• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.527-556
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• 2019

In Korea, nearly 100 billion won is spent annually under the name of energy voucher on 600,000 households for the last five years, and this is a unique case and hard to monitor worldwide. Therefore, no studies have been conducted to assess impacts of the energy voucher on energy consumption and cost burden alleviation for beneficiaries. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of energy vouchers in terms of energy expense. The propensity score matching was conducted on samples of low-income households based on the Korea Welfare Panel. Then, simple Difference-In-Differences and Fixed-Effect Difference-In-Differences models were applied to estimate the effect of energy vouchers. In results, the beneficiaries of energy vouchers would spend an additional 4,371~4,870 won per month on energy consumption. The ratio is equivalent to 51.9~57.7 percent of the aid, which is also the highest when compared with 23~56 percent of U.S. Food Stamp. In terms of energy welfare, voucher payment could become one of the best management practices. However, identifying the blind spots as non-reciprocal households and expanding the differential support mechanism that reflects the energy consumption environment should be solved in the future.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.63-90
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• 2021

Today, venture companies are increasingly important in that they play a key role in national economic growth. However, ICT venture companies are having great difficulties in securing a sustainable competitive advantage due to rapid environmental changes, and as one of the ways to solve this problem, they rely on the government's support policy. Accordingly, this study analyzed the effect of government support on management performance of ICT venture companies. For empirical analysis, the data from the 2016 ICT venture panel survey was collected, and 687 and 538 companies were selected to analyze the effect of funding and R&D support, respectively. Then, through propensity score matching, companies that received government support and companies with similar characteristics (control group) were compared and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that funding support had a significant effect on the growth potential of ICT venture companies, and R&D support had a significant effect on the stability of ICT venture companies. This means that there is a difference in management performance of ICT venture companies depending on the type of government support. Through this study, it was possible to confirm the effect of government's policies, and various support policies for specific purposes should be pursued to foster ICT venture companies. In addition, for the continued growth of ICT venture companies in the future, it will be necessary to consider package (technology, management, commercialization, etc.) support rather than individual funding support or R&D support.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.481-499
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of smartphone use on structured social network types in the Korean elderly population. Data was derived from the 2014 survey of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean older persons collected by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. A total of 4,180 participants were selected for the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis. Based on propensity score estimates, the 491 smartphone users (treatment group) and 491 featurephone users (control group) were matched. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between smartphone use and structural social network types. The results showed that among retired older adults, people using smartphone had significantly better structured social networks than those using featurephone even after controlling for covariates. Smartphone users had the higher levels of social contact and social activity. These findings suggested empirical evidence that using smartphone positively affects structured social networks, which might be used as the basis for designing intervention programs to promote social networks and social engagement of retired older adults.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.63-88
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• 2016

This study surveyed and analyzed the labor market result when comparing the case that junior college students found a job after transferring to 4-year university with the case that they found the job directly after graduating the junior college. The difference of the occupational structure following the transfer was surveyed in detail and this study examined what effect the transfer had on the occupation status. The graduate occupation movement survey(GOMS) was used and the samples of 544 persons were extracted to use through propensity score matching(PSM) to raise the choice convenience of the sample. The occupation status index to use as a dependent variable was developed to apply. The study result is as follows. First, as a result of confirming the occupational structure of the transfer, the transfer students were distributed in more various industrial fields evenly compared to the non-transfer students in the horizontal industrial structure, and non-transfer students were intensively distributed in the certain field. In the vertical occupation status structure, transfer students were distributed in the high occupation status more than non-transfer students who were broadly distributed in the low occupation status. Second, it was revealed the college transfer was highly effective for the occupation status, which appeared statistically significantly. The explanation variable that appeared significantly outside of that included the parents' academic background, major affiliation, employment pattern, major job coincidence, and job coincidence. The higher students' academic background was, the higher the occupation status was and in case of the engineering natural science affiliation, the occupation status was higher than the humanities social science. In case of full-time workers, their occupation status was higher than one of part time workers and it was revealed the occupation status was high when the their major coincided with the job and their educational/technical level coincided with their job.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

In a situation where digital transformation using artificial intelligence is active around the world, the growth of domestic AI companies or AI industrial ecosystems is slow. Where a large amount of government funds related to AI are being invested to overcome the difficult economic situation, systematic research on the effect is insufficient. So, this study aimed to examine the policy effectiveness of the government artificial intelligence solution voucher support project for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Differences (DID) on the financial performance of beneficiary companies. For empirical analysis, PSM-DID analysis was performed using sales performance since 2019 for 461 companies with a history of voucher support among the AI SMEs data released by the National IT Industry Promotion Agency. As a result of the analysis, the beneficiary companies' asset growth, salary, and R&D expenses increased overall after government support, and no significant contribution could be confirmed in terms of profits. This study suggests that the voucher policy business directly contributed to the company's growth in the short term, but it requires a certain period of time to generate profits.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

