• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

Droughts are one of the abiotic stresses that hinders the growth and productivity of crop plants. Coping with abiotic stress is necessary to understand the molecular regulatory networks that makes plants respond to adverse environmental conditions. In our experiment to find a combination that can cope with abiotic stress (respond to drought), we screened 5 stress-inducible promoters that are expressed only under stress conditions. This founded 36 cis-elements in stress-inducible promoters. With the result we designed 2 synthetic promoters (BL1, BL2) for fine-controlled regulation by assembling cis-elements from the native promoters, which are expressed only under stress caused by droughts. Analysis of the transgenic plant (BL1-GUS, BL2-GUS) showed that the synthetic promoters increased the expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in transgenic plants under desiccation. Also in the transient activation assay demonstrated that synthetic promoters induced the co-transformation of effector DREB1A and DREB2C. These results expect that the synthetic promoter with a combination of drought-specific elements can be used to respond to various abiotic stress and is resistant to stress without causing growth retardation.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.183-193
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• 2022

The growth inhibitory effect of Microcystis aeruginosa according to the ultrasonic irradiation time was evaluated using a large algae sample volume (10 L) for various ultrasonic irradiation times (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 hr) at a laboratory scale. Based on the analysis of Chl-a and cell number of M. aerginosa, algae growth inhibition was observed with the decrease in Chl-a and cell number in all experimental groups after the ultrasonic irradiation. For the experimental group (T_B, T_C, T_D) with an ultrasonic irradiation time of less than 2 hours, rapid regrowth of algae was observed after growth inhibition, but the experimental group (T_E, T_F, T_G) with an irradiation time of more than 2 hours successfully inhibited algal growth lasting one or two more days. Based on the comparison of the recovery time to initial cell number the experimental group (T_B, T_C, T_D) took less than 20 days whereas the experimental group (T_E, T_F, T_G) took about 30 days. Correspondingly, the experimental group showed a high first order decay rate (𝜅) in proportion to the ultrasonic irradiation time during the growth inhibition period. Additionally, the specific growth rates (𝜇) during regrowth in the experimental group with irradiation time of more than 2 hours were relatively low compared to those in the experimental group with less than 2 hours. Therefore, ultrasonic irradiation for more than 2 hours is required for long-term (30 days) inhibition of algal growth in stagnant waters. However, the appropriate ultrasonic irradiation time for algae growth inhibition should be determined according to various field conditions such as the volume of stagnant water, water depth, flow rate, algae concentration, etc. Finally, damages to the algal cell surface and cell membrane were clearly observed, and both destruction and disturbance of gas vesicles of M. aeruginosa in the experimental group were discovered, indicating the growth inhibitory effect of Microcystis aeruginosa according to the ultrasonic irradiation time was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1997

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein that mediates the growth and differentiation of erythroid progenitors. In order to produce recombinant human erythropoietin in tobacco plant, the EPO genomic DNA (5.4 kb) was cloned into plant expression vectors, pBI$\Delta$GUS121, pBD$\Delta$GUS121 and pPEV-1, and introduced in Nicotiana tabacum (var. Xanthi) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. After selection on MS media containing kanamycin (Km), 10 Km-resistant plants were obtained per each construct. The correct integration of EPO genomic DNA in the genome of transgenic plant was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Northern blot showed that transcripts of 1.8 kb length were produced in leaves of the plants, but there was no difference of mRNA amount according to promoter number and 5'-untranslated sequence (UTS). The proteins obtained from leaves of transgenic plants were immunologically detected by Western blot using rabbit anti-human EPO polyclonal antibody. The expressed protein appeared as smaller band of apparent mass of 30 kDa as compared to the EPO protein from human urine (37 kDa), suggesting that the modification (glycosylation) system in tobacco plant might be different from that of mammalian cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.429-444
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• 1988

