• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

This study produced smelting slag through the reproduction of an ancient iron manufacturing technique, with the aim of facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the process by analyzing the slag components. The research suggests an interpretation method using the ratio of the subcomponents relative to the main slag components as an alternative to existing methods. We investigated the component source within the smelting furnace from which the slag is derived by developing an understanding of the tendency between slags. Based on bivariate graph and triangular coordinate data analysis, it was found that a slag can be categorized according to its components. The groups were identified as the ore slag group(centered on the ore), and the clay slag group(centered on clay and granite soil). This research determined that it is possible to estimate the components derived from the slag, depending on which group they belong to or resemble, as shown in Figure 4~7. It was found that a comprehensive understanding of the ratio between the components was more accurate than a simple analysis of the contents, for the interpretation of ancient iron manufacturing processes. This is based on the fact that a higher ratio of $TiO_2$ was detected by the components analysis, and an analysis of all the slag showed that the value of $CaO/SiO_2$ ratio was lower than 0.4, which corresponds to the reproduction experiment condition in which flux was not used.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.366-372
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• 2001

Volatile flavor components in the mash of Takjus prepared by using Aspergillus oryzae nuruk were identified by using Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Twenty-four esters, 21 alcohols, 10 acids, 9 aldehydes and 4 others were found in the mash of Takju. Thirty six components including 13 esters and 12 alcohols were detected in the beginning of fermentation. Twenty nine components were more detected after second day of fermentation and 68 components were detected after 12 days of fermentation. Thirty five flavor components including 12 alcohols such as ethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and benzeneethanol, 13 esters such as ethyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl butyrate and isoamyl acetate, 4 aldehydes and 6 acids were usually detected in the fermentation process. Ethanol was predominantly found in the range of $79.86{\sim}89.54%$ as a major component by using relative peak area. 3-Methyl-1-butanol, ethyl caprylate and benzeneethanol were some of the major volatile components through the fermentation respectively. Peak area of 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-hexanol, 1-dodecanol, ethyl acetate, monoethyl butanoate, acetic acid and isobutylaldehyde among the same group were higher than other components depending upon fermentation time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.691-698
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• 2000

Volatile flavor components in the mash of takjus prepared by using Rhizopus japonicus nuruk were identified by using GC and GC-MS. Twenty-four esters, 19 alcohols, 9 acids, 10 aldehydes and 4 others were found in the mash of takju. Thirty nine components including 14 esters and 12 alcohols were detected in the beginning of fermentation. Seventeen components were more detected after second day of fermentation and 66 components were detected after 12 days of fermentation. Thirty eight flavor components including 12 alcohols such as ethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, 14 esters such as ethylacetate, ethylcaprylate and isoamylacetate, 6 aldehydes and 5 acids were usually detected in the fermentation process. Ethanol was predominantly found in the range of 76.2149-92.1155% as a major component by using relative peak area. 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, ethyl caprylate, 2,3-butanediol and benzeneethanol were some of the major volatile components through the fermentation. Peak area of ethylacetate, diethyl succinate, octanoic acid, acetic acid and isobutylaldehyde among the same group were higher than other component depending upon fermentation time.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.7
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• pp.27-37
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• 1967

본 실험은 공기압력이 잠체생리에 미치는 영향을 알고자 수행되었으며 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 잠란 부화에 대하여 미치는 공기압력의 영향은 잠품종간에는 차가 없다. 2. 대기압에서 차가 적은 고압 (1 Pound/inch sguare) 또는 저압 (1 Pound/inch sguare)은 부화를 좋게하나, 압력이 클수록 처리시간이 길수록 부화에 나쁜 영향을 미친다. 3. 압력은 견중, 견층비율, 상견비율에 영향을 미치며 영향을 미치며 대기압에서 차가 클수록 처리시간이 길수록 악영향을 미친다. 4. 압력은 잠아체력을 약화시키며 저압은 특히 해롭다. 5. 잠아조직(잠체, 견사선, 소화기)간에 있어서 지방성분에 현저한 차이가 있으며, 잠체조직에서 견사선으로 이동하는 지방성분은 그 량이 적다. 6. 견형성에 있어서 각성분(탄수화물, 지방, 단백질, 회분)은 서로 밀접한 관계가 있다. 7. 압력은 화아일에 영향을 미치며 저압은 화아시간을 연장, 고압은 단축시킨다. 따라서 자웅간화아일 조절을 압력에 의해 할 수 있다. 8. 잠체생리에 미치는 환경요인은 온도, 습도, 광선뿐만 아니고 압력도 큰 영향을 미친다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.509-512
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• 2001

