• Korean Architects
• /
• no.8 s.352
• /
• pp.58-61
• /
• 1998

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.346-361
• /
• 2013

Since the Ming Castle located in Nanjing was designated by the Government of China as a cultural property in 1988, the Nanjing city government has been conserving the castle according to its plan and thus restoring the historical and cultural values of Nanjing. The project is still in progress, and in this regard, a series of logistics have formulated and a lot of discussions have taken place. Likewise, Korea has been carrying out multidirectional policies to conserve and utilize castles lying throughout the country, appreciating the historical and cultural resources of castles lying throughout the country, and at the same time gets down to designation as the World Heritage. This study focused on how Nanjing, not only a castle city but also a historical city, had established a principle and legal foundation regarding the protection of the Ming Castle, especially on how the problems, which might continually arise in a process where a scheme reached a working stage, had been solved. The problem-solving process is expected to have great implications for Korea in a similar situation. Hereat, this study analyzed the project plans formulated seasonally and gathered data on practical operation by conducting interviews with hands-on workers. The results showed that Nanjing had carried out policies to utilize the castles as tourism resources by harmonizing cityscape and ecological environment, but that it well conserved castles without damaging cultural assets. The stereoscopic protection system for the Ming Castle, based on the consideration of historical and cultural environments, may provide practical and useful data for Korea's administration mapping out for a castle conservation policy and designation as the UNESCO World Heritage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.240-255
• /
• 2016

In many cities in the East and West during the modern period, historical resources were perceived as obstacles to urban development and were treated as deficiencies calling for development. Korea underwent a process of drastic urbanization and industrialization almost unprecedented in modern history. In this process of turmoil, cities expanded rapidly and went through a series of changes. City development followed a repeated cycle in which resources were concentrated in the city area, which, in turn, led to further development. However, such method of development is reaching its limits. In order to make a city desirable for living, it is crucial to make an effort to build a sustainable city environment where life and history coexist harmoniously. It is now time to consider how to carry forth sustainable development in the city where the past, present, and future coexist. If so, how will the future of our cities look and the form of housing change? To answer this question, we examined Urban Hanok Residential Areas and Hanyangdoseong neighborhood village, which went through rapid changes in the modern period. The Hanok, which was a commonplace sight in the past, has been perceived as an underdeveloped form of housing, easily targeted for redevelopment only a few years ago; so was the case with Hanyangdoseong neighborhood village. Yet now these are being revalued as sustainable housing areas able to coexist with the history of the city. That is, through restoration, their potential of contributing to the history and identity of the city is gaining recognition. In this regard, it holds great implications for us to look at the changes that traditional Korean housing areas and castle villages have undergone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2012

Most of all Castle Remains in Korea were built on an axis of development with a scale of great magnitude. Because of its characteristics, the restoration and conservation plans should be phased in over medium and long term. There is no standards for evaluating the value of Castle Remains to set up the restoration and conservation sections. Some plans were set up through the value evaluation of its Castle Remains but those plans didn't have Evaluation System and different weight depending on different environment between Sanseong(mountain fortress) and Eupsung(fortress built in villages). To solve the limitation of Evaluation System of Castle Remains, this study try to approach in the Evaluation System methodology for selecting restoration sections. The results of its study follow below. First, this study drew the Evaluation Indices for selecting restoration sections of Castle Remains. There are three kinds of Elements(upper Index) and nine kinds of Evaluations(low Index). Second, Calculation of weight index by index on the questionnaire survey from expers through the relative importance analysis of AHP. Third, This study suggests the specific Evaluation System according to types; Sanseong(mountain fortress) and Eupsung(fortress built in villages);. Therefore, this study suggests standards to select the priority list for the restoration and conservation plan process and it can be used one of important standards in future plans.

