• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 1996

For the effective control of mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis, the expression vector pCYASK5-1 containing cryIVD gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 was constructed and transformed into the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. The transformants were selected on BG-11 medium containing kanamycin. The expression of cryIVD gene in transformant was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The mortality of A. sinensis larvae was scored for 3 days. Furthermore, growth and distribution rate of transformant were examined. The results showed that Synechocystis PCC6803 transformed with cryIVD gene of B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 was highly toxic to A. sinensis larvae, demonstrating that it will be a potential agent for mosquito control.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1978

The aims of this study was to elucidate the correlation between cotyledon numbers and seedling growth and some other traits of Pinus koraiensis. The results are summurized as follows; 1. A highly significant correlations between numbers of coty ledons and juvenile needles was found but no significances between cotyledon numbers and juvenile needle length, width and stomata row numbers. 2. The accessory resin canals did not begin to appear before June but began to appear only small numbers of seedling after July. It was observed that the number of accessory resin canals of juvenile leaves at various growing stages were not related with the number of cotyledons. 3. In the case of adult leaves, there was a significant difference in the number of leaves and the number of cotyledons, but no significant difference between the number of cotyledons and needle length, needle width and stomata row. 4. There were significant differences in the number of cotyledons and top height growth, and root caliper growth among individuals and due to ages. 5. Seedlings with more than 12 cotyledons showed better growth than those with 9 to 11 cotyledons.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.644-658
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• 2021

Understanding the functional traits of dominant species in urban ecosystems provides insight into species' trait adaptation and ecosystem function in response to fragmented and isolated urban vegetation and reduced biological interactions. This study compared means and variances of environmental factors (geographic, meteorological, and soil attributes) and 4 leaf traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry mass content, and leaf shape index) and 7 reproductive traits (fruit width, fruit length, fruit shape, fruit dry weight, fruit dry matter content, seed weight, and seed ratio) measured of 40 Sorbus alnifolia individuals in four mountainous areas south of Seoul downtown, South Korea. We then performed the multivariate analysis of trait combinations. While the measured environmental factors indicated the individuality of the survey sites, the urban vegetation was drier and had a longer growth period. The leaves of S. alnifolia in the urban areas were smaller and heavier, and the fruits produced longer and lighter seeds, showing the traits affected by long urbanization. The study confirmed changes in the growth and reproduction mechanism of the S. alnifolia population under the urban environment, indicating reduced biological interaction due to vegetation fragmentation and isolation. This study provides limited but distinct ecological information about the function and persistence of key species in cities with a reduced scale of biological interactions and many negative environmental factors such as air pollution.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.568-572
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• 2001

Light is one of the most important environmental factors controlling plant physiology. The human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) was produced from cell suspension cultures of transgenic tobacco under different light conditions (24 hr light, 18 hr light/dark cycle, dark). Under 24 hr light condition, cell growth was best and dry cell weight reached 14.4 g/L. Light did not influenced the secretion of total proteins. However, in the dark condition, the ratio of secreted total protein/dry cell weight was 1.5 fold higher than those of ethel conditions. Production of hGM-CSF was highest with 18 hr light condition and reached 496.5 ug/L. In addition, the content of hGM-CSf in secreted total proteins was 1.8 fold higher than that of 24 hr light condition, which is beneficial for the purificationof the protein.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1498-1504
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• 2010

A number of studies have shown that the calpain system is important in normal skeletal muscle growth. An increased rate of skeletal muscle growth can result from a decreased rate of muscle protein degradation, and this is associated with a decrease in activity of the calpain system, due principally to a large increase in calpastatin (CAST) activity. The CAST gene, mapped to BTA 7, is considered a candidate gene for beef tenderness and muscle growth. The present study used comparative sequencing of five novel polymorphisms located within exon 20 and 22 of the bovine CAST gene in Hanwoo: exon20- 109737G/A, 109749T/C, 109823T/C, exon22- 116151G/A, intron- 109926G/A. The association of the CAST SNPs with economic traits was studied. The 109926G/A showed a significant effect only on the longissimus muscle area (LMA, p<0.05) in Hanwoo. 109926G/A with the genotype GG had a significantly higher effect on LMA (75.35) than the genotype AA (69.6, p<0.05). Also, the 116151G/A showed a significant effect only on weight at 18 months (W18, p<0.05). 116151G/A with the genotype GG had a significantly higher effect on W18 (428.54) than the genotype AA (408.87, p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 1997