본 논문은 한국어 음성에 대한 한국어 단어의 음소단위 분할을 목적으로 하였다. 대상 단어는 원광대학교 phonetic balanced 452단어 데이터 베이스를 사용하였고 분할 단위는 음성 전문가에 의해 구성된 44개의 음소셋을 사용하였다. 음소를 분할하기 위해 음성을 각각 프레임으로 나눈 후 각 프레임간의 스펙트럼 성분의 유사도를 측정한 후 측정한 유사도를 기준으로 음소의 분할점을 찾았다. 두 프레임 간의 유사도를 결정하기 위해 두 벡터 상호간의 유사성을 결정하는 방법중의 하나인 Lukasiewicz implication을 사용하였다. 본 실험에서는 기존의 프레임간 스펙트럼 성분의 유사도 측정을 이용한 하나의 어절의 유/무성음 분할 방법을 본 실험의 목적인 한국어 단어의 음소 분할 실험에 맞도록 수정하였다. 성능평가를 위해 음성 전문가에 의해 손으로 분할된 데이터와 본 실험을 통해 얻은 데이터와의 비교를 하여 평가를 하였다. 실험결과 전문가가 직접 손으로 분할한 데이터와 비교하여 32ms이내로 분할된 비율이 최고 84.76%를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2004

The composition of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura and Artemisia capillaris Thunberg collected from two diffenent cultivation area, respectively, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty components were identified in oils from A. iwayomogi. The major components of A. iwayomogi oil collected from one area (Sample A) were iso-pinocamphone (31.64%), 1,8-cineo1e (21.55%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (4.46%), pinocarvone (3.72%), myrtenal (3.42%) and trans-pinocarve1 (3.14%), and the major components of the oil from the other area (Sample B) were camphor (26.99%), 1,8-cineo1e (21.55%), ${\alpha}-terpineol$ (7.63%), borneol (4.10%), camphene (3.97%) and artemisia ketone (3.84%). Eighty components were identified in oils from A. capillaris. The major components were capillene $(26.01{\sim}30.31%)$, ${\beta}-pinene(8.55{\sim}18.38%)$, ${\beta}-caryophyllene(8.80{\sim}13.70%)$, ${\beta}-himachalene(1.67{\sim}5.57%)$, $cis,trans- {\alpha}-farnesene(2.10{\sim}7.38%)$ and germacrene D $(2.27{\sim}5.46%)$ and there was no difference in oil composition of A. capillaris between two cultivation area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-166
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• 1977

Some biochemical features of varietal variation in seed protein and their implications for soybean breeding for high protein were pursued employing 86 soybean varieties of Korea, Japan, and the U.S.A. origins. Also, studied comparatively was the temporal pattern of protein components accumulation during seed development characteristic to the high protein variety. Seed protein content of the 86 soybean varieties varied 34.4 to 50.6%. Non-existence of variety having high content of both protein and oil, or high protein content with average oil content as well as high negative correlation between the content of protein and oil (r=-0.73$^{**}$) indicate strongly a great difficulty to breed high protein variety while conserving oil content. The total content of essential amino acids varied 32.82 to 36.63% and the total content of sulfur-containing amino acids varied 2.09 to 2.73% as tested for 12 varieties differing protein content from 40.0 to 50.6%. The content of methionine was positively correlated with the content of glutamic acid, which was the major amino acid (18.5%) in seed protein of soybean. In particular, the varieties Bongeui and Saikai ＃20 had high protein content as well as high content of sulfur-containing amino acids. The content of lysine was negatively correlated with that of isoleucine, but positively correlated with protein content. The content of alanine, valine or leucine was correlated positively with oil content. The seed protein of soybean was built with 12 to 16 components depending on variety as revealed on disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 86 varieties were classified into 11 groups of characteristic electrophoretic pattern. The protein component of Rm=0.14(b) showed the greatest varietal variation among the components in their relative contents, and negative correlation with the content of the other components, while the protein component of Rm=0.06(a) had a significant, positive correlation with protein content. There was sequential phases of rapid decrease, slow increase and stay in the protein content during seed development. Shorter period and lower rate of decrease followed by longer period and higher rate of increase in protein content during seed development was of characteristic to high protein variety together with earlier and continuous development at higher rate of the protein component a. Considering the extremely low methionine content of the protein component a, breeding for high protein content may result in lower quality of soybean protein.n.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.128.1-128.1
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• 2012

