• Membrane Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2005

Silica membranes were prepared on a porous metal sheet by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method for gas separation at high temperatures. In order to improve the permselectivity, silica was deposited in the sol-gel derived $silica/\gamma-alumina$ intermediate layer by pyrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) at 873 K. The pyrolysis with forced cross flow through the porous wall of the support was very effective in plugging mesopores, Knudsen diffusion regime, that were left unplugged in the membranes. At permeation temperature of 523 K, the silica/alumina composite membrane showed $H_2/N_2$ and water/methanol selectivity as high as 17 and 16, respectively, by molecular sieve effect.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2000

Among the compression methods of moving picture information, a motion estimation method is used to remove time-repeating. The Block Matching Algorithm in motion estimation methods is the commonest one. In recent days, it is required the more advanced high quality in many image processing fields, for example HDTV, etc. Therefore, we have to accomplish not by means of Partial Search Algorithm, but by means of Full Search Algorithm in Block Matching Algorithm. In this paper, it is suggested a structure that reduce total calculation quantity and size, because the structure using Bit Plane select and use only 3bit of 8bit luminance signal.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.124-130
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a feature point selection method for MPEG CDVS CE-7 which is processing on International Standard task. Among a large number of extracted feature points, more important feature points which is used in image matching should be selected for the compactness of image descriptor. The proposed method is that remove the feature point in the extraction phase which is filtered by nearest neighbor distance ratio matching in the matching phase. We can avoid the waste of the feature point and employ additional feature points by the proposed method. The experimental results show that our proposed method can obtain true positive rate improvement about 2.3% in pair-wise matching test compared with Test Model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.165-173
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• 2004

Since the conventional image segmentation methods using mathematical morphology tend to yield over-segmented results, they normally need postprocess which merges small regions to obtain larger ones. To solve this over-segmentation problem without postprocess had to increase size of structuring element used marker extraction. As size of structuring element is very large, edge of region segments incorrectly. Therefore, this paper selectively applies structuring element of mathematical morphology to improve performance of image segmentation and classifies input image into texture region, edge region and simple region using averaged local variance and image gradient. Proposed image segmentation method removes the cause for over-segmentation of image as selectively applies size of structuring element to each region. Simulation results show that proposed method correctly segment for pixel region of similar luminance value and more correctly search texture region and edge region than conventional methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

A ground penetrating image radar (GPR) using an ultra wideband (UWB)impulse waveform is developed for non destructive detection of metallic pipelines buried under the ground. Dielectric constant of test field is measured and then a GPR system is designed for better detection up to 1 meter deep. By considering total path loss, volume of complete system, and resolution, upper and lower frequencies are chosen. First, a UWB impulse for the frequency bandwidth of the impulse is chosen with rising time less than 1 ns, and then compact planar UWB dipole antenna suitable for frequency bandwidth of a UWB impulse is designed. Also, to receive reflected signals, a digital storage oscilloscope is used. For measurement, a monostatic technique and a migration technique are used. For visualizing underground targets, simple image processing techniques of A-scan removal and B-scan average removal are applied. The prototype of the system is tested on a test field in wet clay soil and it is shown that the developed system has a good ability in detecting underground metal objects, even small targets of several centimeters.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

