• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 2009

Background: Glutaraldehyde-fixed heterografts are prone to calcification after long-term implantation in human, and this is one of the limiting factors for the longevity of the heterografts used in cardiovascular surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anticalcification effect of an ethanol and amino acids treatment on glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium. Material and Method: Bovine pericardial tissues were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 consisted of tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde, group 2 consisted of commercially available bovine pericardial valve tissues (Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT), group 3 consisted of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues treated with ethanol, group 4 consisted of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues treated with ethanol and L-glutamic acid, and group 5 consisted of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues treated with ethanol and homocysteic acid. The tissue microstructure was examined by light and electron microscopy. Tissue samples of each group were implanted into rat subcutaneous tissue for 3 $\sim$ 4 months and the calcium contents were measured after harvest. Result: The collagen fibers appeared to be well preserved in all the groups. The calcium contents of groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 (13.46$\pm$11.74, 0.33$\pm$0.02, 0.39$\pm$0.08 and 0.42$\pm$0.06 $\mu$g/mg, respectively) were all significantly lower than that of group 1 (149.97$\pm$28.25 $\mu$g/mg) (p<0.05). The calcium contents of groups 3, 4 and 5 were all significantly lower than that of group 2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with ethanol alone or in combination with amino acids (L-glutamic acid or homocysteic acid) strongly prevented the calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.7 s.276
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• pp.485-491
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• 2007

Background: Thoracoplasty has become a rarity in current clinical practice, although it has been widely employed for well over a century as a procedure for reducing the capacity of the thoracic cavity. Yet we have perform tailoring thoracoplasty following or concomitant with pulmonary resection in 20 patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early and late clinical results and also the significance of tailoring thoracoplasty. Material and Method: From March 1995 to June 2005, modified thoracoplasty following or concomitant with pulmonary resection was performed in 20 patients out of a total of 298 pulmonary resections for closing air leaks and for treating persistent pleural space following pulmonary resections, and to tailor the thoracic cavity to accept a diminished lung volume. Of the 20 patients, 14 patients had tailoring thoracoplasty performed concomitant with pulmonary resection, and the remaining 6 patients also had tailoring thoracoplasty performed following pulmonary resection. The subjects ages ranged from 24 to 77 (mean $59.1{\pm}6.4$) and a male preponderance was noted (17 : 3); the number of left and right surgeries was equal. The preoperative primary underlying diseases were lung cancer in 7 patients, pneumothorax with giant bullous change in 6 patients, bronchiectasis in 2 patients, previous pulmonary tuberculosis associated with aspergilloma in 2 patients, empyema with fibrothorax in 2 patients and multiple lung abscesses & destruction due to previous trauma in 1 patient. The operative methods were apicolysis and subperiosteal removal of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th ribs (the costochondral junction to the posterior portions of the ribs) with preservation of the first rib and compression of the anterior chest via cotton bags and elastic bandages. Result: The mean duration of the air leaks after thoracoplasty was $1.6{\pm}0.2$ days (range: $0{\sim}7$ days) and the mean duration of an indwelling chest tube was 7 days (range: $5{\sim}11$ days); the mean duration of hospitalization was $19.2{\pm}2.8$ days (range: $8{\sim}47$ days). The postoperative complications were wound infection (2) and pneumonia (2); reoperation was done due to bleeding (1) in one patient who underwent concomitant thoracoplasty and there was 1 case of wound infection (1) after postresection thoracoplasty. The mortality was 1 patient in the early phase and 4 patients in the late phase. Conclusion: We conclude that tailoring thoracoplasty may be performed to close anticipated persistent pleural spaces and to accommodate the diminished lung volume with acceptable cosmetic results when this procedure is combined with pulmonary resection in selected patients.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 1996

To get the basic data for organic farming, the Chinese cabbage(Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) was cultivated in field of sandy loam soil and compost was applied at the ratios of 0, 20, 40, 80, 120ton per ha, respectively, with N-P-K elements. The yield of Chinese cabbage was maximum in the plot of compost 40t/ha application and it's weight was 3,783g/head. The chemical components of Chinese cabbage were no remarkable changes with the increasing amount of compost application. Content of organic matter in soil after experiment was finished was 39g/kg, total nitrogen was 2.2g/kg, available phosphorus was 1,927mg /kg. CEC was $11.4cmol^+/kg$, exchangable cations were K:0.5. Ca:0.6. Mg:0.3 and $Na:0.2cmol^+/kg$ in treatment of compost 120 t/ha.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.482-489
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• 2015