Considering the recent trent toward the development of multiple-use of forest trees, investigations for comprehensive information on these young stands of Hinoki cypress are necessary for rational forest management. From this point of view, 83 sample trees were selected and cut down from 23-ear old stands of Hinoki cypress at Changsung-gun, Chonnam-do. Various stem growth factors of felled trees were measured and canonical correlaton analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis were applied to investigate the stem growth characteristics, relationships among stem growth factors, and to get potential information and comprehensive information. The results are as follows ; Canonical correlation coefficient between stem volume and quality growth factor was 0.9877. Coefficient of canonical variates showed that DBH among diameter growth factors and height among height growth factors had important effects on stem volume. From the analysis of relationship between stem-volume and canonical variates, which were linearly combined DBH with height as one set, DBH had greater influence on volume growth than height. The 1st-2nd principal components here adopted to fit the effective value of 85% from the pincipal component analysis for 12 stem growth factors. The result showed that the 1st-2nd principal component had cumulative contribution rate of 88.10%. The 1st and the 2nd principal components were interpreted as "size factor" and "shape factor", respectively. From summed proportion of the efficient principal component fur each variate, information of variates except crown diameter, clear length and form height explained more than 87%. Two common factors were set by the eigen value obtained from SMC (squared multiple correlation) of diagonal elements of canonical matrix. There were 2 latent factors, $f_1$ and $f_2$. The former way interpreted as nature of diameter growth system. In inherent phenomenon of 12 growth factor, communalities except clear length and crown diameter had great explanatory poorer of 78.62-98.30%. Eighty three sample trees could he classified into 5 stem types as follows ; medium type within a radius of ${\pm}1$ standard deviation of factor scores, uniformity type in diameter and height growth in the 1st quadrant, slim type in the 2nd quadrant, dwarfish type in the 3rd quadrant, and fall-holed type in the 4 th quadrant.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2000

Growth of Ammodytes personatus was investigated based on the specimens collected in the costal waters of Shinsudo, Sacheon from March 20 to December 14, 1988. Age determination based on otolith. The rings in the otolith were used as the basis for age annulus. The time of ring formation was estimated to one time per year in May far 1st ring group and March for 2nd ring group. The spawning season peaked in December. It takes approximately 16 months for the first ring and 11 months for the second ring to form in the otolith. The opaque zone was formed and marked over summer at 1st ring group and spawning mark at 2nd ring group. The relationship between the total length(TL) and otolith radius(R), and body weight(BW) were represented respectively as follows: TL=29.17+182.9R, BW=$4.9{\times}10^{-8}TL^{3.9587}$. Von Bertalanffy growth model is $TL_t$ = 177.273 ($1_e^{-0.040(t+7.332)}$), Robertson growth model is $TL_t=\frac{150.275}{1+2.085e^{-0.099t}}$ and Gompertz growth model is $TL_t=157.551e^{-1.214exp(-0.069t)}$.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-101
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• 1982

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of improving the effectiveness of the existing method(s) to estimate the edible meat weight in live broiler chicken. Four. breeds of chicken, white Cornish broiler chicks(parent stock), Single Comb White Leghorn(SCWL) egg strain chicks (parent stock), and two reciprocal cross breds of these parent stocks were employed in this study. A total of 480 birds, 60 male and 60 female chicks for each breed, were used. Ten male and 10 female chicks from each breed were randomly sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of ages in order to measure the body weight, edible meat weight of breast and 1eg(thigh and drum-stick), various components of body weight and various body shape measurements. In addition, chemical analyses of edible meat were carried out. Results obtained from this sturd were summarized as follows. 1. The average body weights of White Cornish broiler chicks and SCWL egg strain chicks were 1.82${\pm}$0.048kg(X${\pm}$S.E.) and 0.67${\pm}$0.029 kg. respectively, at 8 weeks of age. The feed to gain ratio for White Cornish and SCWL chicks were 2.24 and 3.28, respectively, for 0 to 8 weeks of age. The reciprocal cross bred chicks (White Cornish ${\times}$ SCWL) showed intermediate values in both parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2013

