• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.563-570
• /
• 2016

Onion vinegar has an undesirable flavor and taste that results from alcohol and acetic acid production from fermentation. In this study, we have used onion vinegar to develop an onion vinegar beverage with better sensory quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum blending ratio by using response surface methods to produce an onion vinegar beverage containing Yuza (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka). The optimal formula for a fermented onion beverage was determined using a central composite design by the response surface methodology. The independent variables were obtained by regression analysis of the reaction surface of brown sugar, apple extracts and Yuza extracts. The optimum mixing ratio for onion vinegar:water:brown sugar:apple extracts:Yuza extracts was 6.0:77.6:4.9:9.2:2.3 (w/w). The actual overall acceptance was 7.08 under optimum conditions, which was close to the maximum predicted value of 6.96. The concentration of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and quercetin present in the onion vinegar beverage was 14.8 mg/100 g, 2.6 mg/100 g and 1.4 mg/100 g, respectively. The onion vinegar beverage showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. It also showed antioxidant effects, with a DPPH radical inhibition rate of 18.2% and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of 11.5%. In conclusion, the onion vinegar beverage described here seems to have nutritional value and potential biological activity.

• Water for future
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1974

본시험은 관개 및 배수 설계를 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 토양수분 및 지하수위의 변화상태를 구명하고자 하는 것으로 카나다 퀴백(Quebec) 지방 저지대의 대표적인 2종의 태양인 점토와 사질로움 토양에 대해서 일차적으로 지표, 지하배수간의 토양수분과 지하수위의 변화를 연구분석한 것으로 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2종의 토양(점토, 사질로움)에 있어서 공히 토양수분은 지표로부터 지하로 내려갈수록 증가되는 상태를 나타냈으면 이는 하층토로 내려감에 따라 팽창된 치밀한 토양 조직을 가지고 있음을 시사하며 2. 동기에 있어서는 지표로부터 12inch 깊이의 토양수분이 더 깊은 18inch나 24inch 깊이의 토양수분보다 증가된 상태를 유지하였다. 이는 토양내의 빙결막이나 지표면의 눈 또는 어름에 영향으로 생각되며 이 경향은 점토질 토양에서 보다 토양내 빙결막으로의 수분 이종을 조장해주는 투수 계수가 큰 사질로움 토양에서 더 높았다. 3. 양식험구 공히 지표에서 얕은 지하 0∼3inch 이내의 토양수분은 항우를 전후해서 급격한 변화를 가져왔다. 여기에서 수분의 급상승은 호우시나 표층토가 하층토의 토양수분에 영향을 주는 항우이전에 포장용수량(Field capacity)에 달했기 때문에 급항하는 지표면의 물 분자가 열에너지에 의해 증발산되고 천층에 산재한 초, 수근에 의해 소비되는 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 4. 지하수위하의 토양수분은 포화에 달하여 거의 일정할 것으로 기대되었지만 실제로 많은 변화를 가져왔다. 이들 변화에는 부분적으로 토양사극이 지하수위하이라도 채워지지 않았거나(Capillary pressure가 작을 시) 혹은 관측기간 중에 토양의 융기와 수축에 기인된다고 생각된다. 5. 지하배수구가 지표배수구에 비해 지하수위항하가 빨랐음은 물론 사질로움 토양에서는 보다 높은 투수계수로 인해서 지하수위의 항하가 점토질 토양에서 보다 훨씬 빨랐음을 보여주고 있다.표시할 수 있다.된다.acid $0.41{\sim}0.65%$, 오미자는 malic acid $1.51{\sim}3.90%$, citric acid $2.40{\sim}3.92%$로 주요 유기산이 있다. 타닌은 물보다 에탄올 추출물이 다소 함량이 높았으며 특히 오갈피는 $3.35{\sim}3.85%$로 매우 높은 함량이었다.a 6 cases, etc. 2. The retroperitoneal space including kidneys were the most commonly involved site (43.5%), of which Wilms' tumor was the commonest. 3. About 2/3 of tumors developed under the age of 6 and the commonest lesion was Wilms' tumor and the next being neuroblastoma, teratoma, ovarian cyst and so forth. 4. In all tumors except ovarian tumor and choledochal cyst, male was more frequently affected. 5. In plain abdomen 75% of neuroblastoma crossed the mid line while in Wilms' tumor only 2 cases (14%) showed midline cross. Calcific density was 입력불가 in all 6 cases of teratoma (100%) as dense and discrete ossification, in 3 case of neuroblatoma (38%) characteristically in diffuse stippled appearance and in one case

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2008

In this study, a combined process of sequential anaerobic-aerobic digestion (SAAD), fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBR), and ultrafiltration (UF) for the treatment of small scale food waste leachate was developed and evaluated. The SAAD process was tested for performance and stability by subjecting leachate from food waste to a two-phase anaerobic digestion. The main process used FBBR composed of aerators for oxygen supply and fluidization, three 5 ton reaction chambers containing an aerobic mesophilic microorganism immobilized in PE (polyethylene), and a sedimentation chamber. The HRTs (hydraulic retention time) of the combined SAAD-FBBR-UF process were 30, 7, and 1 day, and the operation temperature was set to the optimal one for microbial growth. The pilot process maintained its performance even when the CODcr of input leachate fluctuated largely. During the operation, average CODcr, TKN, TP, and salt of the effluent were 1,207mg/L, 100mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 0.01 %, which corresponded to the removal efficiencies of 99.4%, 98.6%, 89.6%, and 98.5%, respectively. These results show that the developed process is able to manage high concentration leachate from food waste and remove CODcr, TKN, TP, and salt effectively.