• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.479-483
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• 2006

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a histological pattern consisting of prominent intra-alveolar fibrin and organizing pneumonia, with out hyaline membranes or prominent eosinophilia. The clinical manifestations of AFOP resemble those of acute lung injury such as acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). However, the classic histological patterns of AFOP differ from diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) or acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). The characteristic intra-alveolar fibrin ball and lack of classic hyaline membrane are the predominant histological features of AFOP. Although some reports suggest that its clinical course is less catastrophic than DAD, the clinical entity that distinguishes AFOP from DAD has not been established. We present a case of pathologically demonstrated AFOP in a 79-year-old man. The radiological findings of our case were similar to those of DAD, presented with diffuse bilateral lung infiltrations. However, despite the rapid development of respiratory failure, the patient had a better response and outcome to steroid therapy than what would be expected for DAD.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.394-399
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• 2000

Odontoma is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor containing enmel, dentin as well as cementum. It has come to mean a growth in which both the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation. Most authorities accept the view today that the odontoma represents a hamartomatous malformation rather than a true neoplasm. The etiology of odontomas is uncertain but hypothesized to involve local trauma, infection, inheritance or mutant gene. The odontomas often cause various disturbances in the eruption and position of the teeth. The steps in removal of an odontoma in close relation to an adjacent impacted normal tooth should comprise 1) removal of odontoma and 2) exposure of the impacted tooth. Orthodontic therapy may be applied. Before treatment, the necessary space for the impacted tooth should be evaluated. If there is lack of space in the dental arch, orthodontic treatment should be carried out before operation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.177-188
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• 1993

This study was performed to find out the reasonable sexing methods In the chicken, obtain the basic information for the mechanisms related to chicken sexual differentiation and identify the genes which known to involved in chicken sex differentiation. The chromosome analysis of chicken embryonic fibroblast was a simple method to determine sex of chicken by means of Z and W chromosome identification. The bands of female chicken genomic DNA digested with Xho Ⅰ and Eco RI restriction endonuclease showed to be useful in direct sex determination and these repetitive sequences of Xho Ⅰ and Eco RI families were proposed to be very homologous in their sequences by colony hybridization analysis. Seven of 150 random primers were selected to amplify the W chromosome-specific band by using arbitrary primed PCR and three of them were useful to identify the sex of chicken. To identify the sex differentiation genes in the chicken, PCR for the amplification of ZFY and SRY sequences was performed. ZFY and SRY sequences were amplified successfully in the chicken genome, implying that chicken genome might have the sex-related conserved sequences similar to mammalian ones. The PCR products of ZFY amplification were the same in both sexes, suggesting that these sequences may be located on autosome or Z chromosome. The profile of PCR amplification for SRY sequences showed variation between sexes, but this result was not enough to specify whether the SRY gene in chicken is on the autosome or sex chromosome.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 2000

Background : Residual pleural thickening (RPT) develops in about 50% of tuberculous pleurisy ($PL_{TB}$). Some reports have suggested that elevated TNF-$\alpha$ and impaired fibrinolysis could be the cause of RPT, but until now, the mechanism and predictors of RPT have not been well known. TGF-$\beta$ has been known to promote fibrogenesis and is increased in tuberculous pleural fluid (PF). $PL_{TB}$ and malignant pleurisy ($PL_{MAL}$) manifest lymphocyte-dominant exudative pleural effusion, and it has clinical implications in the differentiation of the two diseases based on the findings of pleural effusion. We performed this study to compare pleural fluid TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$, and fibrinolytic parameters between $PL_{TB}$ and $PL_{MAL}$, and to find the predictors of RPT in $PL_{TB}$. Methods : Thirty-five $PL_{TB}$ and 14 $PL_{MAL}$ patients who were admitted to the Asan Medical Center from February 1997 to August 1999 were enrolled. All $PL_{TB}$ patients were prescribed a primary, short-course, anti-tuberculosis regimen. INF-$\alpha$ tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin, and D-dimer were measured in both PF and PB. TGF-$\beta$was measured only in PF. Clinical characteristics, TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$ and fibrinolytic parameters were compared between patients with RPT less than 2 mm and patients with more than 2 mm of the thirty patients who completed the anti-tuberculosis treatment. Results : The levels of TNF-$\alpha$ tPA, PAI-1, plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin, and D-dimer in PF were higher than those in peripheral blood (PB) in $PL_{TB}$, whereas only plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin, and D-dimer were higher in PF than in PB in $PL_{MAL}$. Pleural fluid TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$, PAI-1, plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin were increased in $PL_{TB}$ compared with $PL_{MAL}$, but these factors did not show any further advantages over ADA in differentiation between $PL_{TB}$ and $PL_{MAL}$. TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$ and fibrinolytic parameters did not show any differences between patients with RPT less than 2 mm and patients with RPT more than 2 mm. Conclusion : Our data suggest that TNF-$\alpha$, TGF-$\beta$ and fibrinolytic parameters may play some role for the development of RPT in $PL_{TB}$, but they failed to predict the occurrence of RPT in $PL_{TB}$. Also these parameters did not seem to have any advantages over ADA in differentiating between two diseases.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