최근 태양주기 21, 22, 23을 지나 24주기로 감에 따라 태양활동의 지표인 태양상수, 행성간 자기장, 태양극자기장 등과 같은 여러 태양물리량들이 감소하여 태양 활동이 약화되었고 23/24주기의 극소기가 길어졌다. 태양 자기장의 극성은 대체로 Dipole의 형태로 근사하여 나타나지만 dipole 뿐만 아니라 Quadrupole 등과 같은 다중극의 합으로 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO)에서 제공하는 21주기부터 23주기 동안의 총 태양 자기장의 구조화 함수 coefficient의 세기, dipole 성분 및 Multipole 성분의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 최근 23 태양주기 시작 이후로 총 태양 자기장의 세기가 감소하는 추세를 보이며 21, 22주기에 비해 23주기에 multipole 성분 보다 dipole 성분이 더 큰 감소율을 보여 dipole이 약해지고 multipole이 강해진 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 태양활동 변화에 Multipole 성분도 중요한 역할을 한다고 볼 수 있다. 전반적으로 태양활동 극대기에는 dipole의 세력이 약하고 극소기에는 dipole의 세력이 강하게 나타난다. 또한 태양주기 23/24의 극소기일 때, 다중극 성분 중 특히 Quadrupole 성분이 차지하는 비율이 두드러지게 증가하였다. 태양활동 극소기에 23/24주기처럼 태양활동이 더 저조해지면 상대적으로 quadrupole 성분이 증가하게 되는 것으로 여겨진다. 그러므로, 다음 태양주기 24/25의 극소기에는 태양활동이 더 약해져서 Quadrupole 성분이 더욱 두드러지게 증가하게 될 것으로 예측된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.82-87
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• 1998

단고추의 자루재배에 의한 양액재배시 $NO_3$$^{-}$ 와 $NH_4$$^{+}$의 비율을 8:2와 10:0으로 하였을 때, 배지 종류에 따른 생육, 수량 및 무기성분 흡수에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배지의 무기성분 중 P 및 Mg는 버미큘라이트+왕겨에서, K는 펄라이트+버미큘라이트에서 높았다. 배지내 Ca의 농도가 가장 높았으며, 8:2보다 10:0에서 배지내 무기성분의 농도가 높았다. 2. $NO_3$$^{-}$ : $NH_4$$^{+}$ 비율에 따른 양액의 pH 및 EC는 모든 배지에서 작물재배에 적합한 범위를 유지하였으며, pH는 10:0에서 더 안정적이었고, EC는 8:2에서 높게 유지되었다. 3. 초장과 경경은 배지에 따른 생육차가 없었으며, 옆면적은 버미큘라이트+왕겨에서, 생체중, 건물중 등은 피트모스+훈탄에서 무거웠다. 생육은 $NH_4$$^{+}$를 첨가한 8:2의 모든 배지에서 10:0에 비하여 증가하였다. 4. 8:2에서의 과수 및 수량은 버미큘라이트+왕겨에서 17.53개와 1,5889으로 많았으며, 10:0에서의 과수는 버미큘라이트+왕겨에서 16.44개로, 수량은 필라이트+피트모스에서 1,394g으로 많았다. 8:2의 모든 배지에서 10:0에 비하여 과수, 수량, 평균과종, 과경, 과장 및 상품과율 등이 증가하였다. 5. 무기성분은 8:2와 10:0의 경우 $K^{+}$는 잎과 줄기에서, $Ca^{2＋}$ 는 뿌리에서, $Mg^{2＋}$ 는 잎에서 많았으며, $PO_4$$^{-}$ 는 과실과 줄기에서 많았다. 배지간에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2＋}$ 및 $Mg^{2＋}$ 는10:0에서, $PO_4$$^{-}$ 는 8:2에서 각각 많았다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.648-652
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• 2003

Precise and rapid method out for distinguishing blended sesame oils through the electronic nose analysis was developed. Sesame oil was blended with corn oil at the ratio of 95 : 5, 90: 10, and 80 : 20 (w/w), respectively. Samples were then analyzed by gas chromatography, SPME-GC/MS, and the electronic nose composed of 12 different metal oxide sensors. Sensitivities $(delta\;R_{gas}/R_{air})$ of sensors from electronic nose were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Proportion of the first principal component was 98.76%.