This study examines the labor market performance of graduates who had student loans. Compared to earlier studies, we extended analyses to all jobs that were experienced for more than 18 months after graduation. First, we found that students who had student loans earned 2.81% less at their first job compared to their counterparts without student loans. Second, the wage gap decreased over time, a reduction of 0.66%p due to labor market turnovers. Third, when we compared cumulated labor income, however, the amount for borrowers were continuously higher. This is because the job searching period of a borrower was shorter, despite relatively lower wages at the first job, and borrowers also made more frequent job turnovers, accompanying relatively more wage increases. These results suggest that the negative effects of college loans on earnings, reported in previous studies, may have exaggerated the negative impact to some extent of having loans. However, when we look at the quality of jobs beyond simply wages, the proportion of borrowers working at large companies as regular workers was consistently low. Given that job conditions at the earlier stages of one's career may lead to gaps over time, our findings call for more systematic investigations into the effects that student loans have on long-term labor performance.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.157-178
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• 2022

The economy has deteriorated worldwide due to COVID-19, and the domestic economy has also been hit hard. Accordingly, the government implemented unprecedented financial support policies related to COVID-19 to solve the financial difficulties experienced by SMEs. In addition, as the spread of COVID-19 continued, the government implemented guidelines and measures along with recommendations for non-face-to-face contact. Organizations in the public and private sectors have introduced non-face-to-face work methods. Considering this situation, this study investigated the impact of COVID-19-related financial support policies on technological innovation of SMEs. External support is important for corporate innovation, but internal capabilities are also important. Therefore, the effect of entrepreneurship on product innovation was identified. In addition, as the non-face-to-face work method was activated, the effect of smart work was identified by comparing companies that introduced smart work and companies that did not. As a result of the analysis, entrepreneurship showed a positive (+) effect regardless of the introduction of smart work. Financial support policies related to COVID-19 were found to show mixed results according to the type of support.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.39-50
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• 2022

Based on the signaling theory, this study examined whether startups are more likely to attract venture investment when receiving government R&D subsidies. First, we reviewed previous studies of the investment decision-making process of venture capitalists and understood the conditions that influence investment decisions. Based on previous studies on the signal effect of government subsidies, particularly government R&D grants, on inducing private fund investment, this study revealed a mechanism to induce venture investment by startups. In addition, in order to verify whether government R&D subsidies have the effect of inducing venture investment, an empirical analysis was conducted based on data from startups under seven years and certified as a venture companies in 2021. This paper used PSM(Propensity Score Matching) method and DID(Difference In Difference) analysis for an empirical study to analyze the average treatment effect on the treated group(beneficiary startups of government R&D grants). As a result of empirical analysis, companies that receive more government R&D subsidies after starting a business are more likely to attract venture investment. From two to three years after conducting the first government R&D project, startups that received government R&D grants attracted more venture investment than those that did not. The results of this paper demonstrate that government R&D projects can also affect the venture investment ecosystem, giving policy implications to government R&D projects targeting startups. It is also expected to suggest strategic implications to startups that need new funding.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3223-3231
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• 2010

For a long time, most of advanced countries have supported the innovative firms with various support methods such as tax credit, subsidy, human resource education, and so on. Tax credit for innovation is the most popular industrial policy in these countries including Korea. However, in Korea, the effect of tax credit policy has been rarely analyzed. On the other hand, a considerable number of studies discover that tax credit policy in other countries influences positively on invest of R&D expenditure. This paper shows that tax credit policy positively influences on firm's innovation performances in Korea. The evaluated innovative effect of tax credit policy in this paper is more persuasive because it introduces various innovation performance variables including patent application with Propensity score matching method(PSM).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Objectives: It has been well documented that people on the lower socioeconomic position are significantly more likely to smoke cigarettes. The purposes of this study were (a) to identify a potential difference of socioeconomic factors, and (b) to compare a smoking rate, one of the most representative health behavior between people with/without disabilities after the controlling socioeconomic factors. Methods: The Korea Panel Survey of Employment for People of Disabilities (2012) and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2012) were employed for calculating the smoking rates of persons with/without disabilities. Results: The results demonstrated that the socioeconomic position indicators (education, occupation and household equivalent income) of persons with disabilities were lower than persons without disabilities. The smoking rates of the persons with/without disabilities were 35.9% and 19.0% respectively before propensity score matching. After propensity score matching with the socioeconomic factors, however, ATT of people with disabilities was 0.201 which is lower than ATT of people without disabilities (0.227). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the socioeconomic level of persons with disabilities is important to improve the smoking rates and health level regardless of their disabilities.