• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the parotid gland, generally presenting as a slowly growing, firm, well-circumscribed, painless nodule. It is often difficult to separate into benign and malignant categories because its bland histomorphologic and cytologic features. This tumor can be rarely associated with cystic change, hemorrhagic necrosis, or spontaneous infarction. Necrosis of lesional tissue may be associated with malignant transformation, particularly in a pleomorphic adenoma. We report a case of 50-year-old woman presented with a enlarging right parotid mass. Computed tomographic scan demonstrated a right superficial lobe mass with ill-defined border. The preoperative fine needle aspiration yielded necrotic debris and atypical squamous elements that were thought to be compatible with high degree of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A total parotidectomy with intraoperative frozen section revealed extensive necrosis and diagnosed as malignant tumor. This tumor was finally diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma with necrosis on permanent sections. Caution should be exercised in evaluation of the parotid neoplasms with central necrosis to avoid misdiagnosis of such lesions as malignancy.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

The usefulness of E-cadherin immunostaining as a marker of malignancy in the body fluids was investigated in the present study. Thirty-three histologically proven cases of cell blocks from the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids were studied by immunocytochemistry for E-cadherin antibody using LSAB method. These cases were cytologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma (25 cases) and atypical cells (8 cases). Tumor cells showed strong positive membranous staining for E-cadherin antibody in 21 out of 25 cases (84%) of adenocarcinoma. E-cadherin staining was not found in 6 of 8 cases of suspicious maligancy. The sensitivity and specificity were 84% and 75%, respectively. Reactive mesothelial cells and Inflammatory cells scattered were all negative. In conclusion, E-cadherin is an useful adjunctive marker to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from the carcinoma cells in the body fluids.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1992

Background: The lung is the most common site of metastasis and usually it manifests as a single or multiple nodules in chest X-ray. But less commonly the cancer spreads through the lymphatics and X-ray shows diffuse reticulonodular densities. Sometimes, patient is presented with respiratory symptoms only with interstitial lung infiltration before the signs of primary tumor and in that cases, the differential diagnosis with other interstitial lung disease is required. We have experienced 5 such cases, who were diagnosed as lymphangitic carcinomatosis by transbronchial lung biopsy. Methods: Clinical manifestation, pulmonary function test, modified thin section CT, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy were done. Results: The primary tumor was gastric cancer in 3, lung cancer in 2. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern with low DLco in 2 patients and obstructive pattern in one. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed lymphocytosis in 4 patients and malignant cells were found in one patient. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed malignant cells localized to the lymphatics (peribronchial, perivascular and perialveolar). Cell type was adenocarcinoma in 4 and squamous cell carcinoma in one. Conclusion: Rarely lymphangitic carcinomatosis can be presented as diffuse interstitial lung disease and easily diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.97-97
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• 1993

Primary tumor arises infrequently in the parotid gland and generally, only about 20 to 40 percent of which prove to be malignant. They are characterized by histopathologic diversity, slow tumor growth, significant proportion of patients who have received previous treatment elsewhere. We have reviewed retrospectively 101 cases of parotid gland tumors which were treated for the recent eight years (1985-1992), Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions were all excluded.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2012

Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC) is a highly malignant tumor of the salivary gland. The tumor is clinically characterized by a rapid onset and progression, the neoplasm is often associated with pain and facial paralysis. The nodal recurrence rate is high, and distant metastasis is common. SDC resembles high-grade breast ductal carcinoma. Curative surgical resection and postoperative radiation were the mainstay of the treatment. If facial paralysis is present, a radical parotidectomy is mandatory. Regardless of the primary location of SDC, ipsilateral functional neck dissection is indicated, because regional lymphatic spread has to be expected in the majority of patients already at time of diagnosis. If there is minor gland involvement, a bilateral neck dissection should be performed, because lymphatic drainage may occur to the contralateral side. The survival of SDC patient is poor, with most dying within three years. We experienced a unique case of SDC in parotid deep lobe. We report the clinicopathologic features of this tumor with a review of literature.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2017

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary gland is a newly classified pathologic entity since 2010. Prior to its recognition, MASC was diagnosed as low-grade cystadenocarcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. MASC shares common histological and genetic characteristics with secretory carcinoma of the breast and has a distinct feature of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. Treatment of MASC in salivary gland is mainly wide surgical resection of the tumor. Prognosis of MASC is similar to other low-grade salivary gland carcinomas. Herein, we report a case of MASC developed in a parotid gland with a review of the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.241-247
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• 2007

