• Title/Summary/Keyword: 선택적 제거

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Selective Removal of Cu in Ferrous Scrap by Chlorine gas (염소가스에 의한 철 스크랩 중 Cu의 선택적 제거)

  • Lee, So-Yeong;Sohn, Ho-Sang
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.54-60
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    • 2018
  • The quality of steel produced from scrap can be adversely affected because of the buildup of tramp elements in recycled scrap. The tramp element of greatest concern is copper because of its effect on steel quality, even in small percentage quantities. In this study, possibility of removal of copper from ferrous scrap by using $Cl_2$ gas is experimentally examined in a small size experimental apparatus. Synthetic ferrous scraps containing copper were reacted with $Cl_2$ gas in various atmosphere. The copper was chloridized and evaporated, whereas iron was oxidized and was not reacted with Cl2 and oxygen mixture gas.

Biofilm airlift 반응기를 이용한 선택적 질산화의 연구

  • Yun, Ho-Jun;Jang, Jae-Seon;Kim, Dong-Jin
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.457-460
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    • 2000
  • A biofilm airlift reactor filled with biomass-covered carriers (sand) were used to remove ammonium by selective nitrification (ammonium to nitrite). The effects of experimental conditions (ammonium load, pH, dissolved oxygen) on nitrification and nitrite accumulation were investigated. The reactor showed more than 90% nitrification efficiencies at 2.5 kg $NH_4\;^+-N/m^3/d$ and $NO_2\;^--N$ could be accumulated between 75% and 90% in the effluent. It is likely that nitratation (nitrite oxidizer) was inhibited by low dissolved oxygen concentration while nitritation (ammonium oxidizer) was kept stable.

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A Study of Real-Time SHE-PWM Pattern Using Ordered Orthogonal Function (직교함수를 이용한 실시간 SHE-PWM 패턴 형성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Ik;Lee, Sang-Tae;Joe, Jun-Ik;Chon, Byoung-Sil
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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    • v.33B no.1
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    • pp.195-200
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    • 1996
  • In this paper, to eliminate some selected harmonics, we implement PWM inverter which can be able to control in real-time. Using walsh function, which is one of the ordered orthogonal functions, we propose a new method to calculate firing angles, and implement logic circuits which can be calculate firing angles in real-time and be applicable to 1- and 3-phase circuits. Finally, using simulation circuits which accept the outputs obtained from the implemented logic circuits as the inputs, we confirmed the characteristics in steady state of the proposed method for PWM inverter.

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Selective Word Embedding for Sentence Classification by Considering Information Gain and Word Similarity (문장 분류를 위한 정보 이득 및 유사도에 따른 단어 제거와 선택적 단어 임베딩 방안)

  • Lee, Min Seok;Yang, Seok Woo;Lee, Hong Joo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.105-122
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    • 2019
  • Dimensionality reduction is one of the methods to handle big data in text mining. For dimensionality reduction, we should consider the density of data, which has a significant influence on the performance of sentence classification. It requires lots of computations for data of higher dimensions. Eventually, it can cause lots of computational cost and overfitting in the model. Thus, the dimension reduction process is necessary to improve the performance of the model. Diverse methods have been proposed from only lessening the noise of data like misspelling or informal text to including semantic and syntactic information. On top of it, the expression and selection of the text features have impacts on the performance of the classifier for sentence classification, which is one of the fields of Natural Language Processing. The common goal of dimension reduction is to find latent space that is representative of raw data from observation space. Existing methods utilize various algorithms for dimensionality reduction, such as feature extraction and feature selection. In addition to these algorithms, word embeddings, learning low-dimensional vector space representations of words, that can capture semantic and syntactic information from data are also utilized. For improving performance, recent studies have suggested methods that the word dictionary is modified according to the positive and negative score of pre-defined words. The basic idea of this study is that similar words have similar vector representations. Once the feature selection algorithm selects the words that are not important, we thought the words that are similar to the selected words also have no impacts on sentence classification. This study proposes two ways to achieve more accurate classification that conduct selective word elimination under specific regulations and construct word embedding based on Word2Vec embedding. To select words having low importance from the text, we use information gain algorithm to measure the importance and cosine similarity to search for similar words. First, we eliminate words that have comparatively low information gain values from the raw text and form word embedding. Second, we select words additionally that are similar to the words that have a low level of information gain values and make word embedding. In the end, these filtered text and word embedding apply to the deep learning models; Convolutional Neural Network and Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM. This study uses customer reviews on Kindle in Amazon.com, IMDB, and Yelp as datasets, and classify each data using the deep learning models. The reviews got more than five helpful votes, and the ratio of helpful votes was over 70% classified as helpful reviews. Also, Yelp only shows the number of helpful votes. We extracted 100,000 reviews which got more than five helpful votes using a random sampling method among 750,000 reviews. The minimal preprocessing was executed to each dataset, such as removing numbers and special characters from text data. To evaluate the proposed methods, we compared the performances of Word2Vec and GloVe word embeddings, which used all the words. We showed that one of the proposed methods is better than the embeddings with all the words. By removing unimportant words, we can get better performance. However, if we removed too many words, it showed that the performance was lowered. For future research, it is required to consider diverse ways of preprocessing and the in-depth analysis for the co-occurrence of words to measure similarity values among words. Also, we only applied the proposed method with Word2Vec. Other embedding methods such as GloVe, fastText, ELMo can be applied with the proposed methods, and it is possible to identify the possible combinations between word embedding methods and elimination methods.

