• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.278-288
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• 2007

Shrimp culture in Korea had been rapidly developed during 1990's and the production of farmed shrimp reached 3,268 mt from 2,605 ha in 2001. However the shrimp production decreased to 2,368 mt in 2004 because of the mass mortality due to outbreak of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). WSSV which is one of the most serious threats associated with cultured shrimp around the world has given the economic damages to shrimp culture industry every year since it was found from the shrimp ponds in the west coast of the South Korea in 1993. Various polyculture technologies of shrimp with shellfish, finfish or seaweeds have been implemented to reduce economic damages by mass mortalities of shrimp. Among them, the polyculture of shrimp with carnivorous fish can suppress or delay the viral outbreak of shrimp ponds because the fish may selectively eat the moribund shrimps infected by virus. To determine the selective predatory effect of river puffer Takifugu obscures on WSSV infected shrimp, postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei and Fenneropenaeus chinensis. One-year old river puffers were stocked to four earthen ponds of $1,616-1,848\;m^2$ in surface area as followings: polyculture LvP, L. vannamei ($43.4/m^2$)+puffer ($0.22/m^2$); control Lv, L. vannamei ($46.9/m^2$); polyculture FcP, F. chinensis ($30.3/m^2$)+puffer ($0.25/m^2$); control Fc, F. chinensis ($24.6/m^2$). Ponds of control Fc and polyculture FcP had mass mortalities by WSSV outbreak on the $51^{st}$ and $57^{th}$ days of culture respectively. The shrimps of polyculture LvP and control Lv were harvested on the $95^{th}\;day$. Shrimp survival rates of polyculture LvP and control Lv were 32.4% and 18.2% respectively and shrimp productivity of polyculture LvP was 69.2% higher than that of control Lv. Concentration of nutrients (TAN, $NO_2-N$, $NO_3-N$) was maintained within optimal ranges for shrimp growth although that of polyculture ponds showed at least two times higher than that of control ponds. The results suggest that polyculture of L. vannamei with river puffer is higher than monoculture in survival rate and productivity. In addition, F. chinensis should be carefully cultured because this species shows much higher susceptibility to WSSV than L. vannamei.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1996

본 조사는 경기도 용인에 위치한 명지대학교의 남녀 대학생 202명의 대상으로 일반 환경과 혈철지질, 혈압, 체지방량 측정 검사를 중심으로 이루어졌으며, 조사 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 대상자의 신체발달 상황을 보면 남자의 평균 신장과 체중 및 비체중치는 173.1cm, 65.9kg, 38.03이였고, 여자는 16.7cm, 52.4kg, 32.6로 한국인 성인의 표준치와 매우 유사한 수치였다. 체지방량 비율은 남자 16.4, 여자 24.0으로 나타 설별에 따른 차이가 뚜렸하였다. 2, 조사 대상자들의 수축기와 이완기의 혈압은 평균 $125\pm123mmHg,$ $77.2\pm11.1mmHg이고,$ 남자와 여자의 수축기 혈압은 각각 $132.3\pm1.9mmHg,$ $118.1\pm1.6mmhg로$ 정상 범위였다.확장기 혈압은 남녀 각각 $80.5\pm11.0mmHgm$ $73.9\pm102.m,Hg였으며$ 역시 정상범위에 포함되었다. 3. 혈청 지질의 검사 결과는 Tc는 남자 175.2mg/dl, 여자 183.6mg/dl로 나타났고 TG는 남자 108.4mg/dl, 여자 72.0mg/dl로 나타나 통RP적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. (p<0.05). 또한 HDL-C는 남자 59.6mg/dl , 여자 64.3mg/dl 로 성별에 다른 유의적인 차이를 보였고 (p<0.05), LDL-C도 역시 남자 93.9mg/dl, 여자 104.8mg/dl로 나타나 통계적으로 성별에 다른 차이가 뚜렷하였다. (p<0.01). 조사결과 다른 연령층의 성인과는 달리 TG를 제외한 TC, H이-C, L이-C에 있어서 남자가 여자 보다 더 낮은 수치를 보였다. 4. 혈압에 따라 세 그룹으로 분류한 후 혈청 지질과의 관계를 보면, 수축기 혈아이 증가함에 따라 TC, TG, LDL-C은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, HDL-C은 감소되었으나 통계적으인 유의성은 없었다. 이완기혈압의 겨우 89mmHg 이하 보다 90~94mmHg의 경우에 유의적으로 증가되었으며 (p<0.05) HDL-C은 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 5. 혈정 지질과 비만도의 관계는 남녀 모두 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으나 여자보다 남자에서 뚜fut이 나타났다. 남자의 겨우 TC의 수치가 KI에 따라 110% 미만일 때 $169.7\pm31.5mg/dl,$ 110~120%일 때 $193.8\pm36.8mg/dl,$ 120% 이상 일 때 $202.2\pm29.3mg/dl로$ 비만도에 따른 유의적인 증가를 (p<0.05)보여주었으나 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. TG의 수치는 남자의 경우 KI가 110%미만인 그룹은 $102.9\pm108.2mg/dl,$ 120% 이상인 그룹은 $112.2\pm40.0mg/dl로$ 비만도가 증가함에 따라 TG가 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 여자의 경우 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 남자의 경우 HDL-C은 비만도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나(p<0.05) 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 6. 조사 대상자의 체지방량 측정결과 체기방률은 남자의 겨우 16.4% 여자의 겨우 24.0%로 나타나 여자의 체지방률이 남자보다 높았다. 7. 신체계측치, 혈압, 혈청 지질간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 TC, TG는 KI, BMI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였고 (p<0.01), HCL-C은 비체중, BMI, LBM, TBM와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, (p<0.01), KI, SBP와도 음의 상관관계를 보였다. (p<0.05), LCL-C는 KI와 유의적이인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며 (p<0.01) BF%, TBF, BMI와도 양의 상관관계를 나타냈었다. (p<0.05). 또한 LPH, Al는 모두 나이, 비체중, BMI, KI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. (p<0.01). 이상을 종합해 보면 본 조사 대상자들은 비만도가 높아질수록 혈청 지질 수준이 놓았으며, 이완기 혈압도 형철 지질과 상관관계를 나타났다. 대학생의 혈청 지질과 체지방에 대한 자료가 부족함을 고려할 때, 본 조사자료가 학생의 혈청지질의 체지방에 대한 기초 자료로서 이용될 것을 기대하며 보다 다각적인 연구가 이루어지기를 바라는 바이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1090-1098
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• 2016

