• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.68
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• pp.11-40
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• 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has brought about significant negative changes in our society to the point where it has to be divided into 'Before Corona'(BC) and 'After Corona'(AC). Typical examples include economic difficulties and medical inequality of some social excluded groups as well as individuals who die alone because they are alienated from social networks, and hate and violent discrimination against Asian immigrants, which are rapidly increasing in Western countries in these days. In addition, the pandemic is at a global level, ranging from the vaccine gap between the first and third worlds, triggered by competition for securing vaccines between countries that put their own interests first, the income gap due to changes in the economic environment and financial market, and the bankruptcy of individuals and corporations. In 'all'(pan) and 'people'(demos) became a limit situation that could not be avoided. There is also the opinion that the world could witness the worst catastrophe if the pandemic spreads to poor countries at risk of increasing violence, poverty and famine. The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in society caused by the Coronavirus pandemic and to suggest the direction of Christian education accordingly. To this end, this paper analyzes the medical, economic, and psychological crises that society faces in the post-corona era. Next, we look at the changes in Christian theology, mission, and worship, which are strongly required for fundamental changes in the context of the pandemic. Based on the above discussion, we propose a new direction for Christian education necessary in the post-corona era.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2013

What to analyze cognitive works that are involved in ship navigation is a basic work to make alternatives for maritime safety such as development of bridge equipments, extraction of potential human errors and development of education/ training methods. In the domains in which much research on the human error has been performed such as aviation and nuclear plant, analysis methods for cognitive work analysis have been developed and applied to them. However, the research on the cognitive work analysis is not sufficient in the maritime domain. This paper proposes a method to analyze cognitive work of ship navigation. The method was developed so that some maritime characteristics and a variety of factors influencing cognitive works are reflected on cognitive work analysis processes. On the other hand, an ship collision accident was analyzed by the proposed method as a case study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2001

The wheelhouse front glass of a Fore-Bridge-Ship (Ro-Ro Ship) was broken by the shipping of water in rough seas, and then the flooding of seawater into the wheelhouse caused the uncontrollable condition of the ship. The hull which was entered into the floating condition rolled severely, and the heavy rolling caused secondary damage such as the collapse of a lot of cargo. It was an incredible accident because the height of bow freeboard was about 2.5 times higher than the standard height of minimum bow freeboard regulated by the International Load Line Convention(1966). And it would be also difficult for navigators to imagine a great deal of seawater flooding into the wheelhouse because the front glass was positioned at about 20m height above the sea surface. In this paper, we carried out the evaluation for the safety navigation of the Fore-Bridge-Ship numerically against ship's speed and encountering angle to the wave in each sea state of rough sea, by using the integrated seakeeping performance index (ISPI) which is able to evaluate synthetically the safety operation of ships. And then the problem on the application of the past criteria proposed as the safety navigation of a merchant ship was clarified by inquiring the dangerousness of the shipping of water at her bow deck, which caused the breakage of the wheelhouse front glass.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2024

In traffic management, gaps in understanding traffic conditions continue to exist. While the self-belonging problem indicator develops relative to speed, belonging, and self-based relative inclination, it does not apply elimination criteria that may indicate situations that contrast with attribute-specific problems. In this study, we develop integrated indicators that specify communication situations and safety levels for modeling. We review indicators of changes in traffic conditions and raise safety issues, reviewing the indicators so that ITS data can be applied, analyzing the relationships between indicators through factor analysis. We develop combined, integrated indicators that can show changes and stability in traffic situations and that can be applied in traffic information centers to contribute to the development of a traffic environment that can monitor related traffic conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.620-627
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• 2017

The importance of "Golden time", the early hours for saving lives in case of an accident, is being increasingly recognized day by day. Especially for marine accidents, it may take several hours for a rescue team to arrive, depending on location. Therefore, captains should always be prepared to handle situations independently. In this paper, in order to make better use of Golden Time in an emergency, we determined what the first consideration should be when selecting a ship evacuation route from perspective of the ship operator. To achieve this, we used maritime accident judgments and ship emergency response manual to identify ship evacuation priorities. AHP analysis (decision-making hierarchy analysis) was conducted for ship operators to determine consideration priorities. As a result, it was found that ship operator consider the safety of people about 6 times more important than that of the actual ship. In order to select an evacuation route, the location of coast guard ships, port of refuge, emergency anchorage, surrounding vessels, drifting and beaching factor are taken into consideration. By using these priority considerations, the decision-making processes of ship operators in emergency situations can be improved.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

