• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.552-558
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• 2005

Orthognathic surgery changes patient's mandibular position and environment of related anatomic structures. Many clinicians were interested in these changes and studied about this problem. However, most of them were based on two dimensional cephalogram. According to the development of image and computer system, it would be possible that the airway change is analyzed with three dimensional CT. So we tried to measure the volumetric change of airway and analyzed the relationship between the airway structure and volumetric change. Nineteen patients who experienced orthognathic surgery due to mandibular prognathism were analyzed with 3D CT data (preoperative and postoperative 6 months) and 2D lateral cephalometry. Volumetric change was measured and 3 dimensional change of related structure was assessed with simulation program ($V-works^{(R)}$, 4.0 Cybermed, Korea). Ten patients showed the decrease of airway volume change and nine showed the increase of airway volume change. Volumetric change was determined by dimensional change of mandible and hyoid bone. The dimensional positions of mandible and hyoid bone were the key factor for determining the airway change after surgery. Airway change is also predictable with the dimensional change of mandible and hyoid bone.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2000

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find the clinical characteristics of the patients who had temporomandibular joint internal derangement(ID) with disc adhesion(adhesion group) compared to only disc displacement without disc adhesion, perforation, hyperemia, and so on(ID group). Materials and methods: Thirty seven joints were included in adhesion group and 54 joints in ID group of all 174 patients(174 joints) treated surgically and had been checked periodically over 12 months at TMJ clinic of Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, between 1992 and 1997. Mouth opening range, pain during mouth opening and biting, headache, neck/shoulder pain and TMJ sound were checked his/her every visit before and after surgery. Results: The maximum mouth opening was improved significantly after postoperative 3 months in two groups(p<0.01), but adhesion group was less improved. Pain during mouth opening was improved significantly over 3 months after surgery in adhesion group(p<0.01), but in ID group 1 month after surgery. Biting pain was improved and maintained it after surgery and not significant difference between two groups. Headache and neck/shoulder pain were much improved after surgery(p<0.01), but slight relapse was found in adhesion group after 12 months. TMJ sound was more found in adhesion group after 1 month(p<0.05), but after 3 months, no significant difference was found between two groups. Conclusions: The postoperative results of adhesion group were worse than ID group. Therefore, it is considered more carefully to diagnose and treat in cases of internal derangement with adhesion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of cancer surgery is complete removal of cancer tissue and prevention of recurrence. Surgeons can change the surgical instruments after total resection of the cancer mass. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent dissemination of the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments. Authors hypothesize the possibility of local recurrence caused by the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments in the skin cancer cases. Methods: Skin cancers were induced by using DMBA-TPA two-stage carcinogenesis model in 10 of Balb/c mice. In 2-weeks, skin cancer was developed in all 10 mice. cancer cell attached surgical instruments were made by pinching the removed cancer tissue using Adson tissue forcep 10, 20, 30 times each. To count number of cancer cells in each forcep with different number of pinching was done, the forceps were washed in 30 mL of the normal saline and Cytospin preparation was done. To make recurrence models from cancer cell attached surgical instrument, three incisions were made in normal skin of each mouse, and local seeding was done by pinching subcutaneous tissue in 10, 20, 30 times each by using Adson teeth forceps mentioned above as cancer cell attached surgical instrument. Results: All skin cancers were squamous cell carcinoma. Local recurrences were developed in 7 mice (3 in 10 times forceping site, 2 in 20 times forceping and 3 in 30 times forceping). In the cytospin test, the mean number of squamous cells in 100 microscope was 28.6 in 10 times, 47.2 in 20 times, 93.6 in 30 times, respectively. P value was 0.002 in Wilcoxon-Sign test. Conclusion: The number of cell count was significantly increased as number of pinching was increased. And these cells are able to induce local recurrence by local seeding. Considering this result, authors are able to confirm that the minimal handling in cancer surgery is important factor to prevent local recurrence.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate muscle defect by ultrasonography in the patients with secondary deformities of the lip. We investigated the association between the muscle defect in the repaired cleft lip and the philtral appearance not only at resting state but also maximal puckering. Methods: From December 2006 to November 2007, 52 children were evaluated after primary or secondary cheiloplasty. Digital photographs were taken both from the front and both three quarter views in repose and at maximal pucker. Video clips were also taken in repose and at maximal pucker. A panel of four, scored the philtral ridge and dimple seen on these photographs and videos by using two visual analog scales. Eminence of the philtral ridge was scored by a 5 point grading scale, from "conspicuous groove" to "normal philtral ridge" and the philtral dimple was scored by 3 point grading scale, from "no dimple" to "prominent dimple". Ultrasound images of the upper lip were made using a linear array transducer at the resting position of the lip and evaluated by a single radiologist. Results: The philtral ridge eminence scored $2.79{\pm}0.54$ and $1.40{\pm}0.53$ at resting and maximal pucker, correlating with "flat" and "conspicous groove". The philtral dimpling scored $1.44{\pm}0.53$ and $2.27{\pm}0.66$ at resting and maximal pucker, correlating with "no dimple" and "slight dimple". Ultrasound imaging showed the average muscle dehiscence to be $3.78{\pm}2.14$ mm at resting position. Correlation between the muscle defect in ultrasound imaging and philtral ridge eminence at rest was statistically significant (p<0.050), but was not significant (p=0.756) at maximal pucker using Spearman's rank correlation. Correlation between the muscle defect in ultrasound imaging and philtral dimpling was not statistically significant both at rest (p=0.920) and at maximal pucker (p=0.815) using Spearman's rank correlation. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of the muscle defect using ultrasonography correlates with the static philtral appearance, but does not correlate with the dynamic appearance. Also, the size of the muscle defect does not show any correlation with the philtral dimpling. Our findings reveal that ultrasound imaging partially reflect static appearance of philtrum but cannot reflect dynamic appearance and suggest the need for further research to evaluate dynamic appearance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2009

