• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2016

Packaging is thought to contribute to the consumers' purchasing choice of the powdered infant formula products. In Asian market, the products of international and local brands are competing. Evaluation and analysis of food package functions for a variety of brand products will be helpful for the innovative packaging development. Thus, the packaged products of powdered infant formula were collected in Chinese, Indonesian and Korean supermarkets as a typical Asian market and examined in terms of main food packaging functions. Metal cans were the most dominant type of big size package (800-1000 g) while flexible bags were often the common one of medium size (400 g). In general, convenience function was provided in forms of easy opening device and portioning take-out spoon. Information on primary and secondary shelf lives was given besides nutritional facts and use instruction for communication function. The combination of $N_2$ and $CO_2$ was usually employed to protect powdered infant formula in rigid packages, whereas only $N_2$ was used to protect product in most flexible packages.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2012

This study was carried out to understand the anatomical characteristics of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) and host tree of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) by the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy. The branch diameter of host tree at the parasitic part by mistletoe is larger than that of non-parasitic part. In the mistletoe, phloem consists of bast fiber and parenchyma cell and xylem is composed of fiber, ray and axial parenchyma cell, and vascular tracheid. The volume of ray parenchyma cell is higher than common wood species and is heterocellular made up of procumbent, upright, and square cells in the mistletoe. In the vascular tracheid of mistletoe, coarse spiral thickenings and bordered pit are present. Due to the insertion of the mistletoe haustorium, some deformed vessels but no tylosis are observed in the mistletoe. The shapes of mistletoe haustorium are sharp, and the destruction of the host tree cells due to the insertion of the mistletoe haustorium are not identified.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.651-661
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• 1994

Utilizing Mechanical Alloy Process, that were obt,ained the results from investigated formation process of AC4A/$SiC_p$. composite material powders and mechanical properties of their extrusion materials. The obtained results are as follow conclusions. AC4A-lOwt.% $SiC_p$ powders which were mechanically alloyed at 150rpm for 420min have been obtained finely and uniformly rounded powder particals that were reached the steady state which was saturated micro hardness about tlv 230 in the range size of 1 0 ~ 2 0$\mu \textrm{m}$. EDAX analysis tests have been resulted in a little amount of I'e conrents increasing with MA times, the artifical aging of AC4A/S$SiC_p$ composite materials was obtained the hardness with solution treated at $525^{\circ}C$ for lOhrs the maximum value of Hv 230 with aging at. $170^{\circ}C$ for 1000min. The Intensity and width of X-ray diffraction pattern were decreasing and widening because of grain boundary refinement and heterogeneous strain during mechanical alloying. Tensile tests at room temperature were carried out the maximum value of 37 Kgf/$\mu \textrm{mm}^2$ with ext,rused materials, 27 Kgf/$\mu \textrm{mm}^2$ with heat treated them at $500^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.313-320
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• 2013

For some patients with joint illnesses such as rheumarthritis or varus deformity, the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures are performed. However, when inserting metal cutting guide for the procedures, due to the femoral shaft bowing, complications such as the cortex of the femoral shaft damages or secondary fractures can be caused. If the central coordinate value of the femoral shaft is known, the metal cutting guide could be inserted into the anatomical center, so such complications can be prevented. In this study, CT images of femoral shafts of 10 individuals in the experiment group who are in need of receiving the total knee arthroplasty procedures and those of 10 individuals in the control group without illness in the femoral shaft have been utilized to locate the 3-dimensional coordinate values. Then, Matlab was utilized to identify the central coordinate value in order to obtain a graph reflecting the anatomical shapes as well as to acquire the 3-dimensional radial curvature values by section. As a result, the average curvature range and standard deviation of femoral shafts of the experiment group was determined to be $758.15{\pm}206.3mm$ whereas the that of the control group was determined to be $1672.97{\pm}395.6mm$. The statistical significance of the measured results was verified through f-distribution analysis. Based on these results, it was verified that the level of curvature of the femoral shaft of the experiment group was higher. If the anatomical central points are located and analyzed using this methodology, it would be helpful in performing orthopedic operations such as the total knee arthroplasty.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.351-362
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• 2006

