• 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

This study attempted to provide a spectrum analysis for quantitative evaluation of singing voice quality of singing students rather than the presence or absence of the singer's formant. The regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between ringing quality, SPR, and SPP of singing voice of college student subjects majoring in music. This study measured singing. power ratio (SPR) in 41 singing students. Digital audio recordings were made in sung vowels for acoustic analyses. Each sample was judged by 1 experienced singing teacher and 4 voice pathologists on one semantic bipolar 7-point scales (ringing-dull). The results showed that the SPR and SPP had significant correlations with ringing quality. The SPR had a significant relationship with ringing quality on singing voice in singing students. The SPR can be an important quantitative measurement for evaluating singing voice quality.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

This study compared classical operatic singing and applied music singing using the vocal assessment software, Dr. Speech and SPEAD from Lx Speech Studio. Participants in this study included: eight female operatic singers (mean 22.6 yrs, average career 7.5 yrs); eight male operatic singers (mean 25.6 yrs, average career 7.3 yrs); eight female applied music singers (mean 25.1 yrs, average career 6.1 yrs); and eight male applied music singers (mean 27.6 yrs, average career 6.8 yrs). The results demonstrated significantly higher closed quotient values in female applied music singers during singing (p<.05). In addition, higher closed quotient values in speaking were presented in male classical singers and longer MPT was obtained in female operatic singers (p<.05). Furthermore, singer's formants were identified in all male operatic singers and in three female operatic singers. In contrast, only one applied music male and one female singer showed singer's formants while singing.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Training of breath support and laryngeal muscles control are important components in the development of the singing voice. The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change with untrained males and trained male singers. Materials and Methods : The 11 untrained males and 11 trained male singers participated. Closed Quotient(CQ), fundamental frequency (fo) and relative volume contribution of the rib cage (in percentage rib cage, % RC) and relative volume contribution of abdomen (in percentage abdomen, % AB) were measured during various pitch, loudness, register tasks using /a/ vowel phonation : Legato, staccato with C3-D3-E3-F3-G3 notes and crescendo and decrescendo with C3 note as well as modal register with C3 and falsetto register with C4 note using an integrated analysis system of Respiration, EGG and Voice. Results : (1) When pitch increased with legato task, loudness also increased in untrained male group but maintained in trained male singers. CQ was also increased both untrained and trained male singers but it was not significantly different ($p>.05$). The abdomen contribution to lung volume were significantly predominant both in inhalation and exhalation in trained males singers ($p<.05$). (2) When pitch increased with staccato task, CQ was not significantly different in untrained but significantly different in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$) (3) When loudness increased with crescendo, fo was significantly increased with increasing CQ in untrained males but fo was relatively consistent with increasing CQ in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). (4) Most male singers were able to change register from modal to falsetto register, but untrained males were not. Thus, CQ was significantly different between modal and falsetto register in trained male singers ($p<.05$). The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). Conclusion : Male singers were superior to untrained males in coordination of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change. Implication are offered regarding how the results might be applied to the voice therapy as well as singing training.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

This study attempted to investigate vocal characteristics and differences in gender and voice classification among classical singers. Twenty-three female singers (M = 23.1 yrs, SD = 3.6 yrs, average 6.3 yrs singing experience, all classified as sopranos) and twenty male singers (M = 25.2 yrs, SD= 3.6 yrs, average 6. 3 yrs singing experience, 8 tenors, 12 baritones) were recruited to participate in the present study. Speaking fundamental frequency (FO), closed quotient (CQ), MPT (Maximum Phonation Time), breathing types, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and singers' formants were measured. In addition, vibratory patterns were observed using stroboscopy. Sfo, singing CQ, breathing types, formant frequency in singers' formants, MIP, MEP, and MPT were significantly different from gender to gender. Generally, singers' formants were observed in male singers and also the pattern of singers' formants was different between tenors and baritones. Lower singing CQ values were observed than speaking CQ values in the female singers (P<.001). Furthermore, MEP, MIP, and singing CQ were significantly lower for female singers than for males singers (P<.001). MPT and speaking FO, however, were not significantly different between tenors and baritones.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 제13회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.201-204
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• 2000

