• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1994

To find out suitable indoor rearing tank shape and stocking density of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai, young abalones were reared in the square or ellipse shape tanks with various stocking densities and were fed dried sea mustard, Undaria Pinnatifida HARVEY for three years. There were no significant differences between the square rearing tank and the ellipse one in growth rate and survival rate. With regard to vertical design of rearing tanks with three floors, the significant differences were not found among culture floors. However, the growth and survival rates of young abalones from the running water system were significantly higher than those of the abalones from the circulating system (P< 0.05). For the stocking density experiment with 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 individuals of 20 mm young abalone, there was no significant differences in growth and survival rates among these groups. However, in that of 200-400 individuals of 40 mm abalone and 100-300 individuals of 50 mm abalone, the lower stocking density of young abalone showed the higher growth and survival rates. The lower stocking density and the smaller size of young abalones showed the higher daily feeding rate and feed efficiency.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted for the physiological and growth responses of yearling sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus (total length 24.4$\pm$1.5 cm, body weight 125.4$\pm$25.4 g) by the manipulation of salinity. To study the physiological responses of the sea bass by acute salinity change, we changed water salinity from 30 ppt into 2 ppt in rearing tank through 1 hour or 6 hour. To access the effect of salinity in the growth of sea bass, we also examined the growth of the sea bass in 2, 10, 20 and 30 ppt for 180 days. After salinity change, all yearlings appeared some stress response and ions changes in blood. The yearlings showed a slow recovery by an acute salinity exchange, but a fast recovery by slow salinity exchange. In the study about the influence of salinity in growth, although the food intake of yearlings in 20 ppt was significantly higher than the yearling in the other salinities, feed efficiency was higher in 10 ppt than the other salinities. However, the food intake and the feed efficiency in 2 ppt were significantly lower than in other groups. The growth of yearlings was significantly faster in 20 ppt than in the other salinities, but the growth showed significantly slower in 2 ppt than in the other salinities.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2007

Stink bug species and host plants occurred in fallow lands for rice product regulation were studied in Honam area from 2004 to 2005. A total of 26 bug species in 8 families were surveyed in the fallow lands. Population density of Cletus punctiger adult reached its peak in July and was higher in fallow lands close to mountain area in Muan. Population density of stink bug species occurred in plain area of Wanju were significantly low in 2004 and population density of C. punctiger adult reached its peak in July and August in fallow lands in 2005. Five species of stink bug including C. punctiger immigrated from fallow lands to rice fields in August, and three other species including Cletus schmidti in September. Eight stink bug species which were observed to feed on weeds in fallow lands were C. punctiger, C. schmidti, Eurydema gebleri, Pachygrontha antennata, Trigonotylus caelestialium, Aelia fieberi, Eysarcoris aeneus, and Nezara antennata.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between body mass index (BMI), satisfaction of perceived somatotype, and eating disorder of 133 female college students from Gyeong-gi province. The average weight is $55.3{\pm}8.8kg$, and the BMI is categorized into three groups: underweight, normal weight, and overweight. In terms of the satisfaction for perceived somatotype, 58.6% of the total respondents replied "unsatisfied," which consists of 14% of the underweight group, 37.6% of the normal weight group, and 6.8% of the overweight group. This reveals that the negative association between the satisfaction levels of perceived somatotype and BMI in the normal weight group is statistically significant (p<0.001). Among three eating disorder scores, the first factor, the drive for thinness, shows significant difference (p<0.005) among groups with 2.82 points in the underweight group, 3.38 points in the normal weight group, and 3.86 points in the overweight group; such result shows that there is a drive for being skinny even within the underweight group. Second, the satisfaction levels of perceived somatotype type shows significant dissatisfaction among all groups with 3.41 points in the underweight group, 4.15 points in the normal weight group and 4.73 points in the overweight group. Third, the bulimia degree reveals a significant difference within each group, 2.15 points in the underweight group, 2.33 points in the normal weight group, and 2.78 points in the overweight group. Overall, more than half of the female college students are dissatisfied with their body shapes despite the fact that they are under or within the normal weight. In addition, the drive for being skinny and dissatisfaction levels of perceived somatotypes appear to be significantly higher with higher BMI levels.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.160-172
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• 2020