The effect of three different diets (formulated diet, FD; Undaria pinnatifida, UP; Laminaria japonica, LJ) on growth in the Haliotis discus hannai for 90 days was investigated. The shell length of UP ($80.62{\pm}1.92$ mm) and LJ ($81.14{\pm}1.16$ mm) were significantly faster than those of FD ($79.38{\pm}1.69$ mm) (P < 0.05). However, shell breadth and total weight were no significant difference among three diets. On the other hand, the weight gain of FD (16.65% for 0-45day and 25.71% for 45-90day) tend to have higher than those of UP (14.57% and 23.30%) and LJ (12.65% and 24.51%). This results shows that seaweed diets (UP and LJ) help the shell growth of abalone and formulated diet (FD) help the weight gain of abalone. Therefore, the growth of shell and muscle will depend on different diets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for productive traits in swine. Productive traits were considered on average daily gain (ADG), body height (BH) and body length (BL). Genetic analysis was consisted of 18,668 heads for productive traits which were based on on-farm performance tested from May, 2007 to Apr, 2011. For estimating genetic parameters on productive traits, single best model was fitted after finding source of variance on fixed and random effects and estimated with a multiple trait animal model by using DF-REML (Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood). The estimated heritabilities of Duroc, Berkshire, Landrace and Yorkshire 0.22-0.58 for the average daily gain, 0.34-0.41 for the body height and 0.4-0.52 for the body length, respectively. Phenotypic correlations of average daily gain with body height and body length for the four breeds were 0.42-0.48, 0.53-0.58, 0.34-0.46 and 0.47-0.56, respectively. Phenotypic correlations of body height with body length were 0.41, 0.57, 0.52, 0.59, respectively. The estimated genetic correlation coefficients of average daily gain with body height and body length estimated for the four breeds were 0.34-0.47, 0.70-0.75, 0.17-0.38 and 0.50-0.53, respectively. The estimated genetic correlation coefficients of body height with body length were 0.57, 0.69, 0.61 and 0.71, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 1992

Taxonomic study of the five species (Acanthogobius elongata, A. flavimanus, A. lactipes, A. luridus and Synechogobius) from Korea was carried out based on morphometric, cephalic sensory canal and ecological characters. Taxonomic revision and classificational keys are provided. Synechogobius hasta is easily distinguished from four species of the genus Acanthogobius in eleven characters, i. e., the number of dorsal and anal fin rays, the transverse scales, the vertebral numbers, the formula of interneural spine of the first dorsal fin, the number of interhemal spine anterior to the first hemal spine, the number of epipleural and pleurals, the ratio of caudal peduncle length, the ratio of caudal peduncle depth and the regular variations in the ratio of body parts with the body length. In the genus Acanthobobius, A. elongata is distinguished from other 3 congeneric species in the ratio of body parts and the oculoscapular sensory canal. Moreover, A. flavimanus differs from other 3 congeneric species in the lateral scales, the transverse scales, the number of predorsal scales, the vertebral number, the number of epipleural and pleurals. Sensory papillae rows of S. hasta is not similar that of the genus Acanthogobius in having a singular sensroy papillae rows. A. elongata has no oculoscapular sensory canal D and A. flavimanus has transverse sensory papillae in cheek, and these are one of the unique characters distinguished form other congeneric species. In the spawning period inferred from gonadosomatic index, A. elongata varied from late March to late June ; A. flavimanus, January to April ; A. lactipes, May to September ; A. luridus, early May to early July and S. hasta, early March to early May.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2004

Myostatin is a transforming growth and differentiation factor-${\beta}$ family member that acts as a negative regulator of muscle growth. Previously, mutations in the myostatin gene were known to be related to double muscling phenotypes in cattle. Because myostatin gene is highly related to muscle mass, also meat quality, in cattle, we sequenced whole myostatin mRNA and investigated the SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). The results indicated that Hanwoo had an SNP in nt2385 and this mutation can be a useful marker with further verifications. We also investigated expression patterns of the myostatin gene from various muscle tissues and organs. Northern blotting results indicated that myostatin expression was restricted in muscles with variable expression levels. The results presented here can be used as a valuable information for meat quality related traits and muscle mass in cattle.