The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Grateloupia crispata (GCEE) were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. There was no cytotoxic effect on proliferation of macrophages treated with GCEE compared to the control. GCEE significantly inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$] as well as nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, GCEE suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ in a dose-dependent manner. GCEE significantly reduced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. In the in vivo test, evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of GCEE was performed using croton oil-induced ear edema in ICR mice. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg of GCEE significantly reduced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner compared to croton oil-induced mice. Moreover, GCEE reduced ear thickness and the number of mast cells compared to croton oil-induced mice in the histological analysis. These data suggest that GCEE could be used as a potential source for anti-inflammatory agents.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.7
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• pp.1149-1154
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• 2003

Due to various requirements for the user access control to large databases in the hospitals and the banks, database security has been emphasized. There are many security models for database systems using wide variety of policy-based access control methods. However, they are not functionally enough to meet the requirements for the complicated and various types of access control. In this paper, we propose a database security system that can individually control user access to data groups of various sites and is suitable for the situation where the user's access privilege to arbitrary data is changed frequently. Data group(s) in different sixes d is defined by the table name(s), attribute(s) and/or record key(s), and the access privilege is defined by security levels, roles and polices. The proposed system operates in two phases. The first phase is composed of a modified MAC (Mandatory Access Control) model and RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) model. A user can access any data that has lower or equal security levels, and that is accessible by the roles to which the user is assigned. All types of access mode are controlled in this phase. In the second phase, a modified DAC(Discretionary Access Control) model is applied to re-control the 'read' mode by filtering out the non-accessible data from the result obtained at the first phase. For this purpose, we also defined the user group s that can be characterized by security levels, roles or any partition of users. The policies represented in the form of Block(s, d, r) were also defined and used to control access to any data or data group(s) that is not permitted in 'read ' mode. With this proposed security system, more complicated 'read' access to various data sizes for individual users can be flexibly controlled, while other access mode can be controlled as usual. An implementation example for a database system that manages specimen and clinical information is presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.306-313
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to understand the physiological responses and resistance of red pine trees to ozone exposure in relation to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Potted one-year-old seedlings of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were exposed in an open-top chamber(OTC) to ozone at concentration of 0.12ppm for 3 hours daily for eight weeks with or without N and P fertilization alone or in combination. The OTC had dimensions of 2.0m in height and 2.5m in diameter, and the air in a control chamber was filtered with activated charcoal to maintain the ozone concentration below 0.02ppm. After eight weeks of ozone exposure, none of the seedlings showed any symptoms of visible injury on leaves. The seedlings fertilized with N and P in a control chamber showed 22 to 95% increase in total dry weight, and similar fertilizer effect was also noticed in an ozone chamber. Ozone treatment did not decrease the total dry weight, but increased shoot/root ratio by 14.5%. Ozone treatment increased sucrose content in the leaves by 23%, but decreased sucrose content in roots by 20% regardless of N or P application. Starch content in the leaves was not affected by either ozone or fertilizer. However, starch content in the roots was decreased by 41% by ozone treatment. Chlorophyll content in the leaves was increased by 70% by N application, but was not affected by ozone treatment. Nitrogen and P fertilization stimulated net photosynthesis by 80% in a control chamber, but stimulatory effect of N and P on net photosynthesis was 22.3% less in an ozone chamber. Net photosynthesis of the seedlings with no fertilization was not affected by ozone treatment. Based on the observed interactions between N, P, and ozone, it was concluded that the stimulatory effect of fertilization on growth of Pinus densiflora would be decreased by ozone treatment, but fertilization would increase resistance to ozone by re-allocation of increased carbohydrates.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-117
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• 2003