This paper proposes a simple algorithm for circuit minimization. There are currently two effective heuristics for circuit minimization, namely manual Karnaugh maps and computable Quine-McCluskey algorithm. The latter, however, has a major defect: the runtime and memory required grow $3^n/n$ times for every increase in the number of variables n. The proposed algorithm, however, extracts the prime implicants (PI) that cover minterms of a given Boolean function by deriving an implicants table based on frequency. From a set of the extracted prime implicants, the algorithm then eliminates redundant PIs again based on frequency. The proposed algorithm is therefore capable of minimizing circuits polynomial time when faced with an increase in n. When applied to various 3-variable and 4-variable cases, it has proved to swiftly and accurately obtain the optimal solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.315-318
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 NaCl 용응법에 의해 fly ash로부터 합성된 swelling mica의 다양한 이온의 교환특성과 이온교환이 결정구조에 미치는 영향을 규명함으로서 swelling mica에 의한 유해 방사능 물질 및 중금속의 효과적인 제거제로서의 활용 가능성을 조사하고자 하였다. 1가 양이온이 흡착된 FA-swelling mica의 $d_{001}$/ peak의 강도는 흡착된 이온의 직경이 클수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나, $d_{001}$/ value는 흡착된 이온의 직경과 뚜렷한 상관관계가 없었다. 또한 FA-swelling mica의 NH4 이온의 흡착량은 133 $cmol^{+}$/kg, K 이온은 127 $cmol^{+}$/kg, Li 이온은 23 $cmol^{+}$/kg으로서 방사성 물질과 중금속 이온에 비해 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 2가 양이온이 흡착된 FA-swelling mica의 $d_{001}$/ peak 강도와 $d_{001}$/ value는 이온의 직경에 관계없이 비슷한 값을 나타내었으며 1가 양이온의 흡착에 비해 구조적 안정성이 높았다. Sr 및 Ba 이온의 흡착반응은 느리고 지속적으로 일어났으며 Ca와 Mg 같은 2가 양이온에 비해 선택성이 훨씬 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Sr 및 Ba 이온과 같이 직경이 큰 방사성 원소들은 swelling mica의 층간에 흡착되어 결정구조가 부분적으로 붕괴됨으로서 이온을 비가역적으로 고정하는 특성을 나타내었다. Zn, Cu, Cd 및 Pb 등의 중금속 이온이 흡착된 FA-swelling mica의 $d_{001}$/ value는 12.70~12.80$\AA$으로서 매우 일정하였으며, 이온 흡착에 의한 층간 팽창정도는 이온의 크기뿐만 아니라 수화정도에 따라 상이하였다. FA-swelling mica의 중금속 이온의 흡착은 층간 붕괴에 의해 일어나는 것으로 판단되며, 선택성과 흡착능력은 층간 붕괴속도와 비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 FA-swelling mica의 중금속 이온의 선택성은 Pb>Cu>Cd$\geq$Zn 순으로 나타났다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

In order to remove $NO_3;^-$ ion from ground-water, fibrous ion -exchangers, APP-g-GMA, were synthesized by GMA grafting onto PP trunk polymer with E-beam accelerator for pre-irradiation. Their degrees of grafting and amination yield increased up to $60^{\circ}C$ and showed maximum values as 133%, 88%, respectively. And their swelling ratio and ion exchange capacity at the maximum values are 86%, 2.5 meq/g, respectively which was higher than commercial ion-exchangers such as IMAC HP555 and Amberlite IRA 400. Optimum adsorption condition of $NO_3;^-$ ion was measured at pH 5~6 and -Cl form of APP-g-GMA containing trimethylammonium group showed the highest adsorption capacity.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2005

One of the most important factors that determine the quality of a stated preference study is questionnaire design. This study introduces strategies for enhancing the rationality and testing for the validity of choice experiments(CE) using "example" choice questions that mimic the main choice questions. From the case study of WTP for reduced radon radiation exposures in the home, the study found that screening out irrational responses, 12% of the effective responses, resulted in a meaningful increase in model fit. Meanwhile the study tested for anchoring effects, as a way of confirming the divergent validity of the study, by looking at equality of models estimated for two subsamples. The overall test results were mixed. The pros and cons of the questionnaire design strategy employed are also reported.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.292-300
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• 2014

Chlorine-resistant sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymer (SPAES)-thin film composite (TFC) membranes for desalination are prepared using monoglyme as a selective solvent, which dissolves SPAES, but should be inert to porous polysulfone layer (e.g., Udel$^{(R)}$). Different from formic acid and diethylene glycol used as other selective solvents, monoglyme is environmentally friendly and has much lower boiling temperature. After a pretreatment of Udel$^{(R)}$ support film in isopropyl alcohol-glycerine mixture to minimize pore penetration leading to fairly reduced water flux, coating of SPAES solution in monoglyme onto the support and stepwise drying processes are conducted for defect-free TFC formation. The transport behavior through SPAES-TFC membranes is observed, correlating with the effects of sulfonation level, protonation, and physical and chemical crosslinking of SPAES selective layers.