Recently, the accidents on the sea have arisen due to the increase of the nautical traffic and the digitization of equipments for marine. Therefore, IMO(International Maritime Organization) have provided the recommendation of EMI and EMS for radio communication and equipments of marine from SOLAS convention at July 1st 2002. In this paper, we measured EMC environment on the Hanbada, which is Korea Maritime University training ship, for basic EMC environment of ship. The measuring point was Bridge and Engine Control Room of the ship, we measured at the test point that was set at random. Measured Band is from 30 MHz to 2 GHz, polarization measurement is processed both vertical and horizontal polarization. We analysed the results in consideration of permissible criteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.141-146
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• 2005

Recently, the accidents on the sea have arisen due to the increase of the nautical traffic and the digitization of equipments for marine. Therefore, IMO(International Maritime Organization) have provided the recommendation of EMI and EMS for radio communication and equipments of marine from SOLAS cobvention at July 1st 2002. In this paper, we measured EMC environment on the HANBADA, which is Korea Maritime University training ship, for basic EMC environment of a ship. The measuring point was Bridge and Engine Control Room of the ship, we measured the test point that was set at random. Measured Band is from 30 MHz to 2 GHz, polarization measurement is processed both vertical and horizontal polarizaion. We analysed the results in consideration of permissible criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 2014

The domestic maritime environment shows higher frequency of maritime accidents amidst greater traffic volume arising from increasing international seaborne trade and maritime leisure activities. To reduce such maritime accidents, there exist various kinds of safety navigation devices in the ship bridge aimed to mitigate burdens of navigators and support their accurate decision making. Amongst is the AIS considered very important, which is an automatic tracking system to assist understanding of the circumstances in the vicinity by receiving information of other ships and also sending its own; where the information contains errors initially, however, such wrong information is periodically transmitted, accordingly giving rise to hindrance sometimes in decision making by shore operators or ship navigators at sea. This study is to propose the error data and field management algorithm using fuzzy theory toward improving reliability and accuracy in ship related information received from AIS.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.905-910
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• 2007

As the ship is getting bigger and faster lately, ship's structure or cargoes might be often damaged and the ship might be cut in two in extreme conditions by a wave impact on its bow. In this paper, the vertical acceleration, which is one of factors for evaluating seakeeping performance, was measured under the various sea states by the hull stress monitoring system(HMS) on the bridge, and the result was compared with those of model test and theoretical studies. Then, we confirmed the seakeeping performance of T.S. HANBADA by comparing it with ITTC seakeeping criteria This result will be a great help for the safe navigation by making it possible to estimate the possibility of work and the amount of risk under the various sea conditions with which may be confronted, and the shipbuilding yard can be possible to construct the vessel with superior performance through these data measured on the actual ship.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.339-363
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• 2009

The 9.11 demonstrated that terrorist attack could be more serious problem than the war in our modern life. No countries in the world have evaded being a target for terrorists today. As well as South Korea, the whole world must share attentions and responsibilities for fighting against the terrorism. Since the international terrorist groups have expanded their targets from Western countries to Koreans, civilian hostages are no longer other's affair; it became a serious threat to public. Increased Korean investment, trade, missionary, and travel overseas also expanded activity regions worldwide. It also result increased terrorist threats and possible abduction. The number of kidnapping crisis has increased since the terrorists use it as an effective method of sending a message. Piracy refers to a broad range of violent acts at sea, and has traditionally been regarded as common enemies. Piracy constitutes a great threat to the security of navigation as well as to the safety of vessels and crews. Lessons from hostage issues such as Korean hostage crisis in Somalia and Afghanistan show that it can cause criticism on moral issues if armed rescue missions fail or hostages are killed, so the governments and related corporations try to solve it by paying ransom. Terrorists and use these advantages in order to put a huge pressure on the governments. In this study we will look at essential characteristics and types of hostage abductions and recognition of national safety, lessons and solutions to previous Korean hostage cases in overseas. At the same time, it provides a guidelines of the direction in the fighting against terrorist groups and Piracy.