Objective: This study is to examine the validity and reliability of Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test among normal children in elementary school. Methods: K-ABC, K-PIC, and Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test were performed to the 120 body of normal children(10 of each male and female) from June, 2002 to January, 2003. Those children had over the average of intelligence and passed the rule out criteria. To verify test-retest reliability for those 30 children who were randomly selected, Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test was carried out again 4 weeks later. Results: As a results of correlation analysis for validity test, four of continues performance tests matched with those on adults. In the memory tests, results presented the same as previous research with a difference between forward test and backward test in short-term memory. In higher cognitive function tests, tests were consist of those with different purpose respectively. After performing factor analysis on 43 variables out of 12 tests, 10 factors were raised and the total percent of variance was 75.5%. The reasons were such as: 'sustained attention, information processing speed, vigilance, verbal learning, allocation of attention and concept formation, flexibility, concept formation, visual learning, short-term memory, and selective attention' in order. In correlation with K-ABC to prepare explanatory criteria, selectively significant correlation(p<.0.5-001) was found in subscale of K-ABC. In the test-retest reliability test, the results reflecting practice effect were found and prominent especially in higher cognitive function tests. However, split-half reliability(r=0.548-0.7726, p<.05) and internal consistency(0.628-0.878, p<.05) of each examined group were significantly high. Conclusion: The performance of Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test in normal children represented differ developmental character than that in adult. And basal information for preparing the explanatory criteria could be acquired by searching for the relation with standardized intelligence test which contains neuropsycological background.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.165-201
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the development of language education of Christian early childhood education by exploring the change of pre-Christian preschool teachers through the development of biblical language education activities. Interviews, surveys, action plans, and reflections of 19 Christian education students who participated in the development of bible-based language education activities for children based on the language of early childhood language, were conducted from September 3 to December 28, 2018. The data were collected through a portfolio. By analyzing the collected data, the key categories were derived and categorized. For the objectification of data analysis and interpretation, two thematic and early childhood education specialists were identified. As a result, the preparatory Christian teacher experience for the development of bible-based langage education activities for young children was categorized into cognitive change, personality change and practical change. First, through the development of bible-based early childhood language education activities, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers have brought cognitive changes as 'processes not outcomes', 'integration not separation', 'living non-curriculum' and 'meaning not effect'. In developing bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers experienced a cognitive change in the 'process of language education activities' rather than the developmental achievements and results of early childhood language education. Christian pre-service early childhood teachers recognized the necessity of 'integration of listening-speaking-reading-writing', not the separation of early childhood language education. They recognized the importance of 'informal language education in kindergarten life', as well as teacher-centered formal language education. In addition, they have made a cognitive change that 'child-centered meaningful language education experience' is more important than the effectiveness of early childhood language education. Second, in developing bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers showed personality changes as 'confident teachers', 'professional teachers', and 'teachers with reflective thoughts and attitudes'. Finally, in developing bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers recognized the power of positive language and practiced it to form habits of using the right language and to link Christian education with early childhood education. Through the development of bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers are equipped with the heart attitude and enthusiasm required to become true early childhood teachers for young children in unpredictable educational conditions and rapidly changing educational realities. Teacher efficacy has improved. In the future, it is expected that various teacher education programs linking Christian education and early childhood education will be continuously and systematically implemented.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