Currently, finding one's way in the underground spaces associated with subway stations in large cities is becoming a serious problem, and an environment that facilitates wayfinding is becoming more important. This study investigated interior treatments that function as visual cues in the subway stations of Seoul, Tokyo, and Taipei in order to develop design guidelines that would improve the place-cognition environment. A theoretical study has shown that there are three categories of visual cue for place cognition: marked trails, regional differentiation, and landmarks. The case study showed that marked trails involve treatments like vertical markers, confrontational positioning, and subway color codes. Regional differentiation involves patterns on the floors and walls, and accent colors on the walls and columns. Landmarks include treatments such as super graphics, symbolic features, artistic decoration and special lights. In the cases of Seoul, marked trails and regional differentiation were predominant. In addition, the Olympic symbol 'Hodori' and the ancient Korean character "Hunminjungeum" were used as landmarks. In the cases of Tokyo, regional differentiation predominated over marked trails because of the complexity of the spatial structure and subway line connection system. In the cases of Taipei, simple, unified images predominated, and there was minimal dependence on marked trails and landmarks. The need for regional differentiation was weak, because the stations studied have open structures that guarantee an open field of view. The results of this research could be used as design guidelines, after further experimental verification, that would help to improve the public environment in terms of wayfinding.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.7-32
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• 2017

Recently, deep learning has been rapidly spreading as an innovative machine learning technique in various domains. This study explored the research trends of deep learning via modified ego centered topic citation analysis. To do that, a few seed documents were selected from among the retrieved documents with the keyword 'deep learning' from Web of Science, and the related documents were obtained through citation relations. Those papers citing seed documents were set as ego documents reflecting current research in the field of deep learning. Preliminary studies cited frequently in the ego documents were set as the citation identity documents that represents the specific themes in the field of deep learning. For ego documents which are the result of current research activities, some quantitative analysis methods including co-authorship network analysis were performed to identify major countries and research institutes. For the citation identity documents, co-citation analysis was conducted, and key literatures and key research themes were identified by investigating the citation image keywords, which are major keywords those citing the citation identity document clusters. Finally, we proposed and measured the citation growth index which reflects the growth trend of the citation influence on a specific topic, and showed the changes in the leading research themes in the field of deep learning.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2015

In this paper, we present, an indstrial RFID layered microstrip patch antenna is designed using an inset feed method in order to improve recognition rates in a long distance as tags are attached to metal object by improving a problem of feeding power in fabricating metal tags and reducing effects of metallic object. The inset feed shows a distinctive characteristic that has no separation between emitters and feed lines differing from a structure with the conventional inductive coupling feed. This structure makes possible to produce a type that presents a low antenna height and enables impedance coupling for tag chips. Although it shows a difficulty in the impedance coupling due to increases in the parasite capacitance between a ground plane and an emitter in an antenna according to decreases in the height of a tag antenna, it may become a merit in designing the tag antenna because the antenna impedance can be determined as an inductive manner if a shorted structure is used for feeding power. Therefore, in this paper the microstrip patch antenna is designed as a modified type and applies the inset feed in order to reduce effects of metallic objects where the antenna is be attached. Also, the antenna uses a multi-layer structure that includes a metal plate between radiator and ground instead of using a single layer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1487-1490
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• 2007

