와 Kruskal-Wallis tests를 이용하여 비교하였다. p value<0.05의 조건에서 이들의 차이는 통계학적 유의성을 갖는다. 5시간 동안 pH 5.5에서 배양된 Streptococcus mutans에 의해 형성된 인공 치태는 pH 7.0 이나 pH 8.5에서 배양된 것보다 작았다(p<0.05). 인공 치태는 배양하는 동안 저어졌을 때 더 많이 형성되었다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 bracket에 형성된 인공 치태는 좀 더 높은 알칼리성 배지에서 배양됨으로써, 그리고 배양 동안 배지를 저어줌으로써 유의성있게 증가하였다. 그러나 배지의 $CaCl_2,\;KCl,\;MgCl_2$의 농도와 상업적으로 다른 종류의 이용 가능한 교정용 bracket에 대해서는 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) for clinical application of periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: HGFs were treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Customized NTP device was developed for periodontal in vitro study. Cell viability was evaluated with cell counting kit-8. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8 and 6, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: When NTP was applied, the cell viability did not change significantly, and there was no difference for 6 h and 24h. When Pg LPS was treated to HGFs, the secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 was increased compared to the control group. But when the NTP was applied, the secretion of them was significantly decreased. Conclusion: NTP did not affect cell viability of HGFs. And it inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-8 and IL-6.