• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.3 s.60
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• pp.166-171
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• 1984

The present studies were conducted to investigate the relative toxicity of several insecticides to the rice insect pests and the predatious spider, Pirate subpiraticus. In laboratory test by topical application, BPMC and MIPC for the plant and leafhoppers were toxic to Nilaparvata lugens, but less toxic to Pirata subpiraticus. Other carbamate insecticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, and MTMC showed highly toxic effect on P. subpiraticus as well as N. lugens. No organophosphates showed selective toxicity to P. subpiraticus. Thiocyclam, effective to Chilo suppressalis and Sesamia inferens, had highly good selective toxicity to P. subpiraticus. In case of insecticides for Nephotettix cincticeps, BPMC only had a little selective toxicity between N. cincticeps and P. subpiraticus. Organophosphate insecticides which had been reported to induce chemical resistance to N. cincticeps showed high $LD_{50}$ value to N. cincticeps. In pot trials, dust formulation was more toxic to P. subpiraticus than emulsifiable concentrate. It was more toxic to P. subpiraticus to increase number. of insecticide application.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.1 s.26
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• pp.1-6
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• 1976

his study was conducted to investigate selective toxicity of several organophosphorous and carbamic insecticides against the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensEugens), and the green rice leafhopper (Nephotetix cincticeps). The test insecticides were the organophosphoric insecticides, Diazinon$(34\%\; Ec.,\; 3\%\; G.),$ $MEP(Sumithion 50\%\; Ec.)$, and PAP(Elsan\; 47.5\%\; Ec.)$ and the carbamic insecticides. MPMC $(Meobal\; 50\%\;WP.)$, $BPMC(Bassa\; 50\%\; Ec.)$, and carbofuran $(Curaterr; 3\%\; G.)$. Toxicitiy for emulsion concentrates and wettable powders were evaluated by dipping method of rice seedlings in the laboratory and that for granulated insecticides evaluated by submerged application with potted plants in the greenhouse. In the test of contact toxicity by seedling dips, Diazinon MEP and PAP showed significantly low toxicity to the brown planthopper and MEP to the green rice leafhopper. In the test of submerged application, Carbofuran showed almost equal toxicity to the four species of the hoppers, but Diazinon was greatly less toxic to the brown planthopper. In general. the organophosphorous insecticides tested seemed to be selective in toxicity to the species of the hoppers, while the carbamic insecticides being less selective. The carbamic insecticides such as MPMC, BPMC and Carbofuran were almost equal in toxicity to the four species of the hoppers tested.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2004

Toxicities of 42 pesticides (13 acaricides, 13 insecticides, 13 fungicides and 3 adjuvants) commonly used to control rose insect, mite, and disease pests were evaluated to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae egg and adult, and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis egg, nymph and adult at the recommended concentration. The effect of density suppression of T urticae by predatory mite and pesticide mixture on the rose in the greenhouses was also investigated. Among 13 acaricides tested, acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen showed much less toxicity to P. persimilis than to T urticae. Among insecticides, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid＋etofenprox showed low toxicity to P. persimilis. and T ruticae. Among 13 fungicides, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triadimefon, triflumizole and oxadixyl＋mancozeb had a negligible effect on P. persimilis and T. urticae. Among three adjuvants, cover and siloxane expressed high toxicity, while spreader showed very low toxicity to P. Persimilis. In the greenhouses experiments, the density of T urticae before treatment was 65.3 mites per leaf. However, their density after release about 30 predatory mites per rose abruptly decreased from 3.8 mites at 11th day to zero mite at 20th day. During survey periods, four treatments of fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triflumizole) for the control of Sphaerotheca pannosa and one treatment of insecticide (spinosad) the control of Frankliniella occidentalis were applied, and these treatments had no the pesticides had no effect on the predatory mite density. It may be suggested from these results that four acaricides, five insecticides, seven fungicides, and one adjuvant could be incorporated into the integrated T. urticae management system with P. persimilis on rose cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to select the selective aphicides to Myzus persicae adults and its predator, Harmonia axyridis adults. The effects of the selective aphicides on the longevity, fecundity and hatchability of predaror were examined. All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of those aphicides. Mortalities of adult H. axyridis to pirimicarb (162.5 ppm), fenvalerate (50 ppm) and endosulfan (577.5ppm) were shown 0, 20 and 22.5%, respectively. Endosulfan and fenvalerate showed the mortality above 48% to eggs and larvae H. axyridis, but pirimicarb was not toxic to those stages. Pirimicarb did not affect to the longevity, fecundity and hatchability of H. axyridis, but endosulfan and fenvalerate severely affected to the predators. From these results, pirimicarb can be used in biological controls for M. persicae.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1988

