• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.71-102
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to enrich our understanding of the family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and the elderly women by examining the experience of grandmothers who refused to support raising their grandchildren. The researcher focused on grandmothers who have been in charge of caring the family in the main and tried to explore the reasons for their decision not to take care of their grandchildren. For the purpose, Research participants were seven elderly women who have refused raising of their grand-children. Data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed based on the phenomenological method. As results, it turned out that the elderly women refused caring of their grandchildren due to the burden of parenting and the rejection of an extended mother role, and the fear of family conflicts, but they felt sorry about their refusal of a request for caring support from their adult children. Second. these decisions caused various dynamics of the family members, and they were experiencing psychological difficulties. Third, elderly women perceived raising of grandchildren as a task of adult children or a problem for which the society should be accountable, and felt that the family and the society have shifted the responsibility to them. This research result confirms that a new generation of the elderly women have emerged who have different viewpoints on caregiving. It also presents a necessity to reflect the viewpoints of elderly who are mainly concerned when establishing a policy of caregiving. Based on this finding, this study also presents implications regarding support for family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and support for the elderly women.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.277-297
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• 2014

This study investigates the predictors of the relationship quality between grandparents and grandchildren in emerging adulthood. Participants were 501 grandchildren with at least one living maternal/paternal grandparents. According to the t-test, the frequency of contact with maternal grandparents, the similarity of value to paternal grandparents, and the affective solidarity with paternal grandparents were significantly different depending on the grandchildren's sex. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that the relationships of father-grandparents and mother-grandparents, the frequency of contact, and the similarities of value significantly predicted the affective solidarity between grandparents and grandchildren. However, the relative predictive power of these variables was different by the lineage and the grandchildren's sex.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-97
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• 2011

This study examined what factors were associated with psychological well-being of grandparents providing daily care to their grandchildren. More focus on the role of various mediators such as caregiving perception and resources were given to investigate the complicated relationships between providing care and psychological function. I used the nationally representative data from the '2008 Korean National Survey of Welfare Need in the Elderly'. Results showed that there were diverse circumstances of caregiving. Grandparents who cared their grandchildren on behalf of dual career parents emerged predominantly from them. Findings also suggested that type of caregiving was related to external factors. Grandparents shouldering greater responsibility for their grandchildren showed lower levels of resources such as financial conditions and social support, and more negative perception of caregiving, which in turn was associated with lower psychological well-being. Finally, more financial resource and neighborhood support directly influenced more positive perception of caregiving. To enhance resources and empower grandparents raising their grandchildren, community-based intervening mechanism incorporating various environments and effective services to meet the needs of grandparents should be discussed in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate variables which account for grandchild caregiving grandmothers' physical health satisfaction and leisure activity satisfaction. Methods: The sample included 141 grandmothers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Firstly, the variables that explained physical health satisfaction of grandchild caregiving grandmothers were educational level, family income, the number of grandchild, and caregiving conflict with adult child. When their educational level were higher, had more money, cared for grandchild more, and did not experience conflict with adult child, they showed the higher scores of physical health satisfaction. Secondly, as to leisure activity satisfaction of grandchild caregiving grandmothers, educational level and caregiving conflict with adult child were included. That is, they had higher educational level, and without caregiving conflict with adult child, grandchild caregiving grandmothers reported higher levels of leisure activity satisfaction. Conclusion/Implications: Based on these results, various implications and interventions were suggested.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.905-923
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting the conflict between grandparents raising grandchildren and adult children. The data were based on the panel survey to explore korean retirement and income study conducted by National Pension Service in 2009. For this study, 287 parenting grandparents rearing grandchild are selected from the survey. Included variables are a demographic factor, a economic factor, a caregiving-related factor, a health factor, and a family relationship factor. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, co-relation and logistic regression, with SPSS WIN 18.0 program. The results are as follows: First, when grandparents are male, older, highly educated, having no religion, and unemployed, a conflict with their adult children grows. Second, when grandparents do not have earned income or financial income, but have private income transfers, a conflict with their adult children is high. Third, when grandchildren are younger, there are no caregiving rewards, economic activities suspension or reduction because of caregiving, a conflict with their adult children is strong. Also, when grandparents' physical health is good, but their mental health is poor, a conflict with their adult children increases. Fourth, when grandparents' satisfactions with family relationship and spouse relationship are low, but their satisfaction with adult children relationship is high, a conflict with their adult children rises. This study suggests that unlike in the past, grandparents raising grandchildren can no longer make sacrifice themselves for their adult children, but they expect proper exchange between parents and children. Therefore, there needs to be understanding of grandparents raising grandchildren and further studies of a conflict between grandparents raising grandchildren their adult children.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.693-709
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• 2016