Purpose: We analyzed the diagnosis and the treatment outcomes of patients with central low grade osteosarcoma. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients with central low grade osteosarcoma were treated at out institution between 1994 and 2011. Results: There were 4 men and 12 women with mean age of 26 years. Eleven patients were correctly diagnosed but 5 patients were misdiagnosed as osteoid osteoma, non ossifying fibroma, aneurysmal bone cyst, desmoplastic fibroma. 15 patients finally received wide margin en bloc excision and one of them treated under neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Final survival status was continuous disease free in 14 and 1 patient died of renal cell cancer. Remaining 1 with multifocal lesions is alive with disease for 7 years only treated radiation therapy on residual tumors. Nine (56%) of 16 tumors showed extra-osseous extension of tumor (56%) and 1 of them showed extra-compartmental tumors. Conclusion: The diagnosis of central low grade osteosarcoma is challenging, however, considering of the clinical suspicion, the typical findings of radiologic and pathologic features, proper diagnosis is needed. This tumor should be treated with wide excision, even after an intralesional excision, to avoid local recurrence or transformation to higher histologic grade.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

Purpose: Incidence of lung canter in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is known to be higher than that in general population. However, it is difficult to discriminate pulmonary nodule in patients with IPF, because underlying IPF can be expressed as lung nodules. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of FDG PET in discriminating lung nodule in patients with IPF. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 lung nodules in 16 subjects (age; $67.53{\pm}9.53$, M:F=14:2). Two patients had previous history of malignant cancer (small cell lung cancer and subglottic cancer). The diagnostic criteria on chest CT were size, morphology and serial changes of size. FDG PET was visually interpreted, and maximal SUV was calculated for quantitative analysis. Results: from 28 nodules, 18 nodules were interpreted as benign nodules, 10 nodules as malignant nodules by histopahthology or follow-up chest CT. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET were 100% and 94.4%, while those of CT were 70.0% and 44.4%, respectively. Malignant nodule was higher maxSUV than that of benign lung nodules ($7.68{\pm}3.96\;vs.\;1.22{\pm}0.65$, p<0.001). Inflammatory lesion in underlying IPF was significantly lower maxSUV than that of malignant nodules ($1.80{\pm}0.43$, p<0.001). The size of malignant and benign nodule were $23.95{\pm}10.15mm\;and\;10.83{\pm}5.23mm$ (p<0.01). Conclusion: FDG PET showed superior diagnostic performance to chest CT in differentiating lung nodules in patients with underlying IPF. FDG PET could be used to evaluate suspicious malignant lung nodule detected by chest in patients with IPF.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2001

Background : Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is a fibrotic lung disease resulting from chronic inhalation of coal dust. The precise mechanism of lung fibrosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis is uncertain. However, a relationship between the stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production by mediators released from in flammatory and resident lung cells is thought to be a major factor. The transforming growth factor-$\beta$(TGF-$\beta$), a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor, plays a key role in the scarring and fibrotic processes due to its ability to induce extracellular matrix proteins and modulate the growth and immune function of many cell types. To determine the involvement of TGF-$\beta$ in the development of lung fibrosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis, the TGF-${\beta}_1$ level in plasma was measured in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Methods : Plasma was collected from 40 patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (20 with simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis and 20 with complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis) and from 10 normal controls. The ELISA method was used to measure the plasma TGF-${\beta}_1$ concentration. Results : Compared to the control group ($0.63{\pm}01.8$ ng/mL), there was no significant difference in the plasma TGF-${\beta}_1$ level in patients with simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis ($0.64{\pm}0.17$ ng/mL) (p>0.05). However, in patients with complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis the plasma TGF-${\beta}_1$ level ($0.79{\pm}0.18$ ng/mL) was significantly higher than in patients with simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis and the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion : The data suggests that TGF-${\beta}_1$ has some influence in the development of lung fibrosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.689-692
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• 2005

