• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate vocal hygiene habits and Korean Voice-Related Quality of Life (K-VRQOL) among classical singers. A total of 128 classical singers filled an online voice and K-VRQOL questionnaire, and the results were analyzed. In order to investigate the characteristics of K-VRQOL according to age groups, and the presence or absence of a history of voice problems, we conducted a two-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. Of the 128 classical singers, 28 (21.9%) with a history of voice problems said that excessive conversation, singing practice, and yelling were the causes of their voice problems. The symptoms of voice problems were fatigue, loss of range, hoarseness, and breathiness. In addition, classical singers were less likely to smoke, or to drink alcohol or caffeine. The K-VRQOL was highly correlated with all sub-domains. There was a statistically significant difference according to age groups (p<.05) and history of voice problems (p<.01). There was no correlation between age groups and history of voice problems. Voice management is important because classical singers can ruin their voice by speaking, and the risk of voice disorder is high. Voice problems affect quality of life. In future studies, it is necessary to obtain information on the subjective voice characteristics of classical singers by examining the relationship between their voice hygiene habits and VHI, SVHI, and K-VRQOL.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2001

Singing requires exquisite coordination between the respiratory and phonatory system to efficiently control glottal airflow. Respiratory function and vocal aerodynamics were investigated in six female professional sopranos and in six female subjects without vocal training. All sopranos had more than 15 years of formal classic vocal training. Pulmonary function test data on simple pulmonary function, flow volume curve, static lung volumes, maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP), and maximum expiratory pressure(MEP) were obtained from all subjects. Vocal aerodynamic studies of maximum phonation time(MPT), phonation quotient, and mean glottal flow rates (MFR) were also measured in all subjects. Simple pulmonary function in professional sopranos was generally the same as that of other female subjects without vocal training. However, MIP and MEP showing respiratory muscle forces were significantly elevated in professional sopranos, compared to those of other female subjects without vocal training. Maximum phonation times and phonation quotient in sopranos are longer than those of other female subjects even though there were no differences in simple pulmonary function. High-pitched tones were made with significantly higher mean glottal flow rates(GFR) in normal subjects than low-pitched tones, whereas no changes in GFR were found in sopranos. The result indicated that sopranos demonstrated significant improvements in aerodynamic measures of GFR, maximum phonation time, suggesting an increase in glottal efficiency.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.169-189
• /
• 2003

Trained singers, one group of professional voice users, have much more interest on the voice than common people, and on its management, too. They train for singing beautiful songs, and, at the same time, try for efficient voice production. The present study was performed with three tenors and three baritones, undergraduate students majored in classical singing, to investigate the degree of improvement of their voice production efficiency through vocal function exercise, by measuring the three dependent variables, maximum phonation time, speed quotient of glottal contact, and the number of semi tones. For the baseline establishment, dependent variables were measured 3$\sim$6 times for two weeks. Then, the subjects exercised vocal function exercise for seven weeks, and after the termination of training, evaluation was performed four times for two weeks, to find the maintenance of the training effect. Vocal function exercise is composed of four successive steps: warm-up, stretching exercise, contracting exercise, power exercise. As results, all of six subjects showed improvement in the aspect of maximum phonation time, speed quotient if glottal contact, and the number of semitones.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.465-469
• /
• 2003

The present study revealed; that (1) The students majoring in a piano course were the preference type of the performance dress - best line was designed of upper form chest. It was 1.5cm shorter than armhole line, the princess line was preferred Top one piece without sleeves which was designed with slim by bottom line through west dart form best line. The expression method was showing embroidery and bidding, colors were in order to white, ivory, black and blue style. The material was in order to silk with glorious shinning, silk satin and race style. (2) The students majoring in a vocal music were the preference type of the performance dress - the princess line was designed shorter, the west line of back and forth was preferred the one piece of bulk style divided with three partitions. Neck line was 5cm shorter than the middle of back, 9cm shorter than the side neck position, 9cm shorter than the middle of forth, sweet heart neck line with circular sleeve designed 7cm shorter than the side neck position. Colors were in order to ivory, red and yellow style. The material was in order to silk with glorious shinning silk satin and race style.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 1998

Background and Objectives : Aerodynamic investigation is valuable information about the efficiency of the larynx in translating air pressure to acoustic signal. The normal data of the Korean has been reported, but there is no basic data of professional western classical singers who have learned how to control the flow of expiratory air for singing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal aerodynamic data of korean professional western classical singers and compare this with that of the Korean Materials and Methods : 50 Korean western classical singers were studied. Expiratory lung pressure combined with measurements of the mean air flow rate, voice frequency and intensity were measured with the aerodynamic test using airway interruption method. These data were compared with normal data of untrained normal adults. Results and Conclusions : The voice frequency and the voice intensity were increased in the western classic singers, but the mean air flow rate and the expiratory air pressure of the classical singers were within the same range of the untrained normal adults. This result means that western classical singers can change the loudness and pitch with a little increased or decreasing the mean air flow and the expiratory air pressure.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 1987