This study was to investigate depressive symptoms of caregiving grandmothers in South Korea and related factors focusing on caregiving characteristics. The data were drawn from the fourth wave of Korean Longitudinal Study on Ageing (KLoSA). The study participants were 3,291 grandmothers who had at least one grandchild, and we limited our analysis to 127 grandmothers who had provided care for their grandchild(ren) during the past one year. As for the depressive symptoms, Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression 10(CES-D 10) short version were applied. Caregiving characteristics including caregiving duration by weeks per year, caregiving hours per week and the number of grandchildren who received grandmother care were examined. A multiple logistic regression was performed to detect association between caregiving characteristics and depressive symptoms while adjusting for general socioeconomic characteristics and health status of caregiving grandmothers. The longer duration of caregiving lowered the depressive symptoms and in contrast, those who spent more hours for providing care to their grandchildren were more exposed to the depressive symptoms. Physical pain significantly increased their depressive symptoms and low income level were more likely to induce depressive symptoms. More detailed studies on grandchild caregiving patterns among grandmothers were needed. Also, tailored support policy and services should be considered to alleviate their burden and depression in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.27-38
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 핵가족과 확대가족의 구조가 한국 초등학교 아동의 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 서울과 인천에 거주하는 417명의 초등학생을 대상으로 그들의 문제행동을 Children's Behaviour Questionnaire(CBQ：Rotter, 1967)에 의해서 교사가 평가하였으며, 아동은 그들 조부모의 역할을 Grandmother's Role Questionnaire(GRQ：Suh, 1991)에 의해서 평가하였다. 그 결과, 확대가족의 아동은 핵가족의 아동보다 문제행동을 덜 보였으며, 확대가족의 조부모가 손자녀를 정서적으로 지지하고 돌보아주며 생활에 간섭하는 역할을 하는 반면에 핵가족의 조부모는 손자녀를 훈계하는 역할을 주로 하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 확대가족에서의 조부모는 손자녀의 정서적인 안정을 뒷받침하고 또한 부모의 스트레스를 완화시키며 가족의 화목한 분위기를 증진시키는 등의 역할을 통해서 손자녀에게 직접적, 간접적으로 영향을 미치며, 이러한 조부모의 역할은 아동의 문제행동에 근간이 되는 가족의 역동성에 영향을 미친다고 본다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.459-475
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• 2020

This study examined the moderating effect self-rated health has on the association between grandparenting and depressive symptoms. The fourth wave (in 2012) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) was used for the analyses (N=650). The Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) method was applied in order to ensure randomness in the selection of grandparents who participated in grandparenting and those who did not. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, the independent variable was grandparenting, and the moderating variable was self-rated health. Control variables were education level, age, household income, gender, marital status and life satisfaction. After matching data by CEM, weighted multiple regression was applied with STATA 13.0. Also, simple slope analysis and region of significance were performed to interpret the interaction terms. The results showed that self-rated health had a significant moderating effect. Specifically, for grandparents with high self-rated health, grandparenting was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms. On the contrary, for grandparents with low self-rated health, there was no difference depending on whether they participated in raising grandchildren. Based on these results, we discussed the need for consideration of self-rated health for grandparents who participated in grandparenting.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1147-1164
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• 2008

There has been a sharp increase in the number of grandmothers raising grandchildren in contemporary Korean society. However, little is known about the complexity of the experiences of the custodial grandparenting. Most of the studies mainly examined burden/cost and have paid little attention to the positive aspects of custodial grandparenting. In order to overcome this limitation of previous research, this study aims 1) to examine not only the costs but also the rewards of custodial grandparenting and to explore related factors, 2) to develop the typology based on relative rewards-burden perception of grandmothers about custodial grandparenting and explore the group differences. The data were gathered from 449 grandmothers raising their grandchildren as a primary caregiver, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, hierarchical multiple regression and ANOVA, with SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Main findings are as follows: First, custodial grandmothers report not only care-giving burden such as physical burnout and economic burden but also various rewards such as joy of watching their grandchildren grow and feeling good about themselves to be a help with their adult children, i.e. grandchildren's father or mother. Second, factors related to the level of perceived cost of grandparenting are different from the factors affecting the positive aspects of grandparenting. Third, results of the two by two cross-tab analysis based on the level of rewards and burden show that about 32 percent of the grandparents belong to Type II group(high rewards-low cost). This result is quite contrary to the assumption of previous research focusing mostly on cost and burden of custodial grandparenting. Fourth, four groups were different in terms of grandmother & grandchildren's characteristics. Implications of these results are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand Korean women in later life by identifying the relationships between providing care for grandchildren and the health of women who aged above 50 years old. Focusing on the longitudinal patterns of providing care of grandchildren and physical and psychological health, this study used data from the second, third, fourth, and fifth waves of Korean Retirement and Income Study(KReIS) and regression to analyze the data. The following results were found. First, women who stopped providing care for grandchildren were more likely to have higher physical health status in later life than those who providing no care between the second wave to the fourth wave of the KReIS(p < .05). In addition, women who have continuously provided care for grandchildren were more likely to have lower physical health status at marginally significant level. However, there is no significant relationship between providing care for grandchildren and women's psychological health status. The findings of this study suggest that there are the different findings for the relationships between providing care for grandchildren and physical health status and psychological health status based on the longitudinal patterns of providing care of grandchildren. Lastly this paper discusses implications for future researcher and social welfare practitioners.