• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2005

Purpose: Aroma therapy is one modality of alternative medicine. It was well known to have an analgesic, antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. This study is designed to investigate the effect of aroma self hand massage on vital signs, pain, depression, anxiety and stress in breast cancer patients. Methods: 32 female patient over 20 years old were divided into two groups by a non-blinded randomized controlled method. Patient in the aroma group (n=15) massaged their hands twice a day using aroma oil by themselves in their home for 2 weeks. However, those in control group (n=17) had not received my intervention during the study periods. Pain intensity, state anxiety, depression and stress of subjects were evaluated three times (0, 1, 3 weeks) using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, $0{\sim}10cm$), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory Scales (BDIS), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI revised edition). Also the change of patients' accompanying symptoms after aroma massage were analyzed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Pain Intensity decreased in the aroma group compared with control group (VAS changes $-0.83{\pm}1.01\;vs\;0.38{\pm}0.86$, P=0.005). The numbers of accompanying symptoms (P=0.044), depression score (P=0.001) and anxiety score (P=0.008) were significantly decreased in the aroma group, while in control group they increased after 2 weeks. However, the stress score showed no significant changes in both groups ($0.05{\pm}0.85\;vs\;0.04{\pm}0.20$, P=0.1519). The depression, anxiety and stress score showed negative correlation with compliance of aroma massage, but statistically no significant. The systolic blood pressure was a little increased in aroma group ($4.53{\pm}14.43\;vs\;0.0{\pm}7.22$, P=0.026), but was not significant clinically. Patients in the aroma group complained of several symptoms such as headache (20%), paresthesia (6.75%) and nausea (6.7%). However, there were no drop-out patients for those side effects. Conclusion: Aroma self massage during two weeks in breast cancer patients alleviates the pain intensity, depression and anxiety significantly.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2001

Purpose : After Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is known to be a fatal disease, efforts and studies are made to determine the cause, treatment method and method of preventing infection. However, no treatment method is present and vaccine development has not been made. Therefore, the most effective treatment method is prevention, and almost 100% prevention is possible when correct preventive measures are taken. We suggest effective prevention education by comparing knowledge and attitude of those unmarried men who had sexual encounters with prostitutes (high risk group) and those with no sexual encounters with prostitutes (low risk group). Methods : From January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2000, a survey was done in 516 unmarried soldiers and college students. With the collected data, chi-square test was used to compare and analyze the demographic characteristic, knowledge on AIDS, and attitude on AIDS between the high risk group and low risk group. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare and analyze the scores on knowledge between these two groups. Results : Among 516 unmarried men, 256 men (49.6%) fell into the high risk group and 260 men (50.4%) into the low risk group. Both groups showed that they heard of AIDS during their middle school years. The main route of obtaining knowledge on AIDS was through TV programs with 124 men(48.4%) in the high risk group and 167 men (64.2%) in the low risk group (P=0.002). Among 20 items, the average score on knowledge was $13.9{\pm}1.9$ in the high risk group and $14.1{\pm}1.8$ in the low risk group with no statistical difference between these two groups (P=0.191). Two items showed statistical significance in the low risk group compared with the high risk group; these were the item of AIDS being transmitted through transfusion (P=0.014) and through mosquitoes (P=0.009). As for attitude, statistical significance was present in the item stating that AIDS patients should be isolated in the high risk group compared with the low risk group (P=0.029). Conclusions : The present study showed that both the high risk group and low risk group obtained knowledge on AIDS through TV. No statistical difference was present between the two groups other than the high risk group showed statistically high results in two items on knowledge and one item on attitude. Thus, these results showed that exposure to AIDS can be lowered with better knowledge and the attitude of those with a low risk of infection was more positive.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: To plan and improve consumers' satisfaction by analyzing consumers' purchasing behavior of spectacles. Also this will show the need of improvement in reliance of an optician. Methods: A total of 307 people (10 to 60 years) participated in individual questionnaires. Questionnaires comprised of general characteristic of surveyed people, purchasing spectacles behavior, satisfaction after purchasing spectacles, reliability of optician, and improvement points of optician. Results: Most important points in selecting the product were the design and the price of the spectacles. 142 people (46.3%) replied "average" and 140 people (45.6%) replied "satisfying" out of maximum point of satisfaction level which was 5 points. 72.3% of people have regularly visiting optical shop due to the high accessibility, after-sales care, and courteous optician. On the contrary, 27.7% replied "never visit same optician shop again" because of the low accessibility, minimal range of products, and high price. Data showed that people had high re liability about the opticians' knowledge of product, and their technique of eye refraction. Data revealed that people did not show high satisfaction about opticians' knowledge of ophthalmology, and price of products. Most important improvement points were accurate spectacle prescription by Opticians rating 42% of reply. Factors most considered during spectacle selection among the 10 to 20 age group were design by 34.8% and price by 10.1%. Among the 40 to 50 age group, most considered factors were design by 14% and spectacle frame material by 10.1%. Conclusions: Satisfaction rate of purchasing spectacles for the total participant group was 4.2 average grades. Reliability of opticians' eye refraction result and prescription was 50.5%. However consumers wanted to obtain more accurate eye refraction result and prescription with more comprehensive explanations. Also, consumers wanted opticians to be sensitive and have appreciative eye in select spectacles for customers, and to offer precise spectacle dispensing services and courteous after-sales care.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.47-68
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• 2006