This study was carried out to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of tuna oil (TO) using LPS-induced inflammation responses and mouse models. First, nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were suppressed up to 50% with increasing concentrations of TO without causing any cytotoxicity. Also, the expression of a variety of proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), was suppressed in a dosedependent manner by treatment with TO. Furthermore, TO also inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 protein kinase (p38). Moreover, in in vivo testing the formation of ear edema was reduced at the highest dose tested compared to that in the control, and a reduction of ear thickness and the number of mast cells was observed in histological analysis. In acute toxicity test, no mortalities occurred in mice administrated 5,000 mg/kg body weight of TO over a two-week observation period. Our results suggest that TO has a considerable anti-inflammatory property through the suppression of inflammatory mediator productions and that it could prove to be useful as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic material.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.147-175
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• 2016

This thesis aims to research ways for the regional balanced development of cartoon creation & production environment being centered in metropolitan area in Korean cartoon industry which has rapidly changed since 2013. As a cartoon can not only be produced with relative lower production cost comparing to those of other cultural contents industries, but also can be produced only if the minimal requirements for cartoon production is prepared, so the cartoon is a field that the decentralization can be accomplished very easily. Currently, most cartoon-relevant companies and cartoon promotion institutions are located in Seoul an Bucheon, etc. However, cartoon artists live nationwide, and even cartoon artists producing their works abroad are reached to a significant number. In some regions like Daejeon, Busan, Suncheon and Gyeongbuk (Gyeongsangbuk-do), there have been appeared full-scale movement to construct regional cartoon creation & production centers since 2015. This thesis aimed to investigate each region's movement to construct cartoon creation & production center with oversea cases, and to check how such movement could be balanced and harmonized with each region's unique features. First of all, this thesis analyzed the status quo of government's policy nurturing the cartoon industry. Korean government's cartoon-promotion policy around the axis of the Cartoon Industry's Mid.Long-Term Development Plan has been developed around the Korea Creative Content Agency and the Korea Manwha(cartoon) Contents Agency in Bucheon, but as the webtoon industry has rapidly grown up, the necessity for building a cartoon promotion institution in each region has been raised since 2015. With the establishment of 4th Cartoon Industry Mid.Long-Term Development Plan to be executed from 2019, it seems that full-scaled support framework for cartoon regional balanced development should be occupied. For the case of foreign countries, cartoon promotion institutions and relevant events have been developed around regions from early times like San-Diego, USA(Comicon), Angouleme, France(National Image Center), Kyoto (Cartoon Museum), Sakaiminato(Misuki Sigeru Road), Japan gave a lot of implications. In the section of conclusion, this study aimed to suggest the importance of and necessity for establishing a cartoon creation & production center in each region appropriately for the region's identity and characteristics with specific plans. Based on that, this thesis aimed to suggest a vision for cartoon & webtoon industry that regional creation & production system can be settled almost only in the cultural contents industry.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 2016

Brassinosteroid (BR), a plant steroid hormone, plays key roles in numerous growth and developmental processes as well as tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stress. To understand the biological networks involved in BR-mediated signaling pathways and stress tolerance, we performed comparative genome-wide transcriptome analysis of a constitutively activated BR bes1-D mutant with an Agilent Arabidopsis $4{\times}44K$ oligo chip. As a result, we newly identified 1,091 (562 up-regulated and 529 down-regulated) significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The combination of GO enrichment and protein network analysis revealed that stress-related processes, such as metabolism, development, abiotic/biotic stress, immunity, and defense, were critically linked to BR signaling pathways. Among the identified gene sets, we confirmed more than a 6-fold up-regulation of NB-ARC and FLS2 in bes1-D plants. However, some genes, including TIR1, TSA1 and OCP3, were down-regulated. Consistently, BR-activated plants showed higher tolerance to drought stress and pathogen infection compared to wild-type controls. In this study, we newly developed a useful, comprehensive method for large-scale identification of critical network and gene sets with global transcriptome analysis using a microarray. This study also showed that gain of function in the bes1-D gene can regulate the adaptive response of plants to various stressful conditions.