• Korean Architects
• /
• no.8 s.352
• /
• pp.57-57
• /
• 1998

오늘날의 수원은 도청소재지로서, 서울의 인접도시로서, 수도권의 주요도시로서 다양한 가치를 가지고 존재하고 있다. 이 땅의 어느 곳에나 먼 옛날부터 여러가지 사연들을 가지고 사람들이 살아왔겠지만, 수원은 200년전 어떠한 사연으로 여기에 사람들이 모여 살게 되었고, 도시의 구조는 어떻게 구성되었으며, 오늘까지 어떻게 지내왔는가 하는 것이 다른 도시보다 정확하게 기록되어 있는 드문 도시로서 그 탄생과 성장의 역사를 후손들이 들추어 볼 수 있어, 많은 사람들의 관심을 끌어 왔다. 더구나 1997년에는 유네스코 인류문화유산으로 수원의 화성이 등록되면서 다시 성곽이라는 물리적 요소와 200년이라는 세월 속에 이루어진 공간과 역사는 이 도시의 존재가치와 앞으로 걸어가야 할 길을 진지하게 모색하도록 하였다. 조선조말에 접어들면서 이 땅에서 우리 나름대로 근대의 싹이 돋아 나오던 시절, 새로운 바람이 지식인들과 통치자들 사이에 일어, 수원에 계획도시를 건설하였다. 새로운 사회와 체제를 시도하고 이에 대한 도전을 찬찬히 진행하면서 이 도시의 형상을 갖추어 갔다. 중앙으로부터 시작된 개혁과 변화는 큰 힘을 얻지 못하였고 정조 이후의 수원은 서울과 지방을 잇는 통과도시로서만 역할을 하였다. 근대화하는 과정에서는 농업기술개발의 중심지로서, 산업화 과정에서는 섬유ㆍ전자산업의 본산으로서 도시의 세를 넓혀 나갔다. 최근 들어 우리들의 삶이 문화에 눈을 돌릴 정도로 성숙해져서 이 고장의 정체성에 대해 논하고 많은 사람들이 찾아내려는 노력을 하고 있다. 일상생활과 상관없던 시민들이 생각하고, 새로 맞는 또한 세기에는 화성과 맞먹는 이 시대의 수원다움을 만들어 나가야 하는 것이 이 시대를 사는 사람들의 과제일 것이다. 숱한 과제가 건축사들에게 주어져 있지만 언제나 힘겨운 것이었고 시원한 답을 만들지 못하였다. 그만큼 우리는 눈을 늦게 떴고, 그러는 사이에 도시는 풀어내기 어려운 상태로 변화되어 갔다. '건축사'의 기획 시리즈 수원편을 통하여 지나온 과거를 정리하고 현재의 모습을 살펴보고, 이제부터 우리가 해야 할 일들에 대하여 생각해 보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2010

This research aims to grasp the main factors of the image of Xi'an Ming City Wall Park and the harmony level with city walls and moat based on citizen's consciousness to improve the future design, field survey and the POE method are employed to analyze the image factor and harmony level of the Xi'an Ming City Wall Park. In the literature survey, the related materials were collected to obtain the most useful information for references, POE study of the Xi'an Ming City Wall Park were conducted. The instrument for survey is a questionnaire that includes a portion of questions regarding Xi'an Ming City Wall Park and the design intention of the surroundings of city wall. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS17.0 for Windows). Multiple regression analysis, and correlation analysis were employed along with the use of general descriptive data analysis. The factor analysis of the image of Xi'an Ming City Wall Park identified three factors, "environment" factor, "convenience" factor, "cultural aesthetics" factor, and the most important factor is "environment" factor. Among 14 landscape elements, paving, garden architectures and entrance spaces were identified as important variables which significantly affect the overall level of harmony with the city wall, and the space for rest; waterscape and paving were identified as important variables which significantly affect the overall level of harmony with the moat.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.106-125
• /
• 2020

From 1949 to the present day, many Koguryo sites have been excavated, in North Korea. It can also be said that archaeological surveys and studies in North Korea have triggered Koguryo archaeological studies in South Korea. However, since the 1990s, the excavation of Koguryo sites and archaeological research in North Korea has been carried out as an extension of Daedonggang culture. Therefore, these archaeological surveys focused on the Pyongyang and more general northwestern areas of North Korea, and the conclusion was that Koguryo was a powerful nation with a millennium-long history inherited Gojoseon. Beginning in 1945 in North Korea, the archaeological surveys and related systems were organized, and burial mounds, castles, and city remains were excavated under the idea that Koguryo was a millennium-long, strong nation. In addition, archaeological research has been conducted to validate and confirm this belief. On the notion that Koguryo was founded in 277 BCE, it was insisted that the age of the tombs in Pyongyang was increased and Pyongyang took the position as a Vice Capital in the 4^th Century. Recently an excavation of the castle located in Pyongyang supports the idea that Koguryo inherited Gojoseon on a layered basis. However, the archaeological and conceptual grounds for the founding of Koguryo in the 3^rd Century BCE or the succession of Gojoseon and Koguryo were insufficient. As can be seen from the reconstruction of the royal tombs of the Dongmyung and Dangun, the archaeological surveys in North Korea were criticized for their selective discoveries and arbitrary interpretations. This further supports the necessity for joint excavations and academic exchanges between South and North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.593-612
• /
• 1996