사물놀이 소리는 천지인의 삼재사상에 근본하는 우리 문화의 정신적 근간들이 생생히 살아 숨쉬는 음악이다. 꽹과리 소리는 하늘의 소리이고, 북소리는 땅의 소리를 나타내고, 여기에 보태어지는 사람의 목소리는 하늘과 땅을 수직으로 이어주는 인성이다. 그리고, 사물놀이 소리는 긴장과 이완, 음양의 원리를 독특하게 지니고 있다. 느린 장단에서 빠른 장단으로 이행되는 점층적 전개 위에서 긴장과 이완의 원리가 날줄과 씨줄로 교직 되어 이끌어 간다. 또한 소리의 음양 조화 측면에서 살펴보면 금속성악기와 가죽악기, 날카로운 소리와 부드러운 소리, 잘게 쪼개어지는 소리와 크게 뭉치는 소리 등이 나타난다. 따라서 세계인들이 "사물놀이는 신을 부르는 소리"라고 극찬하고 있다[1]-[3]. 사물놀이 소리를 들었을 때 그 가락에 쉽게 도취도는 것은, 4가지 악기가 서로 다른 소리의 높낱이 색깔특성에 의해 소리의 음양 조화를 이루고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 우리가 귀로 느낄 수 있는 소리의 범위를 완전히 커버하고 있다는 사실을 우리는 처음으로 밝혀내었다. 즉, 소리를 빛깔로 나타낸다면, 북은 빨강, 징은 노랑, 장구는 초록, 꽹과리는 보라 빛을 의미하며, 이들 색깔은 각자의 아름다움을 특징적으로 나타내고 있다. 그리고, 징과 장구 소리를 들었을 때 다시 한번더 듣고 싶은 친근감을 느끼게 되는데, 그 원인으로는 징소리와 장구의 기본 진동수가 사람의 남녀 목소리 기본진동수와 각각 근접하기 때문에 우리의 가슴과 일치를 이루게 된다는 사실도 이번에 밝혀 내었다. 즉, 징소리와 장구소리를 들으면 사람의 목소리로 응답하는 듯한 친근함과 정다움을 느끼게 된다. 또한 인간은 소리를 귀로만 느끼지 않고 피부를 통해 진동으로도 느끼게 되는데, 사물놀이에서 북, 징, 장구는 그러한 특성이 두드러지게 나타난다. 결론적으로 우리 민족의 지혜와 숨결이 스며있는 사물놀이 소리의 특성과 그 신비를 객관적으로 규명함으로서 사물놀이 소리의 우수성을 입증하과, 문화민족의 자부심으로 새천년을 개척해 나아가는 원동력을 얻고자한다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate vocal hygiene habits and Korean Voice-Related Quality of Life (K-VRQOL) among classical singers. A total of 128 classical singers filled an online voice and K-VRQOL questionnaire, and the results were analyzed. In order to investigate the characteristics of K-VRQOL according to age groups, and the presence or absence of a history of voice problems, we conducted a two-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. Of the 128 classical singers, 28 (21.9%) with a history of voice problems said that excessive conversation, singing practice, and yelling were the causes of their voice problems. The symptoms of voice problems were fatigue, loss of range, hoarseness, and breathiness. In addition, classical singers were less likely to smoke, or to drink alcohol or caffeine. The K-VRQOL was highly correlated with all sub-domains. There was a statistically significant difference according to age groups (p<.05) and history of voice problems (p<.01). There was no correlation between age groups and history of voice problems. Voice management is important because classical singers can ruin their voice by speaking, and the risk of voice disorder is high. Voice problems affect quality of life. In future studies, it is necessary to obtain information on the subjective voice characteristics of classical singers by examining the relationship between their voice hygiene habits and VHI, SVHI, and K-VRQOL.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

