• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.37 no.1 s.356
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• pp.10-13
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• 1999

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.36 no.12 s.355
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• pp.813-817
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• 1998

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.27 no.11 s.246
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• pp.1033-1047
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• 1989

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.36 no.10 s.353
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• pp.660-663
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• 1998

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.29 no.8 s.267
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• pp.618-629
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• 1991

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.36 no.8 s.351
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• pp.532-535
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• 1998

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.2 s.34
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• pp.309-324
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• 1991

The author treated 3 class I malocclusion patients with the lingual appliance followed by the extraction of the 4 bicuspids. One of them was finished with the labial appliance at the final stage. The treatment results were acceptable and the patients had good tolerance to the lingual appliance without complaints in these cases. There were some problems in treatment on the lingual side both the patient and the practioner, but I think we can overcome them with the development of the orthodontic materials, the treatment technics & the increased clinical experience. Of course, we cannot treat all the patients with the lingual braces, but patients are carefully selected, lingual braces will be a valuable orthodontic appliance. In conclusion, the lingual braces have very good esthetic advantages, so the patients, especially in adults, who hesitate or refuse the orthodontic treatment due to the esthetic problem of the labial braces will get the motivation & the chance for the orthodontic treatment.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2003

Correction of the cleft-lip nasal deformity is a difficult task that requires clear understanding of the associated complex anatomy and function as well as the operation time, the selection of an operation method, On the expectation that it helps enhance understanding the current trend of cleft-rhinoplasty, authors analyzed secondary rhinoplasty between 1999 and 2002, In both the unilateral and bilateral cleft lip rhinoplasty, we reviewed the timing of repair, site of correction and it's major technique, incision or approach method, autogenous cartilage graft method, All patients with a septal deviation did not have a septal surgery, We were active in alar and nasal tip surgery and passive in septal and dorsal deformity correction, And for children, we used a conservative method but for adults, we used radical approach, Most surgeries are focused on esthetic goal and we thought that objective evaluation for nasal obstruction was needed for bener and predictable outcome.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.917-927
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• 1997

Recently, according to the Increase of adult patient, it is neccessory to understand the growth changes of adult after cessation of active pubertal growth in clinical orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth changes of craniofacial structure after active growth period(adult) in order to use as reference in clinical orthodontics. Authors followed the 40 sample(male 25, female 15) from 24 to 31 years of age. By analysing the serial cephalograms, authors could get the following findings. $\cdot$ The mandible rotated clockwise in female, but not in male, and no incremental growth change in both genders. $\cdot$ The anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height were increased in both genders, the increase of lower anterior facial height exceed the posterior facial height increase in female. $\cdot$ The cranial base was stable throughout observation period. $\cdot$ The upper incisors uprighted slightly in female. $\cdot$ There were great the individual variation in the growth change of craniofacial structure in adult.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.627-634
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• 1995

The purpose of this study to analyze characteristics of soft tissue profile in Korean young adults. The sample consisted of 50 young adults (25 males and B females) who had pleasing and normal occlusion. Soft tissue analysis (facial convexity angle, nasolabial angle, H-angle, Z-angle, E-line to upper lip, lower lip, Sn-pog' to upper lip, lower lip) was performed on lateral cephlograms. Mem and standard deviation was obtained. When compared by other studies, mean profile of this sample was relatively straighter and both the upper and lower lips was more protrusive.