To understand on-site feeding traits of Noctiluca scintillans with unprecedented high abundances around Dokdo in spring, 2014, the composition and abundance of food items in the digestive vacuole of the species were analyzed. Abundances of N. scintillans ranged from 4,328~17,791 inds.m^-3 around Dokdo during the study. The incidence of preyed items in the vacuole of N. scintillans ranged by averaged 32% (24~50%) in the surface waters around Dokdo. Diverse preyed items consisted of fecal pellet, protozoans, pollen, diatoms, dinoflagellates, copepods and ichtyoplankton, while fecal pellets were dominantly fed by N. scintillans (43%) and next by protozoans (19%), pollen (18%), diatoms (7%) and dinoflagellates (4%). Fecal pellet, protozoans and pollen were relatively preferred by N. scintillans compared to diatoms, dinoflagellates and ichtyoplankton based on the incidence in the food vacuoles. Present results indicated that high abundance of N. scintillans found around Dokdo was likely associated with non-phytoplankton items rather than previously well-known diatoms as prey during the study.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

This study, tasting 14 months, was conducted to investigate the effects of different pen size and group size on growing-fattening characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Forty-eight, 12-month-old Hanwoo steers($305.8{\pm}32.2\;kg$) were randomly assigned to three groups($35.28\;m^2$; n=4 heads, $70.56\;m^2$; n=8 heads, $105.84\;m^2$; n=12 heads) and reared in separate pens with a constant space allowance of $8.82m^2$ per head from 12 to 21 month of age and then regrouped to 4 heads per pen. A common diet including concentrate(limited) and forage(ad lib) was provided to all the animals. Images of live animal ultrasonic back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and Marbling score were evaluated in three months interval from 12 months of age using an ultrasound equipment(HS-2000) at the 13th rib and lumber vertebra interface of left side. Significant differences of ADG was found mainly at $15{\sim}18$ month and $18{\sim}21$ month fattening stages(p<0.05). Marbling score(MS) was higher(p<0.05) in 12 heads group when compared with that of 4 and 8 heads groups after 18 months. Animals in 12 heads group had the lowest Average daily gain(ADG) but showed the highest longissimus muscle area(LMA) and marbling score(MS). In addition, Hanwoo steers in 12 heads group obtained a higher quality appearance(HQA) of 82.7% than that of other treatments. The results indicated that Hanwoo steers housed on large group size and pen size decreased their ADG but improved meat quality.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine ($T_3$) at 0, 10, 20, 50, 100 ppm on growth and survival rate in juvenile black seabream held at $27.9{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$ for 50 days. Fish were fed the $T_{3}$ experimental diet for 4() days by hand to satiation in $2{\~}4$ times per day. After 50 days period, food intake rate (${\%}$), feed efficiency (${\%}$), survival rate (${\%}$), growth of weight and length (specific growth rates), and condition factor were measured. Food intake rate was inversely related to the dietary $T_{3}$ level. But feed efficiency was not changed by $T_{3}$ level. $T_{3}$ slightly improved survival rate of larvae. Survival rate of larvae from 100 ppm was significantly higher than that of fish from control. Dietary $T_{3}$ influenced growth in length and weight. Growth of black seabream fed a diet containing 10 ppm of $T_{3}$ was significantly higher than that of fish fed control. However 100 ppm of $T_{3}$ induced the inhibition for length and weight growth. The condition factor was inversely related to the dietary $T_{3}$ content.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 1995