디지털 위성방송의 시작과 더불어 본격적인 데이터 방송의 시대가 열렸다. 데이터방송이 시작 되면서 데이터방송용 양방향 콘텐츠에 대한 수요가 급속하게 증가하고 있다. 하지만 양방향 콘텐츠 개발에 필요한 저작 도구 및 검증 시스템은 아주 초보적인 수준에 머물러 있는 것이 현실이다. 그러나 방송의 특성상 콘텐츠 상에서의 오류는 방송 사고에까지 이를 수 있는 심각한 상황이 연출 될 수 있다. 본 연구 팀은 이러한 DTV 콘텐츠 개발 요구에 부응하여, 개발자의 콘텐츠 개발 및 사업자 또는 기관에서의 콘텐츠 검증이 원활이 이루어 질수 있도록 하는 양방향 콘텐츠 검증 시스템을 개발 중이다. 양방향 콘텐츠 검증 시스템은 Java 컴파일러, 디버거, 미들웨어, 가상머신, 그리고 IDE 등으로 구성된다. 본 논문에서 제시한 자바 컴파일러는 양방향 콘텐츠 검증 시스템에서 데이터 방송용 자바 애플리케이션(Xlet)을 컴파일하여 에뮬레이팅 하거나 런타임 상에서 디버깅이 가능하도록 하는 바이너리형태의 class 파일을 생성한다. 이를 위해 Java 컴파일러는 *.java 파일을 입력으로 받아 어휘 분석과 구문 분석 과정을 거친 후 SDT(syntax-directed translation)에 의해 AST(Abstract Syntax Tree)를 생성한다. 클래스링커는 생성된 AST를 탐색하여 동적으로 로딩 되는 파일들을 연결하여 AST를 확장한다. 의미 분석과정에서는 확장된 AST를 입력으로 받아 참조된 명칭의 사용이 타당한지 등을 검사하고 코드 생성이 용이하도록 AST를 변형하고 부가적인 정보를 삽입하여 ST(Semantic Tree)를 생성한다. 코드 생성 단계에서는 ST를 입력으로 받아 이미 정해 놓은 패턴에 맞추어 Bytecode를 출력한다.ovoids에서도 각각의 점들에 대한 선량을 측정하였다. SAS와 SSAS의 직장에 미치는 선량차이는 실제 임상에서의 관심 점들과 가장 가까운 25 mm(R2)와 30 mm(R3)거리에서 각각 8.0% 6.0%였고 SAS와 FWAS의 직장에 미치는 선량차이는 25 mm(R2) 와 30 mm(R3)거리에서 각각 25.0% 23.0%로 나타났다. SAS와 SSAS의 방광에 미치는 선량차이는 20 m(Bl)와 30 mm(B2)거리에서 각각 8.0% 3.0%였고 SAS와 FWAS의 방광에 미치는 선량차이는 20 mm(Bl)와 30 mm(B2)거리에서 각각 23.0%, 17.0%로 나타났다. SAS를 SSAS나 FWAS로 대체하였을 때 직장에 미치는 선량은 SSAS는 최대 8.0 %, FWAS는 최대 26.0 %까지 감소되고 방광에 미치는 선량은 SSAS는 최대 8.0 % FWAS는 최대 23.0%까지 감소됨을 알 수 있었고 FWAS가 SSAS 보다 차폐효과가 더 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 이 두 종류의 shielded applicator set는 부인암의 근접치료시 직장과 방광으로 가는 선량을 감소시켜 환자치료의 최적화를 이룰 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.)한 항균(抗菌) 효과(效果)를 나타내었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 선방활명음(仙方活命飮)의 항균(抗菌) 효능(效能)은 군약(君藥)인 대황(大黃)의 성분(成分) 중(中)의 하나인 stilbene 계열(系列)의 화합물(化合物)인 Rhapontigenin과 Rhaponticin의 작용(作用)에 의(依)한 것이며, 이는 한의학(韓醫學) 방제(方劑) 원리(原理)인 군신좌사(君臣佐使) 이론(理論)에서 군약(君藥)이 주증(主症)에 주(主)로 작용(作用)하는 약물(藥物)이라는 것을 밝혀주는 것이라고

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2016

Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) has officially announced 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization - high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for analysis of formaldehyde. This study was conducted to develop a convenient derivatization method for cosmetics by improving complex pre-treatment procedures included in KFDA method. To simplify pre-treatment procedures of KFDA method, reaction conditions including pH, time and temperature were optimized. This pre-treatment method does not require complicate pre-treatment steps of KFDA method such as pH adjustment of test solution with acetate buffer (pH 5.0), solvent-solvent partitioning with dichloromethane and concentrating procedure with vacuum evaporator. Formaldehyde-dinitrophenylhydrazone (formaldehyde-DNP) product produced by derivatization reaction was separated and quantified with a reversed-phase HPLC, which was slightly modified with KFDA method. The linearity test showed good results with 0.9999 of correlation coefficient ($r^2$) in the range of 2 ~ 40 ppm of standard solutions. In this method, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values for formaldehyde were 0.2 ppm and 0.5 ppm, respectively. In addition, recovery test demonstrated that the method was also accurate and reproducible. Therefore, the proposed method can be applicable to rapid analysis of formaldehyde in cosmetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.422-431
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• 2016

To investigate the causes of the thermal deformations of packaging materials when microwave-heating ready-to-eat sauce products packaged in stand-up pouches, patterns of temperature changes were determined using an infra-red thermal imaging camera, a thermo-sensitive tape, and a fiver-optic thermometer. The temperature distributions of spicy chicken sauce and Indian curry samples in a stand-up pouch were found to be uneven during micrewave heating. A sharp increase in the temperature was detected, especially above the filling layers and in the corners of sealing layers of the package. The temperature measurements using an infra-red thermal imaging camera are restricted to the surface, and therefore might underestimate the actual temperature. Using a thermo-sensitive tape, temperature up to $200^{\circ}C$ were measured in the spicy chicken sauce sample showing package deformation. When the temperature is measured using a fiber-optic thermometer, it is crucial to have precise sensor performance to accurately measure the temperature in a narrow hot-spot area of the package. In this experiment, the fiber-optic thermometer was attached to a GaAs crystal sensor, which obtained more sensitive and accurate temperature measurements than those by a convectional sensor.