Purpose: Endoscopic transnasal correction of the blowout fractures has many advantages over other techniques. But after removal of packing material, there were some patients with recurrence of preoperative symptoms. Authors tried to make a quantitative anterograde analysis of orbital volume change over whole perioperative period which might be related with recurrence of preoperative symptoms. Methods: 10 patients with pure medial wall fracture(Group I) and 10 patients with medial wall fracture combined with fracture of orbital floor(Group II) were selected to evaluate the final orbital volume change, who took 3 CT scans, pre-, postoperative and 4 months after packing removal. By multiplying cross - section area of orbit in coronal view with section thickness, orbital volume were calculated. Then, mean orbital volume increment after trauma, mean orbital volume decrement after endoscopic correction and volume increment after packing removal were found out. And we tried to find correlations between type of fracture, initial correction rate and final correction rate. Results: The mean orbital volume increment of the fractured orbits were 7.23% in group I and 13.69% in group II. After endoscopic surgery, mean orbital volume decrement were 11.0% in group I and 12.46% in group II. Mean volume increment after packing removal showed 3.10% in group I and 6.50% in group II. The initial correction rate(%) showed linear correlation with final correction rate(%) after packing removal. And there were negative linear correlation between increment percentage of orbital volume by fracture and final correction rate(%). Conclusion: Orbital volume was proved to be increasing after removal of packing or foley catheter and it was dependent upon type of fracture. Overcorrection should be done to improve the final result of orbital blowout fracture especially when there are severe fracture is present.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1999

배경: 약 11년 동안의 대동맥판막치환술에 대한 중.장기임상성적을 알아보기 위해 대동맥판막 치환술을 시행하였던 환자들을 추적관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1986년 2월부터 1997년 5월까지 134례의 대동맥판막치환술이 시행되었다. 남자가 71명, 여자가 63명이었고 평균 연령은 38.9세였으며 최저 17세에서 최고 70세의 연령범위를 보였다. 결과: 동반된 수술은 승모판치환술(62례), 승모판치환술과 삼첨판성형술(14례), 대동맥륜확대술(16례), Cabrol 술식(10례) 등이었다. 119개의 기계판막과 15개의 조직판막이 치환되었으며 21 mm 이하의 작은 판막이 68례에서 치환되었다. 술후 조기 합병증은 35례에서 발생하였는데 이 중 울혈성심부전 9례, 저심박출증 6례, 술후 출혈 5례, 흉막 삼출액 5례 등의 발생빈도를 보였다. 조기사망은 13례(9.7%)에서 발생하였으며 그 원인은 저심박출증(5례), 울혈성 심부전(2례), 범발성 혈관내 응고장애(2례) 등이었다. 총 추적기간 누계는 452.7 환자-년이었으며 평균 추적기간은 3.4$\pm$3.1 년/환자였다. 판막과 유관한 장기합병증은 9례에서 발생하였는데 항응혈제관련 출혈 4례, 심내막염 2례, 혈색전증 2례, 판막파괴 1례 등이 있었다. 추적기간 중 심장과 유관한 후기 사망은 5례(1.1%/환자-년)에서 발생하였으며 이 중 항응혈제관련 출혈이 2례, 심부전이 2례, 심내막염이 1례였다. 결론: Kaplan-Meier 방법에 의한 11년 보험 통계적 생존률은 91.0$\pm$4.3%였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2001