This study was performed for the comparison of the general components, minerals, amino acids, organic acids, free sugars, ascorbic acid, polyphenol content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of steamed-treated reed (sprout and root) to those of raw reed. Moisture content of sprout and root of reed after steaming treatment decreased from 81.28% and 81.64% to 70.18% and 65.50%, respectively. Crude ash content was the highest in raw sprout and steam-treated root. Crude lipid content of raw sprout and root were almost similar. In addition, crude lipid content of steam-treated sprout was greater than that of root. Nitrogen free extract content of root was 2 times as high as that of sprout. Total free sugar contents of raw sprout and root increased from 1,311.39 mg% and 4,130.98 mg% to 1,157.79 mg% and 3,750.90 mg%, respectively, after steam treatment. Furthermore, the organic acid contents of sprout and root of reed after steam treatment were less than those of raw sprout and root. Calcium and potassium contents were the highest among others in both steam-treated and raw reed. Amino acid content of sprout was higher than that of root in both before and after steam treatment. Among the amino acids, serine content was the best presented in both before and after steam treated reed. Vitamin C content of steam-treated sprout and root of reed decreased from 61.74 mg% and 6.57 mg% to 4.54 mg% and 80.79 mg%, respectively. Total polyphenol content of sprout was greater than that of root in raw and steam-treated reed. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of ethanol extraction of root was greater than those of other extracts of root.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1592-1599
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• 2013

Despite numerous studies regarding overweight or obese children, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of underweight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of underweight among school-aged children. A total of 493 students (86 underweight and 407 normal weight students) aged 11 to 13 years were included in our study. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, health information, self-perception of weight, weight-control efforts and birth-related information were collected by using survey questionnaires for children and parents. Dietary information was obtained by two 24-hour food records, which were completed by both children and their parents. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in girls than boys, and the frequency of medical treatment and flu symptoms were higher in underweight children than normal ones. Overall, girls tended to overestimate their own weight; this misclassification was greater among underweight girls. Birthweight was positively correlated with current weight (P<0.05) and height (P<0.01) in girls, but these correlations were not seen in boys. In conclusion, underweight girls had inappropriate self-perception of weight, and underweight in girls may be related with birthweight and inadequate dietary intakes. Therefore, it is important to build a well-designed framework that integrates efforts of home, school, and community to maintain a healthy weight with balanced diet and exercise throughout the lifetime.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1065-1074
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of sudden unexpected death in infancy and to evaluate the importance of postmortem autopsy. Methods : We reviewed, retrospectively, medical records of 34 infants admitted to Kangnam General Hospital from January 1987 to December 2001 because of sudden unexpected death. We investigated the cause of death through medical history, death scene examination, autopsy findings, acylcarnitine and organic acid analysis. Results : Among the total 34 infants, 18 were male(52.9%) and 16 were female(47.1%). Thirty infants(88%) were below the six months of age. Winter was the most affected season(38.2%). Eighteen infants(52.9%) died between 6 and 12AM. The prone sleeping position was observed more frequently than the supine position at death; nine cases in the prone position, six cases in the supine position. The cause of death of 23 cases could not be found by only history and death scene examination. Autopsy was done in 13 cases. Seven cases of them were thought to be SIDS. In six cases, we explained the cause of death with autosy findings. They were an endocardial fibroelastosis, a nesidioblastosis, a subdural hematoma, a bronchopneumonia and two fatty changes of liver. Metabolic screening tests performed in three cases to rule out metabolic disorder since 2000 were all normal. Conclusion : We concluded that autopsy and metabolic screening test should be performed to find out the cause of death in sudden unexpected death in infancy.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cultural systems on growth, vitamin C, amino acid content, and yield of Peucedanum japonicum grown in artificial light plant factory. Treatments were given with Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Medium (Perlite), and Aeroponics. Plant height was the highest in NFT system as 10.2cm, and was the shortest in Perlite as 8.9cm. Fresh leaf weight was the high in order of Perlite, NFT, and Aeroponics. Total phenolic compounds was different from cultural systems in order of Aeroponics as $117.84mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;GE$, NFT as $98.57mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;GE$ and Perlite as $74.62mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}\;GE$. Total flavonoid content of Aeroponics is $0.12mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ but that of NFT and Perlite treatments is not detected. Vitamin C content in Aeroponics as $108.23mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ was significant different from Perlite as $88.05mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ as and NFT $80.83mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$. Total dietary fiber content was higher Aeroponics than Perlite and NFT. Cystein content was the highest in Aeroponics as $46.76mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ and methione content was the lowest in Perlite as $75.64mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$. Mineral content of leaves was high in order of K, Ca, P and Mg in all treatments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2006

