• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

Profile ring rolling process for large slewing rings of alley steels are developed. A profile ring with a round groove located asymmetrically on the outer surface is rolled. The process is simulated by the finite element method. The general-purpose commercial finite element analysis software, MSC.Superform, was used. Experiments are carried in the ring rolling machine and compared with the analysis.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.605-614
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• 1999

Orbiting scroll mass center is different from the basic circle's for the normal involute profile. As for the orbiting scroll balanced conditions, the dynamic modeling are set up. The influences on sealing, reaction forces between the moving elements and forces from the moving elements to the compressor frame are analyzed in this paper. The simulation and experiment results are presented.

• Environmental engineer
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• v.23 s.240
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• pp.48-59
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• 2006

• Environmental engineer
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• v.19 s.186
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• pp.74-79
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• 2002

• Environmental engineer
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• v.23 s.239
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• pp.44-51
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

Experimental and analytical researches have been conducted on the twin-fluid atomizers for better droplet breakup during the past decades. But, the studies on the disintegration mechanism still present a great challenge to understand the drop behavior and breakup structure. In an effort to describe the aerodynamic behavior of the sprays issuing from the internal mixing counter-swirling nozzle, the spatial distribution of axial (U) radial (V) and tangential (W) components of droplet velocities are investigated across the radial distance at several axial locations of Z=30, 50, 80, 120 and 170mm, respectively. Experiments were conducted for the liquid flow rates which was kept constant at 7.95 g/s and the air injection pressures were varied from 20 kPa to 140 kPa. Counter-swirling internal mixing nozzles manufactured at angles of $15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ the central axis with axi-symmetric tangential-drilled holes was considered. The distributions of velocities and turbulence intensities are comparatively analyzed. PDPA is installed to specify spray flows, which have been conducted along the axial downstream distance from the nozzle exit. Ten thousand of sampling data was collected at each point with time limits of 30 second. 3-D automatic traversing system is used to control the exact measurement. It is observed that the sprays with all swirl angle have the maximum SMD for on air injection pressure of 20 kPa and 140 kPa with centerline, respectively. The nozzle with swirl angle of $60^{\circ}$ has vest performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2004

Experiments were performed in a two-phase swirling spray facility that has been described elsewhere. Measurements of spray transport and drop size distribution are analyzed over wide ranges of air to liquid mass flow ratios, utilizing four different internal mixing pneumatic nozzles. The spatial distributions of mean velocities. fluctuating velocities, and velocity-diameter correlation were quantitatively analyzed. Also, the exponential correlation curves were obtained with ALR along the spray centerline, which indicated an approximately identical formulation regardless of ALR. It indicated that the atomization characteristics were remarkably superior in the case of 30o of swirl angle with higher ALR. Among other things. nozzle configuration is one of the significant parameters affecting spray phenomena from an internal mixing nozzle. Turbulence intensities are increasingly degenerated with an increase of nozzle configuration, allowing a rapid increment of drop size distribution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2010

The effect of swirl flow on NOx in a nonpremixed turbulent hydrogen jet with coaxial air was studied. The swirl vane angle was varied from $30^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. The fuel jet air velocity and coaxial air velocity were varied in an attached flame region as $u_F=85{\sim}160m/s$ and $u_A=7{\sim}14m/s$. The objective of the current study was to analyze the characteristics of nitrous oxide emission in a swirl flow and to propose a new parameter for EINOx scaling. The experimental results show that EINOx decreases with the swirl vane angle and increased with flame length. Further, EINOx scaling factors can be determined by considering the effective diameter ($d_{F,eff}$) in a far field concept. The EINOx increased in proportion to the flame residence time (${\sim}{\tau_R}^{1/2.8}$) and the global strain rate (${\sim}{S_G}^{1/2.8}$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.494-500
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 DGPS와 자이로 센서를 장착하여 무인으로 콤바인을 직선주행, 선회 및 곡선주행, 직진주행 중 1 m 오프셋(offset) 주행시켰을 때, 무인 자율주행의 성능을 분석하고 개선하는데 있다. 콤바인의 무인자율주행 시스템은 콤바인의 현재위치를 인식하고, 주행하고 있는 콤바인의 주행방향을 감지하여 미리 설정된 경로를 따라 자율적으로 주행하며, 주행 중에 장애물이 검출되면 정지할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 콤바인의 무인 자율주행시스템은 DGPS의 입력 신호로부터 콤바인의 현재위치를 결정하고, 자이로 센서의 입력신호로부터 주행방향을 알 수 있다. 또한 장애물의 감지를 위한 초음파 센서, 콤바인의 주행방향을 조정하는 유압 작동부, 좌.우의 조향레버를 조정하는 서보모터 시스템, 마이크로 컴퓨터로 구성된 제어기와 입출력 인터페이스로 구성되어 있다. 콤바인 자율주행시스템의 프로그램은 DGPS 신호, 자이로 센서 등을 수신하는 수신 프로그램, DGPS 신호등으로부터 관련 변수들을 분석하여 콤바인의 조향수준을 결정하고, 유압실린더 등을 제어하는 제어 프로그램과 콤바인의 이동경로를 저장하는 저장 프로그램으로 구성되어 있다. 콤바인의 무인주행 실험결과 RMS 오차는 50 m 직선주행에서 7.52 cm, 20 m 직선주행 후 1 m 오프셋 된 30 m의 직선주행에서 21.85 cm, 20 m 직선주행 후 90$^{\circ}$선회하여 25 m 직선주행에서 7.55 cm, 반지름 23 m의 원주 사분면 곡선주행에서는 25.98 cm로 각각 나타났다. 소 구획의 포장에서 벼는 가로 방향으로 25~30 cm, 세로 방향으로 15~20 cm의 간격으로 심어져 있다. DGPS 신호에 의한 위치 결정을 할 때 자체 오차 10 cm를 고려하여도 콤바인이 직선구간 및 선회구간을 주행하며 수확작업이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 곡선구간에서는 최대오차가 65.5 cm로 매우 크게 나타나, 콤바인을 무인 자율주행으로 수확하기에는 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실제 포장은 이론적인 완전한 직선보다는 작은 굴곡이 있는 곡선의 형태가 이루어져 있으므로 주행 오차를 감소하기 위해서는 기계시각을 이용하면 보다 정밀한 조향을 이룰 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 포장에서 DGPS 신호, 자이로 센서 등을 이용한 콤바인의 무인주행 장치는 무인 수확작업을 위한 가능성을 보여주었고, 일부의 센서의 기능을 개선하면 만족한 성능을 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.336-344
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• 2002

In this study, the flow and combustion characteristics of flat flame burner with twirler were investigated. There are several factors that define the characteristics of burner. Among them, the experiments was focused on swirl effect by four types of twirler in terms of flow structure, distribution of temperature and emission characteristics. In PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) experiment, the less of swirl number, axial flow is dominant at the center. As swirl number increases, the flow develops along the burner tile and backward flow becomes stronger at center. From the combustion characteristics, as long as combustion load increases, blow-off limit was improved. But at the higher swirl number, the limit is decreased. At swirl number 0, the temperature is shown typical distribution of long flame burner. but swirl number increases, the temperature distribution is uniform in front of round tile. Therefore, the temperature distribution is coincided with flow structure. As excess air ratio increases, NO concentrations are high. But high swirl number gives rise to become low NO concentrations. The flame characteristics are comprised in wrinkled laminar-flame regime according to turbulence Reynolds number(Rel) and Damkohler number(Da).