2020년까지 전 세계 수송에너지의 수요가 현재의 2배까지 증가할 것으로 예상되면서 석유 자원의 안정적 공급이 어려워지기 이전에 이를 대체할 수 있는 에너지원 개발이 시급하다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 최근 들어 대두되고 있는 가스화용융 기술은 석탄 폐기물 등으로부터 합성가스를 생산하는 고청정 고효율 기술이다. 여기에서 생산되는 합성가스는 천연가스를 대체하여 전기 및 화학원료를 생산하기 위한 원료로 이용 가능하다. 폐기물로부터 가스화용융기술을 통하여 생산되는 합성가스로부터 DME(dimethyl ether)를 생산할 수 있다. 가스화용융기술로부터 생산되는 합성가스는 자체의 일산화탄소와 수소의 조성비가 DME를 합성하는데 적당하다고 알려져 있다. DME는 에너지원의 다원화와 대기오염 물질의 저감, 지구온난화 대응 등과 아울러 제 4세대 수송 연료로 부각되고 있다. DME를 합성하는 방법은 합성가스로부터 메탄올의 합성 단계를 거친 후 DME를 합성하는 간접법과 단일단계의 반응에서 합성가스로부터 직접적으로 DME를 합성하는 직접법이 있다. 현재는 화학 평형적 측면 경제적 측면에서 이점을 가지고 있는 직접법에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. DME 직접합성법에서는 메탄올 합성 촉매와 메탄올 탈수촉매의 물리적 혼합에 의한 혼성촉매가 주로 이용되고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다 본 연구에서는 일산화탄소와 수소로 이루어진 합성 가스로부터 직접 DME를 생산할 수 있는 직접 합성 공정에 적용 가능한 고효율 촉매 기술을 개발하기 위해 상용촉매의 스크린 테스트를 수행하였다. 상용촉매로는 sud-chemi사에서 메탄을 합성 촉매와 탈수촉매를 각각 구입하였으며, 이들 촉매를 원하는 조성비로 물리적으로 혼합한 다음 반응온도 ($250-290^{\circ}C$) 압력 (30-50 atm), $H_2$/CO 몰비 (0.5-2.0) 등의 다양한 반응조건 하에서 스크린 테스트를 수행하였다.대장조영영상을 얻을 수 있어 대장암의 위치에 관한 정보를 삼차원적으로 제공하므로 대장암의 성상을 정확히 알 수 있는데 도움을 주었다.요인은 없는 것으로 사료된다. 이 중 2예의 CT에서 선상 혹은망상형의 음영을 보였다. 결론: 유방암 환자의 방사선 치료 후 CT 소견은 방사선 치료의 방법에 따라 폐첨부 혹은 폐의전면 흉막하 부위에 선상 혹은 망상형의 음영으로서 방사선 폐렴 혹은 섬유화 소견이다. CT는 단순 흉부 촬영보다 이상 소견의 발견이 쉽다.이러한 소견은 후에 합병될 수 있는 다른 폐질환의 감별 진단에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.moembolization via the radial artery approach were involved in this study. All underwent Allen’s test to check ulnar arterial patency. In all cases, we used the radial approach hepatic artery (RHA) catheter designed by ourselves, evaluating t\ulcorner selec\ulcorneron ability of the hepatic artery using an RHA cathter, the number of punctures, the procedure time, and compression time at the puncture site as well as complications occurring during and after the procedure. Results: Except for three in which puncture failure, brachial artery variation or hepatic artery variation occurred, all procedures were successful. The mean number of punctures was 3.5, and the

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1997

Purpose : The clinical characteristics of renovascular hypertension (RVHT) in children were analyzed. Methods : Medical records of 16 children diagnosed as RVHT on the basis of angiography during Jan. '86 to Jun. 94 in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The mean age at the onset was 8.5 yrs and the sex ratio(M:F) was 7:9. The causes of RVHT were Takayasu arteritis in 6, Moyamoya disease in 5, and fibromuscular dysplasia in 3 patients. Abdominal bruit was noted in 6 patients (38%). Peripheral renin activity was raised in all tested patients. Bilateral renal arterial involvemnent was found in 9 patients (56%). Captopril renal scans showed good correlation with angiographic findings. Five patients were treated with antihypertensives only, and blood pressure was controlled completely in 2 and incompletely in 3. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 10 patients with 50% of success rate. However, hypertension was recurred due to restenosis or accompaning aortic stenosis in 3 patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 4 patients, and the blood pressure was controlled partially in 1 and poorly in the remaining 3. Conclusions : Takayasu arteritis, Moyamoya disease and fibromuscular dysplasia are the major causes of childhood RVHT in our country. The diagnosis of RVHT in children should be based on a set of tests individually selected for case by case. For the low curability of the current treatment modalities available, RVHT in children should not be regarded as 'curable' so far. We expect, however, that the outcome will be improved by more extensive application of the newly developed surgical technique.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.365-371
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• 2000

Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is one of the rare manifestation of amyloid disease. It is known to be caused by amyloid L fibrils in the majority of cases. We experienced an unusual case of a forty-one year-old woman who was presented with multiple nodular lesion on the chest X-ray. CT-guided core needle biopsy, performed on the lesion, showed apple green birefringes, when stained Congo red and examined under polarized light, Ultrastructurally, there are randomly oriented, forming densed networks, and consists of fine, 7.5 to 10nm diameter, rigid, non-branching filaments of various lengths in electron-microscopic finding. We report a case of primary diffuse nodular pulmonary amyloidosis only localized in the lung, which was confirmed by CT guided core needle biopsy.