• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.72-87
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• 2016

The study is to investigate whether the transforming leadership of the owners who run the small-sized restaurants in Busan has a moderating effect of gender on influential relationship between TMX and organizational citizenship behavior. To achieve the goal, the moderating effect of gender, systematic causality and the degree of connection of the whole pattern were investigated using Structural Equation Modeling between the factors drawn with the software packages, SPSS statistics (V 21.0) and AMOS (V 18.0). According to the result from the investigation, there is the meaningful causality both in the relationship between transforming leadership of the owners who run small restaurants and TMX, and in the relationship between TMX and organizational citizenship behavior. The moderating effect of gender was shown from the effect of intellectual stimulus on TMX and the causality between TMX and organizational citizenship behavior. The outcome suggests that the transforming leadership of the owners and the free communication with employees would be helpful for the prosperity of their businesses. In addition, intellectual stimulus has a moderating effect on TMX while TMX has the same effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This also implies that the degree of the effect on TMX an organizational citizenship behavior depends on the gender.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.63-74
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• 2018

Youth unemployment including college graduates has become more serious in recent years. It is very necessary to study the factors affecting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. These days, the number of female entrepreneurs has been increased dramatically. There have been many successful entrepreneurs with technology background in Korea. Until now, there have been not so many empirical studies examining moderating effects of gender and college major. A lot of studies have examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of college students. The purpose of this article is to examine gender and major as moderators in the relationship. Until now, there has been very few research investigating the moderating effects of gender and major on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Survey questionaries were given to 400 college students randomly chosen in Gangwon-do. Finally, 334 surveys were used to analyze the relationship. The findings of our study are as follows. First, similar to previous studies, entrepreneurial orientation of college students has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, participation both in school entrepreneurship courses and out of school entrepreneurship education does positively affect entrepreneurial intention. Gender and major are moderating variables between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Third, compared to male students, female students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, compared to Non-STEM students, STEM students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Thus, in order to improve entrepreneurial intention among college students, it is very important to develop entrepreneurial orientation, especially for female and STEM college students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify the impact of adolescents' dietary behavior on their stress perception and provide basic data for education programs linked to customized nutrition education by gender. In this study, the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used, and a total of 57,303 middle·high school students were selected. Controlling adolescents' age, school record, economic status, residence type, subjective health and body type perception, and the dietary life variables designed with breakfast, fresh foods(fruit, vegetables, milk, water), processed foods(carbonate beverage, energy beverage, sweet beverage, fast food) were analyzed to have an effects on the stress recognition of adolescents. Breakfast had a negative(-) effect on stress perception in all genders of adolescents, and in the case of fresh food, water for boys and fruit for girls had the highest negative(-) effect on stress perception, and in the case of processed foods, energy drink was the dietary factor that had the highest positive(+) effect on adolescents' stress perception. These results suggest that it is necessary to develop a dietary education program tailored to the gender of adolescents to improve their stress perception, and to provide continuous guidance to form a healthy diet.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.61-89
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of sex of supervisor on the stress and promotion of Korean women workers in the workplace using the Korean Women Manager Panel. The results demonstrate that when the direct boss of female workers was female, stress in the workplace was high and the promotion rate of staff and assistant managers was low. According to the theory of queen bee phenomenon and role congruity theory, a structure of glass ceiling and the male-dominated working culture does not require positive qualities of female leadership but requires a high recognition standard or competitiveness. It can be interpreted that the female worker with the female supervisor showed more stress in the workplace and the probability of female promotion in staff and assistant managers is low.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.411-422
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• 2014

This study analyzed how average GPA (grade point average) changes as the number of completed semesters increases based on the estimates of intercept, slope, and quadratic term. The students included in this study are those who was admitted in 2011 and took 6 consecutive semesters. More precisely, it was analyzed if intercept, slope and quadratic term of average GPA were different between gender and selection method. The results showed that the intercept was different between selection method, the slope was different between gender, but the quadratic term was different between neither selection method nor gender.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.750-759
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• 2016

This study is to demonstrate the effects of working hour on the workers' subjective well-being. Working hour, in this study, means working time per a day and the generosity of weekly holiday. Firstly, the effects of working hour on the worker's well-being will be analyzed. Secondly, it will be investigated if the effects of working hour on the worker's well-being change according to the existence of the family member who needs care. The results of the analysis show that longer working hour and the lower generosity of weekly holiday decrease workers' well being. If workers have family member who needs care, the effects of working hour and the generosity of weekly holiday on the worker's well-being are not significant. It contrasts to the result that women are more satisfactory to their lives than men in cases they don't have family member who needs care. It is supposed that these results are closely related with the enormous gender gap of care time in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.653-664
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• 2020