This study aims to determine the association structure of the behavioral relationship variables, such as trust, commitment, cooperation, communication and coercive power, in the relationship between the buyers and suppliers of industrial parts. It also investigates the impact of the use of IT technologies on the relationships quality. Data was collected from 216 part suppliers of machinery, electronics and automobiles located in Incheon. Data supported all of the proposed hypotheses. First, it was confirmed that parts suppliers' trust in buyers leads to the commitment into relationships with buyers. Second, cooperation and communication showed a positive influence on parts suppliers' trust in buyers, and coercive power gave a negative influence on trust. Third, the use of IT technologies like Internet and E-Mail between parts suppliers and buyers was verified to have generally a positive influence on the quality of relationships. At the same time, cooperation and communication were confirmed to have a positive influence on each other, and cooperation and coercive power as well as communication and coercive power were confirmed to have negative influence on each other. This study is a pioneering attempt to examine the relationships between suppliers and buyers of industrial parts, and the influence IT technologies on the relationship quality. Also, the findings will be practically much helpful to find how to reinforce the relationships between parts suppliers and buyers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.475-482
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• 2007

This study was done to analyze nutrition counseling services in health promotion center and to investigate demands of subjects for nutrition services. Data was collected through the survey of 90 subjects. The results were as follows. The results of people receiving nutrition services showed that 58.5% of the counseling group and 46.4% of the non-counseling group answered having experience with nutrition services. And 50% of them received nutrition counseling through individual counseling. Diet therapy with health check-up results also appeared the highest in contents of nutrition counseling. As a source of nutrition information and health knowledge, subjects relied heavily or most on the TV, internet, books, magazines, and newspapers. On the other hand, they relied much less on advice from dietitians, nutritionists, medical doctors and nurses. The experience of receiving nutrition services and thinking about nutrition education related positively. It showed that the counseling group (95.1%) was significantly higher than the non-counseling group (80.5%) in necessity of nutrition assessment. But, necessity of nutrition counseling wasn't significantly different between the two groups. The method of nutrition counseling subjects preferred was individual consultation. The subjects answered to having need of analysis and evaluation of nutrient intake and calorie prescription in nutrition assessment and individual nutritional status results explanation in nutrition counseling. In conclusion all people visiting health promotion centers need nutrition service of some kind.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5875-5881
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• 2012

Research objectives: This research is focused on the multicultural families based on the existing studies. The problems that the women of the multicultural families experience in this society were studied, in relation to the adaptability to Korea by identifying the elements related to the use of and satisfaction level towards medical institutions. As such, this research is expected to be used as a data that can help to provide quality medical service to the women of the multicultural families. Research method: 188 women of the multicultural families were targeted to carry out research by conducting interview and by leveraging translated survey questionnaire. Then, SPSS 18.0 program was used to conduct statistical analysis. As for the analysis methods, frequency analysis, technical statistics, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis method were used. The results of the research were as follows. First, for the satisfaction level towards medical institutions for each class following each nation, Vietnam manifested highest satisfaction level when it comes to the public sanitation clinic, followed by the Philippines and China in the order listed. Meanwhile, Japan manifested the lowest satisfaction level. In case of the Asian medicine hospital, Japan manifested the highest satisfaction level contrary to the public sanitation clinic, followed by Philippines and China in the order listed. Meanwhile, Vietnam manifested the lowest satisfaction level. Second, 'satisfaction level towards nationality, education level, income, degree of adaptation and access to the medical institutions via transportation,' degree of adaptation towards the Korean society was manifested as an influential variable. As the degree of adaptation towards the Korean society increased, satisfaction level towards the degree of access to the medical institutions via transportation was proven to be high. Third, 'Nationality, education, income, hospital administration to help adapt the level of satisfaction' income if the first 1,5 million to 2,0 million won that low satisfaction than from 1 million to 1,5 million won and Higher of Korean society to adapt was higher Hospital Administrationon the level of satisfaction Conclusion: Nationality, education level, income, degree of adaptation towards the Korean society affect satisfaction level towards medical institutions. To increase the elements that increase the satisfaction level towards the medical institutions, multi-dimensional approach by each nationality, education level and income is required. In particular, it would be considered necessary to increase the level of adaptability to Korea.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.120-135
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• 2000