한글 단모음의 음향특성을 기본진동수와 배진동수를 고러하여 포만트 분석하였으며, 성도내의 공명현상과 포만트진동수와의 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 성악을 전공하는 남성으로 하여금 한글 단모음 12개를 5개의 기본진동수에 맞추어 3초 동안 발음하게 하여 FFT스펙트럼 분석기를 통해 진동수 스펙트럼을 얻었다. 포만트 분석에 의해 제 1포만트는 인두강, 그리고 제 2포만트는 구강의 공명효과에 의함을 밝혔고, 원순화가 일어나므로서 제 2포만트 진동수가 낮아짐을 발견하였다. 제 1포만트와 제 2포만트 진동수로는 "어"의 $[\partial]와[\Lambda], "아"의[a]와 [\alpha]$, 그리고"에"와 "애"의 음향학적 차이를 뚜렷이 구분짓기는 어러웠다

• 음성과학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.165-177
• /
• 2004

Western singers voice have been studied in music science since the early 20th century. However, Korean traditional singers voice have not yet been studied scientifically. This study is to find the physiological and acoustic characteristics of Pansori singers voices. Western singers participated for comparative purposes. Ten western singers and ten Pansori singers participated in this study. The subjects spoke and sung seven simple vowels /a, e, i, o, u, c, w/. An analysis of Glottal image was done by Scope View and acoustic characteristics of speech and singing voice were analyzed by CSL. The results are as follows: (1) Glottal gestures of Pansori singers showed asymmetric vocal folds. (2) Singing vowel formants of Pansori singers showed breathiness based on Spectrogram. (3) Music formant of western singers appeared in around 3kHz area, however, Pansori singers formant appeared in low frequency area. Modulation of vibrato showed 6 frequency per sec in case of western singers. Pansori singers showed no deep modulation of vibrato on spectrogram.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.147-157
• /
• 2008

Habitual speaking fundamental frequency (sF0) plays an important role in determining the voice classification, which can be presented differently depending on the vocal fold length and language habits. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the differences in sF0 for voice classification and closed quotient between speaking and singing. Seventeen singers (7 sopranos, 5 tenors, 5 baritones, mean age 25.1 years) with no evidence of vocal folds pathology were participated. sF0 and closed quotient (CQ) both in speaking and in singing (A3-A5 with soprano, A2-A4 with tenor and baritone) were measured using SPEAD program and electroglottography. No significant differences were observed for sF0 between tenor and baritone groups (p> 0.05). However, CQ in singing was significantly different among three groups (p< 0.05), but CQ in speaking was not (p> 0.05). Furthermore, CQ was significantly different with both soprano (p< 0.01) and tenor groups ((P= 0.02) whereas baritone group revealed there is no difference when compared between speaking and singing. No significant differences in sF0 between tenor and baritone participants may result from decision-making for voice classification by experience and should measure sF0 before determining the voice classification.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2002

The pitch range of the human voice is variable, extending from chest register to falsetto. Although numerous studies have investigated after laryngeal mechanism description of registers, systematic and objective studies were lack. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare head register with chest register of singers acoustically. Fifteen healthy tenor major students were selected. Fifteen healthy untrained adults were the control group for this study. Long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the Fast Fourier transform(FFT) algorithm and Linear predictive coding (LPC) filter response were made during /a/ sustained in both head(G4, 392Hz) md chest registers (C3, 131Hz). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test. In the LTA power spectrum, head register of singer has increased level(energy gain) in the frequency band of 2.2-3.4kHz(p<0.01), and 7.5-8.4kHz(p<0.01, p<0.05). Chest register of singer has increased level in the frequency band of 2.2-3.1kHz(p<0.01), 7.8-8.4kHz(p<0.05) and around 9.6kHz(p<0.01). LTA power spectrum reveals a peak of acoustic energy around 2500Hz known as the singer's formant and another peak of acoustic energy around 8000Hz in singer's voice.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.115-139
• /
• 1998

The aim of this study is to develop an the assessment program for the singing voice which is based on the physiological and acoustic methods. 22 sopranos, 6 mezzo sopranos, 4 tenors and 4 baritones participated to these experiments. The results measured by Visi-Pitch, spectrograph, and strobo-scope can be summarized as follows: (1) The maximum phonation time of singers must over 14 second higher with one deep inspiration (2) The parts classified by vocal range using Visi-Pitch: soprano between 167Hz $\sim$1,190Hz, mezzo soprano between 146Hz$\sim$956Hz, tenor between 75Hz$\sim$503Hz and baritone between 73 Hz and 385 Hz. (3) Longitudinal glottal size of singers decreases depending on the high-low pitch variation while lattitudinal glottal size increases depending on high-low pitch variation. (4) Well-trained singers show over 5 times the vibrato rate of untrained singers and regular pitch variation during measured periods. Vibrato's intensity do not over 3 dB. (5) Singer's formant indicates professional voice depending on the each parts: 3,207 Hz for soprano, 3,057 Hz for mezzo soprano, 2,754 Hz for tenor and 2,560 Hz for baritone.. (6) $F_1$ of singing voice is higher than that of speech while $F_2\;and\;F_3$ of singing voice are lower than those of speech.