The first purpose of this study is to understand the impact of the emotional intelligence of golf coaches on customer citizenship behavior. The second is to verify the moderating effects of gender roles in the relationship between emotional intelligence and customer citizenship behavior. In order to achieve the research purposes, 5 indoor and outdoor golf driving ranges were selected in Cheongju, and 318 customers were selected as the objects. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 software was used. The following were identified as the result of the analysis. First, besides 'Emotional Control' and 'Helping Others' all four sub-factors of the golf coach's emotional intelligence had a noticeable influence on customer citizenship behavior. Second, the influence of emotional intelligence differed according to the gender of coaches. In the case of male coaches, emotional intelligence had an impact on all factors except transmission. In the case of women, it was found that feedback, helping others and emotional control had an impact on all factors except transmission. Therefore, these results show that in-depth research on the emotional intelligence of golf coaches is required. They also suggest that there will be a need to study how the gender of the coach affects customer citizenship behavior.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 1994

본 연구는 미국백인 고등학생들의 성별에 따른 직업소망을 가족배경변인과 시간제 취업경험을 중심으로 살펴보고 각 변인들이 남학생과 여학생에게 어떠한 영향을 끼치는가를 분석해보는데 의의가 있다 본연구는 미국 North Carolina주의 농촌지역에 위치한 고등학교 에 재학하고 있는 학생들중 시간제취업에 종사하고 있는 남학생 189명과 여학생 169명을 분 석대상으로 하였다. 가정배경변인과 시간제취어변인이 고등학생들의 직업소망에 어떠한 영 향을 미치는가에 대하여 경로모델을 제시하였고 모델을 사용하여 남학생과 여학생의 직업소 망에 영향을 미치는 정도를 검사하였다 남학생의 경우 아버지의 교육정도 어머니의 직업수 준 그리고 사회적 개방태도가 그들의 직업 소망에 영향을 미쳤으며 여학생의 경우에는 학업 성적만이 유일하게 직업소망에 영향을 미치는 변인으로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.257-265
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• 2000

진기함추구성향 (novelty seeking)이란 새롭고 다양한 경험을 추구하는 소비자의 욕구로서, 혁신행동의 인지적 근본으로 간주되기도 한다. 본 연구는 소비자의 진기함추구성향, 패션혁신행동, 그리고 대인영향력간의 관계를 조사하고, 이러한 관계가 성별(gender)에 따라 차이가 있는지 조사하였다. 대학생집단을 표본으로 한 설문지조사를 통해 자료가 수집되었으며 , 539장의 응답자가 분석되었다. 여자대학생이 모든 변인(진기함추구, 패션혁신행동, 대인영향력, 의복흥미, 정보추구)에 있어 남자대학생보다 높은 경향을 나타냈으나, 변인들간의 관계에 있어서는 뚜렷한 성차가 보이지 않았다. 정보추구행동이 패션혁신행동에 영향을 주는 공통변인으로, 의복흥미, 정보추구활동, 패션혁신행동이 대인영향력에 영향을 주는 공통변인들로 나타났으나 진기함추구성향은 패션혁신 행동과 대인영향력에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 새로움과 다양함을 시도하려는 성향/의도는 채택이라는 실질적인 행동을 수반하는 패션혁신행동을 예측하는데는 충분하지 않은 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5273-5281
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of health related departments' self-efficacy on stress-coping strategies by setting up grade and sex as regulating variables and figure out their mediating effects. To attain the goal, a survey was conducted to 1,442 undergraduates attending S University, and the results went through analysis by using SPSS and AMOS. To sum up the study results, preference of difficult project exerted negative effects on avoidance-centeredness. Self confidence had negative effects on avoidance-centeredness. Self-regulating efficacy indicated positive effects on social support-orientation and problem solving-centeredness while avoidance-centeredness showed negative effects. Regarding effects among self-efficacy's subfactors, confidence, self-regulating efficacy, and preference for task difficulty, and stress-coping strategies' subfactors, social support-orientation, problem solving-centeredness, and avoidance-centeredness, there was difference found in the model by grade, but there was no difference found by sex.