한국서해안 격열비열도 근해산 문치가자미의 연령과 성장을 조사하기 위하여 1992년 9월부터 1993년 8월까지 매월 정기채집한 256개체의 이석을 연령형질로서 사용하여 조사 분석한 결과를 보면, 이석의 투명대와 불투명대는 년 1회 형성되었으며 투명대 형성시기는 7월이고 불투명대 형성 시기는 2월에서 4월로 이는 산란종기(2월)와 일치함을 보였다. 연령별 체장 (LT)과 연령(t)을 von Bertalanffy 성장식에 적용하여 수컷은 Lt=313.7[1-exp{-0.4342(t+0.9017)}, 암컷은, Lt=458.1[1-exp{-0.2368(t+0.1934)}과 같은 관계식을 구하였다. 또한 암컷과 수컷의 성장속도는 2세까지는 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 3세어 이상에서는 암컷이 수컷보다 월등히 빠름을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서의 최고령어는 암수 각각 5세와 6세였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

A submerged biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBSBR) process, which liquor was internally circulated through sandfilter, was designed, and performances in swine wastewater treatment was evaluated under a condition of no external carbon source addition. Denitrification of NOx-N with loading rate in vertical and slope type of sandfilter was 19% and 3.8%, respectively, showing approximately 5 times difference, and so vertical type sandfilter was chosen for the combination with SBSBR. When the process was operated under 15 days HRT, 105L/hr.m3 of internal circulation rate and 54g/m3.d of NH4-N loading rate, treatment efficiencies of STOC, NH4-N and TN (as NH4-N plus NOx-N) was 75%, 97% and 85%, respectively. By conducting internal circulation through sandfilter, removal performances of TN were enhanced by 14%, and the elevation of nitrogen removal was mainly attributed to occurrence of denitrification in sandfilter. Also, approximately 57% of phosphorus was removed with the conduction of internal circulation through sandfilter, meanwhile phosphorus concentration in final effluent rather increased when the internal circulation was not performed. Therefore, It was quite sure that the continuous internal circulation of liquor through sandfilter could contribute to enhancement of biological nutrient removal. Under 60g/m3.d of NH4-N loading rate, the NH4-N level in final effluent was relatively low and constant(below 20mg/L) and over 80% of nitrogen removal was maintained in spite of loading rate increase up to 100g/m3.d. However, the treatment efficiency of nitrogen was deteriorated with further increase of loading rate. Based on this result, an optimum loading rate of nitrogen for the process would be 100g/m3.d.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

Present study was aimed to summary the recent reports of chromosomal technology such like a polyploidv, sex differentiation, gynogenesis, transgenic fish and gene manipulation. Triploid cells for rainbow trout and channel catfish were induced through thermal shocks of varying temperature levels and produced as a industrial use. A monosex fish with homogametic females of 15 species of high valued fish were produced by exposing to irradiation. It seemed that different irradiation was suitable to inactivate the sperm and block the formation in producing the gynogenetic diploids. Since 1985, transgenic fish have been successfully produced by microinjecting or electroporating desired foreign DNA into unfertilized or newly fertilized eggs using about 40 fish species. More recently, transgenic fish have also been produced by infecting newly fertilized eggs with pantropic, defective retroviral vectors carrying desired foreign DNA. These transgenic fish can serve as excellent experimental models for basic scientific investigations as well as in marine biotechnological applications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1258-1267
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• 2014

Developing economic traits with a high growth rate, robustness, and disease resistance in livestock is an important challenge. RFLP and AFLP are the classical methods used to develop economic traits. Whole-genome-based economic traits have recently been detected with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. However, NGS technologies are rather costly for use in studies, and RNA-seq, RAD-Seq, RRL, MSG, and GBS have been used to overcome the issue of high costs. In this study, recent NGS-based studies were reviewed, particularly those that focused on minimum costs and maximum effects. Then, we presented further prospects on how to apply for selection of high economic-trait livestock.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2001

To study the signaling effect of growth hormone (GH) in vivo on animal physiology, transgenic mice containing GH Receptor (GHR) gene fused to metallothionein promoter were produced by DNA microinjection into one-cell stage embryos. Three founder mice were produced with transgenic mice with approximately 4~6 copies of GHR genes and transgene was transmitted into the progeny. The founder mice were mated with normal mice to produce F$_1$ mice, and intergation and transmission of transgene were checked by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot methods. Transmission rate of GHR transgenic mice were 20~50% in F$_1$ generation and 50% in F$_2$ generation which means that some founder mice were mosaic and transgene in F$_1$ mice was transmitted to F$_2$ progeny with Mendelian ratio. Death rate of GHR transgenic mice after birth was about 10~30% in F$_1$ and F$_2$ progenies indicating that GHR gene may affect death of transgnenic progeny.