Objective : Cranioplasty is required to protect underlying brain, to correct major aesthetic deformities, or both. The ideal material for this purpose is autogenous bone. When this is not available, alloplastic or artificial materials may be used. In this study authors compared the infection rate according to the cranioplasty materials(the frozen autologous bone vs. bone cement), and duration of the skull defect. Materials : Between May 1994 and December 1999, 111 patients with skull defect treated with cranioplasty(82 cases of frozen autologous bone and 29 cases of artificial bone material) were included in this study. There were 77 males and 34 females with a mean age of 41.4 years(range 1-85 years). 57 patients had head trauma and 54 had non-traumatic insults. According to the duration of skull defect, there were 28 cases under 1 month, 33 cases of 1-2 months, 15 cases of 2-3 months, 20 cases of 3-6 months and 15 cases over 6 months of duration. Results : Overall infection rate was 9.9%. In cases with frozen autologous bone and artificial bone material, the infection rate was 8.5% and 13.7%, respectively. The infection rate according to the duration of skull defect was 3.6%(among 28 cases) under 1 month of age, while those were 12%(4 among 33 cases) at 1-2 months, 20%(3 among 15 cases) at 2-3 months, 5%(1 among 20 cases) at 3-6 months and 13%(2 among 15 cases) over 6 months. Accoring to the underlying disease, the infection rate in traumatic cases was 12%(7 among 57 cases) and that in non-traumatic one was 3.7%(2 among 54 cases). Conclusion : From this study, it appears that skull defect should be repaired as soon as possible, because early cranioplasty can lower the infection rate. And surgeons could save the patients' cranial bone as possible as they can because autologous bone is not only cost effective in cosmatic purpose but lower the infection rate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2010

연구목적: 이 연구의 목적은 레진 시멘트의 포스트 공간 내 적용 방법에 따른 포스트의 push-out접착 강도를 비교하는 것이었다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 30개의 발거된 하악소구치를 사용하여 시멘트의 적용 방법에 따라 세 그룹으로 나누었는데 lentulo-spiral을 이용하여 포스트 공간 내에 레진 시멘트를 적용하는 그룹 (group Lentulo), 직접 포스트 표면에 레진 시멘트를 도포하는 그룹 (group Direct), elongation tip을 이용하여 포스트 공간 내에 레진 시멘트를 적용하는 그룹 (group Elongation tip)으로 나누었다. 근관을 성형, 충전한 뒤 Rely-X post drill을 사용하여 포스트 공간을 형성하였고, Rely-X fiber post를 Rely-X Unicem 적용하여 광중합 하였다. 시편을 아크릴릭 레진에 포매 하고 저속 절단기로 치아 장축에 수직으로 절단하여, 하나의 치아에서 치관부, 중앙, 근단부의 세 개의 시편을 얻었다. 절단한 시편을 Universal Testing Machine으로 push-out 접착 강도를 측정하였다. 접착 실패가 일어난 시편을 수술용 현미경 하에서 관찰하여 그 실패 양상을 결정하였다. 결과: 치근의 위치에 따른 push-out 접착 강도는 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 전용의 elongation tip을 사용한 그룹이 가장 높은 push-out 접착 강도를 나타냈다. 결론: 레진 시멘트를 포스트에 직접 적용하거나 lentulo-spiral을 사용하는 기존의 방법에 비해 elongation tip을 사용하는 것이 self-adhesive 계면의 결함을 줄이고 근관치료한 치아의 수복 성공율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.343-347
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• 2020