Seasonality in biomass and egg Production was investigated for Calanus sinicus, one of the major copepods in Asan Bay, Korea. Biomass of this species in this restricted embayment showed only one Peak in spring, but e99 Production showed two Peaks, spring (April and May) and fall (September). Average egg Productions during the spawnlng seasons were 16.3 egg/female/day (spring) and 7.6eggs/female/day (fall) with maximum egg Production of 39.0 eggs/female/day. Food concentrations in this bay measured'1 terms of particulate organic carbon (POC) were relatively high around the year, and correlation between egg Production and POC was not significant. With the food Provided sufficiently animals Produced a lot of fecal Pellets, but egg Production was ceased after several days of experiment. From these results it was believed that egg Production in this bay was influenced by food quality and feeding history rather than food concentrations. Habitat temperatures also seem to have influence on egg Production from the tacts that no egg was Produced at extreme habitat temperatures, although the correlation between the two was not significant. In this bay, two generations with different time periods seem to progress yearly. Distribution was coupled with life cycle only at certain time of the year. During the other periods predation pressure by the higher trophic levels and shift of the centers of the distributions toward deeper outer bay seemed to be responsible for the observed distribution and egg Production of this species in this bay. Comparing with the Previous reports, migration of fairly long distance and continual reproduction seemed possible for this species.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 1995

Ecological study of the Cynoglossus joyneri was conducted based on the specimens from the western coast of Korea from 1992 to 1994. Ecological characteristics of this species such as gonadal development, occurrence of larvae, stomach contents, and environmental conditions were investigated. Few larvae of Cynoglossus joyneri occurred in Kunsan coast. This coast is influenced by the freshwater input of the Mangyong and Kum River, especially during the summer. Therefore, the larvae of C. joyneri were considered to be spawned and grown during their early life stage in the high saline water in outer bay. Spawning occur from June to September, having the peak spawning period from July to August. Biological minimum size of matured fishes containing mature oocytes is about 143.5mm in total length, which requires about 20 months after hatching. The ranges of total length by age are as follows : 0-ring group(floating stage), 30~70mm ; 1-ring group, 49.0~133.0mm 2-ring group, 128.6~167.0mm ; 3-ring group, 169.0~202.0mm ; 4-ring group, 200.7~240.0mm. The major food items of young fish under 8cm were copepods and invertebrate larvae, and those of adult fishes were annelids(polychaets) in winter, and bivalves and shrimps in summer and autumn. Therefore, it can be assumed that the population of C. joyneri could be reduced due to the decrease of food organisms caused by the continuous reclamation activities in the inner bays of the west coast of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.572-580
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• 2000

Community structure of macrobenthos was studied in Chinhae Bay, a southern coastal area of Korea. Sampling was conducted bimonthly using a Smith-McIntyre grab ($0.05 m^2$) at eight stations from January to November, 1998. A total of 237 species were sampled. It was comprised of annelids ($80 spp. 33.8{\%}$), arthropods (80 spp.), molluscs (47 spp.), echinoderms (16 spp,) and others, Mean density of individual was $1,939 ind./m^2$ and mean biomass was $171.6 gwwt/m^2$. Annelids were a density-dominant faunal group with a mean density of $1,533 ind./m^2$ which occupied $79.0{\%}$ of the total individual of benthic animals. Molluscs were represented as a biomass-dominant group with a mean biomass of $95.9 gwwt/m^2$ ($55.9{\%}$ of total biomass). The major density-dominant species were a bivalve Theora fratilis ($110 ind./m^2$) and five species of polychaetes, Lumbrineris longifolia ($417 ind./m^2$), Chaetozone setosa ($145 ind./m^2$), Sigambra tentaculata ($128 ind./m^2$), Cirratulus cirratus ($128 ind./m^2$), and Paraprionospio pinnata ($103 ind./m^2$). Cluster analysis showed that the study area could be divided into two station groups and two stations. According to the feeding guild of polychaetes, four feeding guilds were found, and the major ones were surface deposit-feeders, burrowing deposit-feeders, surface suspension-feeders, carnivore.