This study concern with the changes of street from the Choseon Dynasty to present days around Old-Boundary in Taegu, analyzing the backgrounds of change factors and development trends of the Taegu City. The basis element of a city structure is the street. Therefore, in this study, a chage of street space of a city was investigted. Historically, Taegu was a walled city and had a Mono-nucleus which was restricted by the castle, and served as a starting point of formation of spatial structuure. The form of the artery street took a "T" pattern, othe streets were formed in irregular shapes. As the city grew gradually, the castle was removed on account of diversification in traffic network, change of socio-economic organization in traffic network, change of socio-economic organization, formation of industrial bases and functional distribution. CBD of this city has been located within the area surrounded by these streets. This is a kind of general pattern of traditional walled cities through the world in both Western and Oriental societies. A s the begining of this centry, a 'Dark Ages' descended upon Korea because the country was under the Japanese-Korean Annexation, and, throughout this period, the urban planning was planned exclusively for Japanese. The street pattern within residential areas of Korea took the maze type, in contrast with Japanese residential areas which showed grid pattern of streets. This is another general pattern of almost of all colonial cities especially in Asia. High class residential areas were planned and built by Japanese, and they were located within 5-10 minutes' on-foot distance from the CBD hard core. This high prestige has continued until the 1980s when it occurred land use succession which commerical functions invaded into residential areas. Back in the colonial period, there was a between two hetrogeneous groups due to the fact that the Japanese lived mainly oriented the new railway system but that Koreans still lived along the old highway system which ran through the Korea Peninsula. Street netwook formed in the above process has maintained its shape without great changes after the liberation form the Japanese Colony. Taegu has, accordingly, developed ring-radial network system which has been a combination of radial and ring facilities. The present conditions of street patterns in Taegy mainly depend on 4 rings and 8 radius, with grid pattern street able to be found in Old Boundary.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.408-420
• /
• 2006

The present study purposed to examine the possibility of developing historicity inherent in places into tourism resources from the view that the history and location of historical cities have the nature of cultural contents. Previous researches on tourism have been focused on tourist facilities, the development of tourist attractions, economic effects, cultural policies, etc. However, the present study makes a cultural approach to historical cities to explore the meaning of places formed through history and the historicity of places, assuming that the temporal and spatial characteristics of Hanseong-bu can be developed into tourism resources. Major places of Hanseong-bu are classified according to their functions and cultural meanings, and these factors are associated with the geographical structure of the area. By landform and cultural characteristics during the Chosun Dynasty, Hanseong-bu is divided into the central part, the boundary area, and the outskirts. In addition, different elements, which can be developed into tourism resources, are found according to the landscape of Hanseong-bu, the character as a dynastic city, the environs inside the wall, and differences among localities reflecting pre-modem lifestyle.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.262-275
• /
• 2003

In this study, the characteristics of locational distribution of the eminent people show their socially and economically stabilized standing in Daegu, taking the aforesaid situation as a background of the study, and the process of this study is as follows ; to examine the forming process of residential areas in the city as a theoretical supporting, to put in order on classical interpretation to formation of residential areas, and general type modem residential areas formation, and economic decision factor of land use. Therefore, this study aims to examine growth and development of eminent persons' residential areas and, at the same time, extract locational characteristics through the pattern of eminent persons' location and predict changes in the future. Furthermore, a long-term development plan of Daegu is expected to contribute to completing formation of sub-centers as well as expanding metropolis areas. Recent efforts by the city government such as the ones to attract prestigious high schools in the upper city areas are also expected to bring out balanced development of the city.