메이-터너 증후군(May-Thurner syndrome)은 장골 정맥 압박 증후군으로 알려져 있고 좌하지의 총 정맥 유출로가 압박되어 부종, 통증 또는 혈전(심부정맥 혈전증)을 유발할 수 있는 상태이다. 특히 우측 총 장골 동맥과의 교차 지점에서 좌측 총 장골 정맥이 압박되는 형태가 전형적이다. 저자들은 우측 인공 슬관절 전치환술을 시행한 75세 여자 환자에서 메이-터너 증후군이 합병된 증례를 치료하였고 이를 보고하고자 한다. 수술을 시행한 후 좌측 하지의 부종과 통증에 대해 혈관 조영술 및 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 이용해 메이-터너 증후군을 진단하였다. 혈전용해제와 혈전제거술를 사용하여 혈전을 제거한 후 혈관 성형술 및 정맥 내 스텐트를 삽입하였다. 한국에서 인공 슬관절 전치환술 후 메이-터너 증후군이 합병된 증례는 보고된 바가 없다. 이에 저자들은 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 1998

본 교실에서 악교정수술을 시행한 하악전돌증 환자 37명(남자13명, 여자 24명)을 대상으로 술전, 술직후, 장기관찰기간동안의 전산화단층촬영법을 이용하여 술전 각 항목치의 평균값 그리고 하악골의 후퇴량 및 술후의 악관절 장애 여부와 하악과두의 위치변화에 따른 상관관계를 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 두부축방향 전산화단층사진에서의 과두간 거리(MM')는 $84.42{\pm}5.30mm$ 였으며, 장축각은 우측 $12.79{\pm}4.92^{\circ}$, 좌측 $13.53{\pm}5.56^{\circ}$로 좌우 비슷하였으며, 기준선(AA')에서 과두의 외측점은 11.34mm, 내측점은 6.87m 정도 전방에 위치하였다. 관상면 전산화단층사진에서의 과두간 거리(mm')는 $83.15{\pm}4.62mm$였으며, 사축각은 우측 $76.28{\pm}4.28^{\circ}$, 좌측 $78.30{\pm}3.79^{\circ}$로 좌우 비슷하였다. 2. 하악골 후퇴량에 따른 술전, 술후 장기관찰에서의 과두 위치변화를 연구한 결과, Group I에서 하악과두의 전방내측 회전의 양상을 보였고, Group II는 RMD, RCA', LCA'가 감소하여 전내측의 회전양상만이 관찰되었으며, Group III에서는 RCA, RLD, RMD, LMD가 감소하여 우측 과두의 후방내측 회전양상을 보였다. MM' 도 감소하여 하악과두간의 거리도 좁아지는 경향을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이 결과로 하악골의 후퇴량이 증가할수록 하악과두의 위치 변화가 많이 나타나는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 술후에 악관절장애를 호소하는 환자 군과 증상을 호소하지 않는 환자 군과 비교시 하악과두의 위치 변화는 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나 Group A군에서는 하악과두가 전내측의 회전양상을 보였으나, Group B 군의 경우는 좌측 과두의 전방외측 회전을 보였으며, 관상면상 단층면에서 LCA'가 많은 감소 양상을 보였다. 이와는 달리 Group C군에서 우측 과두의 후방내측 회전양상을 보였고 RCA'각의 감소 양상을 보였다. 따라서, 하악골의 후퇴량이 많은 군은 과두위치보존술을 이용함에도 불구하고 술후의 과두의 위치가 후방내측 회전을 보였다. 또한 장기관찰의 경우 원래의 관절 위치로 회귀하는 경향은 있었으나 술전의 과두의 위치보다는 증가와 감소의 경향을 보였다. 수술후의 악관절장애 증상을 호소한 군에서 과두축의 변화를 관찰하였기에, 하악의 후퇴량이 많은 경우에는 더욱더 과두보존술식에 많은 주의를 하면 술후의 악관절 장애의 발생율은 감소하리라 사료된다.