The quality characteristics and functional properties of fermented soybean by lactic acid bacteria (FSB) were investigated and compared with those of soybean (control) and commercial cheonggukjang Powder (CGP). The crude protein, lipid, and fiber contents of FSB were similar to those in CGP. The vitamin $B_2$ content in FSB (1.4 mg%) was similar to the control (1.3 mg%) whereas it was remarkably low in the CGP (0.2 mg%). The bright yellow color of FSB determined by Hunter's colormeter was quite different from the dark reddish brown color of the CGP. The pH of FSB was the lowest and thee amino-nitrogen was 517.2 mg%, which was higher than that in CGP (468.1 mg%). Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine were the most abundant amino acids. In particular, the increase in the glutamic acid level was noticeable in FSB. The fatty acid compositions of FSB and CGP were similar to the control. However, the sucrose and fructose levels were lower after fermentation but the glucose level was higher. The results of isoflavone analysis by HPLC showed that the levels of daidzein and genistein in FSB were as much as 48.33 and 52.82 mg%, respectively, which is higher than that found in CGP. The DPPH free radical scavenging effects of FSB and CGP were 1.8 times higher an those of the control. The fibrinolytic activity determined by the diameter of the lysed area on the fibrin plate was the most effective in FSB. In conclusion, it is believed that FSB has a similar or higher quality than CGP. Therefore, FSB is expected to be good functional food material.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.912-918
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• 1999

The chemical compositions of korean and Chinese safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) seed were compared in this study. The proximate compositions were 0.73 and 0.05% of moisture, 19.74 and 18.82% of crude protein, 15.47 and 14.61% of crude fat, 3.78 and 3.87% of crude ash, 14.53 and 10.46% of crude fiber, 46.49 and 52.23% of N-free extracts in the non-roasted safflower seed (NRS) and roasted safflower seed (RS), respectively. Crude fat contents in non-roasted chinese safflower seed (NRCS) and roasted chinese safflower seed (RCS) were 33.30 and 31.22%, which were higher than those of NRS and RS. Unsaturated fatty acid in NRS was 83.2% and 90.9% in NRCS. Linoleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in NRS (74.0%) and NRCS (74.2%). Sucrose (216.5 mg/100 g) and raffinose (117.5 mg/100 g) were major free sugars in NRS, but sucrose, glucose, fructose and raffinose were in NRCS. Glutamic acid, aspatic acid and arginine were major in total amino acids. 24 kinds of free amino acid were detected in NRS and 11 kinds in RS. Total essential amino acid in NRS ($28.0\;{\mu}g/100\;g$) was higher than that in NRCS ($9.2\;{\mu}g/100\;g$). The organic acids in safflower seed were composed of formic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid. The content of vitamin E $({\alpha}-tocopherol)$ in NRS and NRCS were 10.5 mg/100 g, 6.2 mg/100 g, NRCS and RCS were 12.8 mg/100 g, 9.4 mg/100 g, respectively. Total carotenoid content in NRCS was $452.0\;{\mu}g/100\;g$ and it was higher than in NRS. The major minerals of safflower seed were K, P, Ca, Mg.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2016

Textile industry is considered as one of the most polluting sectors in terms of effluent composition and volume of discharge. It is well known that the effluents from textile dying industry contain not only chromatic substances but also large amounts of organic compounds and insolubles. The azo dyes generate huge amount of pollutions among many types of pigments. In general, the electrochemical treatments, separating colors and organic materials by oxidation and reduction on electrode surfaces, are regarded as simpler and faster processes for removal of pollutants compared to other wastewater treatments. In this paper the electrochemical degradation characteristics of dye wastewater containing CI Direct Blue 15 were analyzed. The experiments were performed with various anode materials, such as RuO₂/Ti, PtO₂/Ti, IrO₂/Ti and graphite, with stainless steel for cathode. The optimal anode material was located by changing operating conditions like electrolyte concentration, current density, reaction temperature and initial pH. The degradation efficiency of dye wastewater increased in proportion to the electrolyte concentration and the current density for all anode materials, while the temperature effect was dependent on the kind. The performance orders of anode materials were RuO₂/Ti > PtO₂/Ti > IrO₂/Ti > graphite in acid condition and RuO₂/Ti > IrO₂/Ti > PtO₂/Ti > graphite in neutral and basic conditions. As a result, RuO₂/Ti demonstrated the best performance as an anode material for the electrochemical treatment of dye wastewater.