Singing requires exquisite coordination between the respiratory and phonatory system to efficiently control glottal airflow. Respiratory function and vocal aerodynamics were investigated in six female professional sopranos and in six female subjects without vocal training. All sopranos had more than 15 years of formal classic vocal training. Pulmonary function test data on simple pulmonary function, flow volume curve, static lung volumes, maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP), and maximum expiratory pressure(MEP) were obtained from all subjects. Vocal aerodynamic studies of maximum phonation time(MPT), phonation quotient, and mean glottal flow rates (MFR) were also measured in all subjects. Simple pulmonary function in professional sopranos was generally the same as that of other female subjects without vocal training. However, MIP and MEP showing respiratory muscle forces were significantly elevated in professional sopranos, compared to those of other female subjects without vocal training. Maximum phonation times and phonation quotient in sopranos are longer than those of other female subjects even though there were no differences in simple pulmonary function. High-pitched tones were made with significantly higher mean glottal flow rates(GFR) in normal subjects than low-pitched tones, whereas no changes in GFR were found in sopranos. The result indicated that sopranos demonstrated significant improvements in aerodynamic measures of GFR, maximum phonation time, suggesting an increase in glottal efficiency.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.465-469
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• 2003

The present study revealed; that (1) The students majoring in a piano course were the preference type of the performance dress - best line was designed of upper form chest. It was 1.5cm shorter than armhole line, the princess line was preferred Top one piece without sleeves which was designed with slim by bottom line through west dart form best line. The expression method was showing embroidery and bidding, colors were in order to white, ivory, black and blue style. The material was in order to silk with glorious shinning, silk satin and race style. (2) The students majoring in a vocal music were the preference type of the performance dress - the princess line was designed shorter, the west line of back and forth was preferred the one piece of bulk style divided with three partitions. Neck line was 5cm shorter than the middle of back, 9cm shorter than the side neck position, 9cm shorter than the middle of forth, sweet heart neck line with circular sleeve designed 7cm shorter than the side neck position. Colors were in order to ivory, red and yellow style. The material was in order to silk with glorious shinning silk satin and race style.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.30-37
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• 1987

한글 단모음의 음향특성을 기본진동수와 배진동수를 고러하여 포만트 분석하였으며, 성도내의 공명현상과 포만트진동수와의 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 성악을 전공하는 남성으로 하여금 한글 단모음 12개를 5개의 기본진동수에 맞추어 3초 동안 발음하게 하여 FFT스펙트럼 분석기를 통해 진동수 스펙트럼을 얻었다. 포만트 분석에 의해 제 1포만트는 인두강, 그리고 제 2포만트는 구강의 공명효과에 의함을 밝혔고, 원순화가 일어나므로서 제 2포만트 진동수가 낮아짐을 발견하였다. 제 1포만트와 제 2포만트 진동수로는 "어"의 $[\partial]와[\Lambda], "아"의[a]와 [\alpha]$, 그리고"에"와 "애"의 음향학적 차이를 뚜렷이 구분짓기는 어러웠다

• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2004

Western singers voice have been studied in music science since the early 20th century. However, Korean traditional singers voice have not yet been studied scientifically. This study is to find the physiological and acoustic characteristics of Pansori singers voices. Western singers participated for comparative purposes. Ten western singers and ten Pansori singers participated in this study. The subjects spoke and sung seven simple vowels /a, e, i, o, u, c, w/. An analysis of Glottal image was done by Scope View and acoustic characteristics of speech and singing voice were analyzed by CSL. The results are as follows: (1) Glottal gestures of Pansori singers showed asymmetric vocal folds. (2) Singing vowel formants of Pansori singers showed breathiness based on Spectrogram. (3) Music formant of western singers appeared in around 3kHz area, however, Pansori singers formant appeared in low frequency area. Modulation of vibrato showed 6 frequency per sec in case of western singers. Pansori singers showed no deep modulation of vibrato on spectrogram.