A Study on Process Performances of Continuous Electrodeionization with a Bipolar Membrane for Water Softening and Electric Regeneration (바이폴라막을 이용한 연수용 전기탈이온의 공정 효율 및 전기적 재생에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Seung-Hyeon;Hong, Min-Kyoung;Han, Sang-Don;Lee, Hong-Joo
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.210-218
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    • 2007
  • CEDI-BPM(Continuous Electrodeionization-Bipolar Membrane) has advantages due to high ion permselectivity through ion exchange membranes and the production of $H^+$ and $OH^-$ ions on the bipolar membrane surfaces for regeneration of ion exchange resin during electrodeionization operation. In this study, hardness materials were removed by the CEDI-BPM without scale formation and the ion exchange resins were electrically regenerated during the operation. The adsorption characteristic of ion exchange resin surface, the influence of flow rate on the hardness removal and electric regeneration were investigated in the study. The removal efficiency of Ca was higher than that of Mg in the CEDI-BPM, which was related to the high adsorption capacity of Ca on the cation exchange resin. With increasing flow rate, the flux of Ca and Mg was enhanced by the permselectivity of a cation exchange membrane. In the electric regeneration of CEDI-BPM, it was shown that the regeneration efficiency was higher with a lower regeneration potential applied between cathode and anode.

Study of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide/n-Butyl Acetate Co-solvent System with High Selectivity in Photoresist Removal Process (포토레지스트 공정에서 높은 선택성을 가지는 초임계 이산화탄소/n-butyl acetate 공용매 시스템 연구)

  • Kim, Dong Woo;Heo, Hoon;Lim, Kwon Teak
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.357-363
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the supercritical carbon dioxide ($scCO_2$)/ n-butyl acetate (n-BA) co-solvent system was employed to remove an unexposed negative photoresist (PR) from the surface of a silicon wafer. In addition, the selectivity of the $scCO_2$/n-BA co-solvent system was confirmed for the unexposed and exposed negative PR. Optimum conditions for removal of the unexposed PR were obtained from various conditions such as pressure, temperature and n-BA ratio. The n-BA was highly soluble in $scCO_2$ without cloud point and phase separation in mostly experimental conditions. However, the $scCO_2$/n-BA co-solvent was phase separated at 100 bar, above $80^{\circ}C$. The unexposed and exposed PR was swelled in $scCO_2$ solvent at all experimental conditions. The complete removal of unexposed PR was achieved from the reaction condition of 160 bar, 10 min, $40^{\circ}C$ and 75 wt% n-BA in $scCO_2$, as measured by ellipsometry. The exposed photoresist showed high stability in the $scCO_2$/n-BA co-solvent system, which indicated that the $scCO_2$/n-BA co-solvent system has high selectivity for the PR removal in photo lithograph process. The $scCO_2$/n-BA co-solvent system not only prevent swelling of exposed PR, but also provide efficient and powful performance to removal unexposed PR.

