• 한국노년학
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.315-331
• /
• 2014

The goal of this study was to examine the association between employment and depressive symptoms among older adults in Korea, including analysis of potential gender differences. Using a sample of Korean adults aged 60 years or older from the 2008(Time 2) and 2010(Time 3) national longitudinal survey data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we regressed measures of depressive symptoms at Time 3 on employment at Time 2 (and employment both at Time 2 and Time 3), controlling for Time 2 depressive symptoms, subjective physical health, and sociodemographic variables as well. First, there was no evidence that older adults with a job at Time 2 had significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms at Time 3 compared to their counterparts. However, multi-group analyses showed that the effect of employment at Time 2 on depression at Time 3 differed by gender. For older men, employment predicted better mental health over time. However, this was not the case for older women. As such work role provided benefits only for older men. Second, older adults with a job at both Time 2 and Time 3 reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms at Time 3 than older adults who did not have a job either at Time 2 or Time 3. However, only older men who were employed at both Time 2 and Time 3 reported significantly less depression than their counterparts. These findings suggest that the mental health effects of employment are contingent on gender.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.549-567
• /
• 2019

The present study examined whether the relation between relative handgrip strength and cognitive function varied by paid employment status and participation of social activities among Korean older adults. A total of 3,376 Korean adults aged 65 or older were drawn from the 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). Weighted hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine moderating effects of paid employment status and social activities on the relation between relative handgrip strength and cognitive function. After adjusting for covariates, results show that relative handgrip strength has a positive association with cognitive function. Both paid employment status and social activities have positive associations with cognitive function and moderate the relationship between relative handgrip strength and cognitive function. These significant moderating effects show that participating in paid employment and social activities buffer against the effect of lower handgrip strength on cognitive function. Findings from the present study highlight the significant role of active aging in older adults'cognitive function. Implications are discussed in a cultural context.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.241-259
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to study the performance of volunteer work for the elderly from the perspective of self-efficacy and self-extension of the elderly, not from successful aging or productive aging. Through this, the research aims to confirm the expansion of internal growth and self-sufficiency that can occur in old age, and to provide an opportunity to re-examine one's life in old age. In order to verify the purpose of this research, questionnaires were distributed to 300 senior citizens who participated in volunteer activities at the City Hall and the District Office of Busan Metropolitan City over a period of three months from September to November 2018 and used the data from 266 questionnaires for the study, excluding the 34questionnaire answered unfaithfully. The results of the study are as follows. First, the motivation for volunteering activities (value function, social function, understanding function) of the elderly has a positive effect on self-efficacy. Second, the motivation for volunteering activities (value functions, social functions, understanding functions) have a positive effect on self-extension. Third, it has been shown that the elderly's sense of self-efficacy (self-regulation efficacy, confidence) has a positive effect on their self-extension. Fourth, it was found that self-efficacy has a mediated effect on the motivation of the elderly to participate in volunteer activities and the relationship of self-extension. This study identified the relevance of the motivation for volunteering activities of the elderly to influence their effectiveness and self-extension. In particular, the research suggests practical and policy measures for the revitalization of volunteer activities of the elderly by providing a new perspective on the welfare of the elderly by utilizing parameters of self-efficacy, a psychological and social concept for the elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2002.04b
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2002

Oxidative stress derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major damaging factors in plants exposed to environmental stress. In order to develop the platform technology to solve the global food and environmental problems in the 21st century, we focus on the understanding of the antioxidative mechanism in plant cells, the development of oxidative stress-inducible antioxidant genes, and the development of transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to stress. In this report, we describe our recent results on industrial transgenic plants by the gene manipulation of antioxidant enzymes. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts were developed and were evaluated their protection effects against stresses, suggesting that simultaneous overexpression of both SOD and APX in chloroplasts has synergistic effects to overcome the oxidative stress under unfavorable environments. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a human dehydroascorbate reductase gene in chloroplasts were showed the protection against the oxidative stress in plants. Transgenic cucumber plants expressing high level of SOD in fruits were successfully generated to use the functional cosmetic purpose as a plant bioreactor. In addition, we developed a strong oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase promoter, SWPA2 from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). We anticipate that SWPA2 promoter will be biotechnologically useful for the development of transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress and particularly transgenic cell lines engineered to produce key pharmaceutical proteins.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2002

Oxidative stress derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major damaging factors in plants exposed to environmental stress. In order to develop the platform technology to solve the global food and environmental problems in the 21st century, we focus on the understanding of the antioxidative mechanism in plant cells, the development of oxidative stress-inducible antioxidant genes, and the development of transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to stress. In this report, we describe our recent results on industrial transgenic plants by the gene manipulation of antioxidant enzymes. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts were developed and were evaluated their protection effects against stresses, suggesting that simultaneous overexpression of both SOD and APX in chloroplasts has synergistic effects to overcome the oxidative stress under unfavorable environments. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a human dehydroascorbate reductase gene in chloroplasts were showed the protection against the oxidative stress in plants. Transgenic cucumber plants expressing high level of SOD in fruits were successfully generated to use the functional cosmetic purpose as a plant bioreactor. In addition, we developed a strong oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase promoter, SWPA2 from sweetpotato (lpomoea batatas). We anticipate that SWPA2 promoter will be biotechnologically useful for the development of transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress and particularly transgenic cell lines engineered to produce key pharmaceutical proteins.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.19 no.5 s.67
• /
• pp.335-350
• /
• 2006

Due to the development in industrial technology, changes in consumer behavior and aggravating competition within the industry, it is growing only harder every day to build up a strong brand power. Besides, a brand is supposed to age as time goes by, following a brand life cycle, as it is not a solid, immutable asset but something of a living creature. Therefore, self-renovation and revitalization efforts are needed, in order to incessantly confirm the self existence through the relationship with the consumer. In sum, revitalization operation is needed to renew a brand that has grown trite in the passage of time or due to the change in market condition, so as to bring it back anew to the consumers. This study did not stop at measuring the effect of a design renewal as a short-term assignment, but focused on the long-term brand management following the brand life cycle and aimed to define the effective timing and method of revitalization by comprehending the analysis results of consumer consciousness by analyzing the successful cases of brand revitalization and selecting the research analysis targets. As a result, this study proved that a properly-timed brand revitalization efforts in order to cope in advance with predictable changes in environment, can significantly prevent any drop of brand equity from occurring and then extend the brand life cycle. Also, this study could find that a brand revitalization is not a mere concept of a strategy for a short-term sales increase, but should be a long-term strategy to manage a brand, which must be practiced continuously in the time when the brand life cycle curve starts to fall. This research could also confirm that a superficial design renewal, which changes only the packaging of a brand, peformed in short-term haste, is not of help at all.