자궁 경부 세포진 영상의 핵 추출을 위해서는 영상의 배경과 핵 그리고 세포질 영역의 구분이 중요하다. 또한 정상 세포핵과 암종 세포핵의 구분 및 인식을 위해서는 세포핵들의 형태학적 특징을 이용한 분류 기준을 세워야한다. 본 논문에서는 자궁 경부 세포진 영상에서 세포핵의 후보 영역과 핵을 추출하기 위해 현미경 400배율 확대 사진을 획득하는 과정에서 훼손된 컬러 영상을 복원하기 위한 방법으로 Lighting Compensation을 적용하여 영상을 보정한다. 그리고 배경 영역과 세포핵 영역을 구분하기 위해 영상의 R,G,B 영역의 히스토그램의 분포를 이용하여 배경을 제거한다. 배경이 제거된 영상을 그레이 영상으로 변환 한 후, 히스토그램 명암도의 값을 이용하여 세포핵 영역과 세포질을 분류하여 세포핵 영역을 추출한다. 그리고 Kapur 방법을 적용하여 세포핵 영역의 엔트로피 누적확률을 구한 후, 영상을 이진화 한다. Kapur 방법이 적용된 이진화 영상에서 세포핵 영역의 중심과 주위 화소를 비교하는 $3\times3$ 마스크를 적용하여 영상의 미세한 잡음을 제거 한 후, 8방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 최종적으로 세포핵 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 세포핵의 영역을 분류 및 인식하는 과정으로 세포의 외각의 방향성 정보, 핵의 크기, 그리고 면적 비율의 특징을 이용하여 퍼지 소속 함수를 설계한 후, 소속 함수의 소속도를 구하고 퍼지 추론 규칙을 적용하여 자궁 경부 세포진 영상에서 정상 세포핵 및 암종 세포핵을 인식한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.570-573
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• 2003

Sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung are rare malignant biphasic tumors, which contain both a malignant epithelial component and a sarcomatoid component. The majority of patients are men and the mean age of onset is 60 years at the time of diagnosis. A metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and to distant organs is common. The clinical course of patients with this neoplasm is aggressive, with an overall 5-year survival rate approximating 20%. A sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung is often observed in the large bronchi and peripheral lung field than in the trachea, and the clinical manifestations are related to their specific location. We report a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung in a 79-year-old man who presented with dyspnea on exertion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.414-417
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• 2008

A 4-year-old female beagle with progressive exophthalmos and which had a neoplastic mass with diameter of 1.4 cm in the left lower ocular adnexa. Histologically, the mass was composed of hyper-plastic lobules and tubular structures separated by fibrous septum. The well differentiated sebaceous gland forming various sized lobules, and infiltration of mast cells and mononuclear inflammatory cells were observed. Apical decapitation secretion of these tubular structures with basophilic materials in their lumen showed mild sebaceous gland metaplasia. Immunohistochemical studying, cell groups were positive in ${\alpha}-SMA$ and vimentin. The primary tumor was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma originated from moll gland and meibomian gland of the eyelid, and the infiltrating intraocular neoplasm was diagnosed as a malignant mixed tumor.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.397-403
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• 2003

Background: The research sought to identify the clinical features of pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung generally known as a rare subtype in accordance with the lung cancer classification done in 1999 by WHO. Material and Method: 250 cases of surgically resected lung cancers were collected in this hospital from January 1992 to December 2001. This study included 42 cases of pleomorphic carcinoma diagnosed through light microscope and immunohistochemistry. Result: Out of 42 cases, males represented 31, and females 11, the age ranged from 26 to 77. Main clinical symptoms included coughing, hemoptysis, sputum. Diagnoses disclosed the stage as stage la in 3 cases (7%), Ib in 16 (38%), IIa in 1 (2%), IIb in 8 (19%), IIIa in 15 (35%), and IIIb in 1 (2%). Out of these, no lymph node metastasis was represented in 23 cases (54%), while N1 and N2 involving lymph node metastasis was shown 19 cases (46%). A total of 19 patients developed metastasis, comprising the brain in 5 cases (26%), bone in 4 (21%), muscle in 4 (21%), Lymph node in 2 (10%), and 1 liver, ovary, contralateral lung, and adrenal gland, respectively. The size of the tumor ranged from 1 cm to 11 cm, averaging 5.85 cm. Out of the 42 patients, the total two-year and five-year survival rates in accordance with the Kaplan-Meier method represented 26% and 13%, respectively, These figures compared to the corresponding 44% and 34% in cases other than pleomorphic carcinoma from the survey target of 256 cases, proved to be significantly low (p<0.002). No significant difference was found in the survival rates compared between age and tumor size, between stage I and above stage II, and between N0 and above N1. Patients who developed postoperative metastasis all died, and showed significantly low survival rates (p<0.002) compared to those patients without metastasis. Conclusion: With the new diagnosis method of f999 WHO's lung cancer classification applied, pleomorphic carcinoma showed a higher prevalence rate than under previous classifications, their postoperative survival rate was significantly low compared to histologic type of non small cell lung carcinomas.