Data Backup System Exploiting De-duplication TAR Scheme (중복제거 TAR 기법을 적용한 백업 시스템)

  • Kang, Sung-Woon;Jung, Ho-Min;Lee, Jeong-Gun;Ko, Young-Woong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2011.06a
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    • pp.539-542
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    • 2011
  • TAR와 같은 아카이브 포맷에는 파일 중복을 제거하는 기능이 포함되어 있지 않아서 리눅스 배포 미러와 같이 버전단위로 저장되는 시스템에서 디스크 공간의 낭비가 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 파일 중복 제거 기능을 추가한 TAR형태의 압축 포맷인 DTAR와 이를 제어하는 DTM 유틸리티를 제안하였다. 주요 아이디어는 클라이언트에서 DTAR 생성 시, 헤더에 SHA1 해시 정보를 추가하여 DTM 유틸리티를 통해 SHA1 해시를 노드로 하는 R-B Tree를 생성하고 이를 서버에 저장된 해시 정보와 비교하여 DTAR내에서 중복이 없는 파일을 선택적으로 파일을 압축하고 서버로 백업하고 관리하는 것이다. 실험 결과 DTM을 통한 백업은 중복 데이터가 누적될수록 DTAR가 tar.gz보다 공간적인 측면이나 백업을 위한 데이터 패킷 전송 시간에서 크게 향상된 성능을 보였다.

CARS에서 배경신호의 제거에 의한 분광선회복

  • 이은성
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.457-463
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    • 1993
  • We investigated that the CARS signals generated from resonant or nonresonant contributions can be selectively suppressed by phase-controlled nonlinear interferometry. To control the phase of the CARS signal over a broad spectral range, a home-made phase shifting unit was used, whose thickness was automatically controlled as the wavelength of Stokes beam scaned. Using this technique, we recovered the Q-branch resonance lines of carbon monoxide and HC1 which had been distorted and buried by the nonresonant and resonant signal of propane respectively. All the spectrum measured have been normalized by reference signal which had no resonance lines over the spectral range of interest.

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A Low Complexity Dual-User Multiplexing Scheme Using OFDM over Frequency Selective SIMO Fading Channels (단일 송신 안테나 및 OFDM을 이용하는 두 사용자의 저 복잡도 동시 전송 기법)

  • Choi, Byoungjo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.38A no.2
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    • pp.143-155
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    • 2013
  • A low-complexity dual-user multiplexing scheme is proposed for a pair of mobiles equipped with single antenna operating over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed scheme employs OFDM transmission scheme with a modified version of a space-frequency code and a low-complexity PIC-SIC group detection is invoked at the corresponding receiver. The BER performances of the proposed scheme are studied using LTE-like parameters through simulations and are compared against those of conventional ZF and ML schemes.

Study on Satin-Nickel plating continuous process according to the filtering system (필터링 시스템을 통한 사틴 니켈 연속 공정 연구)

  • Jang, A-Yeong;Hwang, Yang-Jin;U, Chang-Ho;Lee, Su-Eon;Hwang, Hwan-Il;Kim, Cheol;Lee, Gyu-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.318-318
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    • 2012
  • 최근 고급스러운 표면을 가지는 제품의 수요가 증가함에 따라 pore를 통하여 rough한 표면을 구현하고 광택을 줄인 사틴 도금이 각광받고 있다. 사틴 효과를 구현하기 위하여 도금 용액에 첨가되는 첨가제의 종류 중 에멀젼 타입의 사틴 첨가제는 시간이 경과함에 따라 첨가제 입자들의 뭉침 현상이 발생하기 때문에 건욕 후 2시간이 경과하면 사틴 효과가 감소하게 되고 연속 공정이 불가능하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 크기가 증가한 첨가제 입자들만을 제거한 후 첨가제를 소량씩 재첨가하여 사틴 니켈의 연속 공정이 가능하도록 필터링 및 첨가제 보충이 가능한 필터링 시스템을 도입하였다. 필터링 시스템에 의하여 2시간 경과 후 발생되는 뭉쳐진 첨가제가 선택적으로 제거 되어 pore의 크기를 제어할 수 있었으며 제거된 첨가제는 재첨가로 인해 보충되어 pore의 크기와 개수도 유지 할 수 있었다.

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