출생직후부터 새끼쥐에 유발시킨 납중독이 중추의 특정 신경계에 미치는 신경독성의 선택성 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 특정 신경계의 한 예로 모노아민성 신경계를 선택하여 납중독의 지표로 모노아민성 신경계의 효소인 MAO (mono-amine oxidase)의활성을 측정하였으며, 비특정 조직의 지표로 Na+K+-ATPase의 활성을 측정하였다. Wistar계의 흰쥐에서 태어난 새끼들에게 출생직후부터 전실험기간을 통해 0.05% 혹은 0.2% 초산납 (PbAc2)용액을 식수로 공급하여 납중독을 유발시켰다. 생후 2, 4, 6 및 8주된 새끼쥐의 MAO 및 Na+K+-ATPase활성을 대뇌, 간뇌, 중뇌, 뇌교-연수 및 다섯부위에서 각기 측정하였다.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.72-84
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• 1987

어미쥐에 유발시킨 납중독이 새끼쥐의 특정 중추신경계에 미치는 신경독성의 선택성 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 특정 신경계의 한 예로 모노아민성 신경계를 선택하여 납중독의 지표로 모노아민성 신경계의 효소인 MAO(monoamine oxidase)의 활성을 측정하였으며 비특정조직에의 지표로 Na+.K+-ATPase의 활성을 측정하였다. 임신한 Wistar계 어미쥐에게 임신전기간에 걸쳐 0.05 혹은 0.2% 초산납(PbAc2)용액을 식수로 공급하여 간접적으로 태아에 납중독을 유발시켰다. 새끼쥐는 출생직후 정상 식수를 공급해 주었다. 2, 4, 6 및 8주된 새끼쥐의 MAO 및 Na+.K+-ATPase활성을 대뇌, 간뇌, 중뇌, 뇌교-연수 및 소뇌 등 다섯부위에서 각기 측정하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.234-234
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• 1994

최근 새롭게 조명된 생약에 관한 여러 연구를 통해, 기존의 항암제 보다는 더 효과적이고 인체에는 부작용이 적은 항암제를 개발해내기 위해 국내 자생 생약중 총 103 종류( 95 손 98종 )을 채집하였다. 이들 생약을 암세포주( L1210, P333 D$_1$)와 장상세포주(Vero)을 대상으로 MTT colorimetric assay를 실시하여 항종양성에 대해 알아보았다. 이들 세포주에 대한 $IC_{50}$/ 값으로 세포독성능을 알아보았다. 그리하여 정상세포주에는 적은 세포 독성능을 나타내면서, 암세포주에는 높은 세포 독성능을 나타내는 생약제 6종( BuOH 추출물 2종, MeOH) 추출물 4종 )을 선정하였다. 이중 항암활성능이 가장 높은 미역줄나무(Tripteryrium regelii)를 선택하여 유기용매별로 추출, 그 각각에 대한 세포 독성능이 가장 높게 나타난 2분획을 선택하여 기존에 시판중인 Adriamycin과의 병용 투여시의 세포 독성능의 상승효과를 확인 하였다. 즉 Adriamycin과의 단독 투여보다 복합 투여시에 암세포주에 대한 세포 독성능이 높아졌고, 정상세포주에 대한 독성이 감소되는 효과가 나타났다. 또한 in vitro 에서는 세포 독성능이 다소 적더라도 in vivo에서 면역학적 활성이 기대되는 생약제 3종을 선정하여 항암성분의 분리 및 정제를 하여 항암성에 대하여 알아보았다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1988

This study was initiated to understand the mechanism of selective toxicity of diazinon and carbofuran to killifish and loach. Conventional LC50 was calculated from fish test. IC50 with acetylcholinesterase activity was estimated using whole body and wet brain homogenate of the two fish species. Acetylcholinesterase activity of killifish was approximately twice as high as that of loach. The selective toxicity of diazinon to killifish and loach was partly (14 : 4) explained by the IC50 of diazoxon, a toxic metabolite of diazinon. IC50 of carbofuran also partly (14 : 3.4) contributed to the selectivity. These result suggested that the enzymatic method might be utilized as a screening tool for the chemicals affecting fish species of environmental concern with certain limitations which should be overcome in future studies.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.2 no.10
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• pp.14-21
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• 1981

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.24 no.2 s.185
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• pp.16-19
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• 2003