Objective ; The purpose of this study is to find out the constitutional symptomatic pattern of Soyangin and Taeumin through investigation of difference between two groups in stroke. Method ; 70 inpatients(Soyangin 31, Taeumin 39) in stroke, admitted into Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from 1. July. 1999 to 20. Sept. 1999, were investigated through questionnare which consists of 16 parts 155 questions, and the problems which have significant difference between Soyangin and Taeumin group were analyzed statistically. Result 1. The analysis of general characteristic difference between Soyangin and Taeumin group (1) The number of Soyangin patients is 31, Taeumin 39 and the number of Male patients 43, Female 27. (2) The mean weight of Taeumin group is heavier than that of Soyangin group and the degree of obesity of Taeumin group higher. (3) The number of patients who have smoking history is more at Soyangin group. (4) In neurological problem, dizziness is more complained of in Soyangin group. 2. The analysis about the result of Questionnare (1) In problems related with 'Sleeping', the time of going to bed and getting up and the duration of sleeping are more irregular in Taeumin group. (2) In problems related with 'Defecation', the shape of stool is more variable in Taeumin group. (3) In problems related with 'Urination', Soyangin group have more complaint. (4) In problems related with 'The condition of digestion', Taeumin group have a good appetite and more compalint in lower abdominal region, but on the contrary Soyangin group lose appetite and have more complaint in upper abdominal region. (5) In problems related with 'Head and Face', Soyangin group have more complaint. (6) In problems related with 'Eye, Ear and Nose', Soyangin group have more complaint at eye and ear. (7) In promlems related with 'Chest region', Soyangin group easily feel choked up and Taeumin group heart throbs. (8) In problems related with 'Skin', Taeumin group easily feel change of color tone at skin and Soyangin group dry.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-132
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the therapeutic compliance and its related factors in rural women with osteoporosis. A questionnaire survey was performed from April to May in 2000 for 140 osteoporotic patients who were diagnosed from April to June in 1999 through community health program. The study employed the health belief model for predicting and explaining sick role behavior. The analysis techniques employed included contingency table analysis and path analysis using LISREL. The major results of this study were as follows: Of the subjects, 12.1% were continuously complaint, 53.6% were intermittently compliant, and 34.3% were non- compliant to calcium supplement therapy. As the result of path analysis, the therapeutic compliance was significantly higher(${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0) as patients had higher perceived severity of disease, lower perceived barriers of treatment, and when patients thought their disease status as severe. As the patients had higher educational level, more experience of mass media contact or health education about osteoporosis, and when family had more concern for patient treatment, they had higher perceived susceptibility of complication(bone fracture)${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0). The patients had higher perceived severity(${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0) as they had more educational level, more advice for treatment from their doctors, and when family had more concern for their treatment. As the patients had more advice for treatment from their doctors and when family had more concern for their treatment, they had higher perceived benefit of treatment and lower perceived barriers to treatment(${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0). In order to improve the therapeutic compliance in rural osteoporotic women, it would be necessary that the patient should recognize their disease severity properly. And the perceived barriers should be removed through supportive environments for osteoporosis treatment such as doctor 's more advice and family 's more concern for treatment. In addition, effective and continuous management system for osteoporotic patients should be established.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2001

To investigate the total cholesterol level and its related factors in the rural and sea-board, 2,840 adults who participated voluntarily were examined during the study period December 1999 to February 2000. The height, weight, and fasting serum total cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was calculated. Information on age, gender, smoking, alcohol, and menopausal status in women were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. The mean value of total cholesterol was 191.6mg/ dl in sea- board and 173.6mg/ dl in rural men, respectively, and 206.9mg/ dl and 186.9mg/ dl in sea-board and in rural women. By simple analysis, in men, area, BMI and smoking were significant risk factors(p<0.01). Area(p<0.01), age(p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01), smoking(p<0.05), and menopausal status (p<0.01) were significant. In multiple linear regression analysis, the significant factors for total cholesterol in men were area(sea-board versus rural area; p<0.01), body mass index(the more obese; p<0.01), and smoking (non-smoker versus smoker ; p<0.05). Those in women were area(sea-board versus rural area; p<0.01), body mass index(the more obese; p<0.01), and menopausal status(menopause versus normal; p<0.01). Thus, in both gender, the significant factors related with total cholesterol were area and body mass index, and in addition to those, menopausal status was proved as a significant risk factor in women.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.571-579
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• 2014

This study was conducted to provide basic data for improvement of the oral health management ability and the factors affecting oral health recognition and practice of 6th graders. The research subjects total 259 numbers of 6th grade students in two schools located in Changwon, it was investigated and analyzed with structured questionnaires. The collected data is analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0. The average oral health recognition score investigated were $3.19{\pm}0.41$, and $2.95{\pm}0.43$ for oral health practices. The oral health recognition was statistically significant differences by father's education (p<0.01), perceived oral health status (p<0.01), perceived grade (p<0.01), intention to attend oral health education (p<0.001). The oral health practices was statistically significant differences by father's education (p<0.01), perceived oral health status (p<0.001), perceived grade (p<0.05), parent's interest in child's toothbrushing (p<0.01), experience of oral health education (p<0.001), intention to attend oral health education (p<0.05). The factors that may improve the oral health recognition are in order of oral health practices, intention to attend oral health education, and parent's attention to child's tooth brushing. The factors that may improve the oral health practice was found to be in order of oral health recognition, parent's attention to child's tooth brushing, and perceived oral health status. As a result, in order to improve oral health management ability of 6th grade students, the surrounding environment, the attitude on oral care, the interest of oral, and the current disease status of oral health are required to be identified, then the oral health education program should be provided.