• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2014

Lime-bordeaux mixture (LBM) has been used instead of pesticides in ginseng field and orchard since the 1960's in Korea. In this experiment, LBM was made with different concentrations and sprayed in the field of ginseng for eco-friendly cultivation. Growth characteristics and disease such as alternaria blight, anthracnose, and gray mold were investigated in 4-5 year old ginseng after spraying LBM. LBM caused a little damage on leaf when it was sprayed at the time of leafing stage, late April and early May. Root weights of five-year-old ginseng were 43.1~51.5 g and 41.2~46.6 g in the plot of mid-April and mid-May treatments, respectively. These growth levels were further reduced as compared with that of the chemicals treatment plot. The rate of diseases in the plot of 6-6 and 8-8 ratio were 0.0~4.8% and 0.0~4.4%, respectively, which was similar with that in the plot of chemical control for alternaria blight and anthracnose. However, LBM had little effect on controling gray mold. It showed lower control effect in the plot of 4-4 ratio than that of chemical control. This result will be expected to be a useful guide that can be used in the field to the farmers of the ginseng.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the control efficacy of major environment-friendly control agents against powdery mildew, as affected by the application condition such as disease-developing stage and microclimate, as compared with the efficacy of pesticides in plug seedling of three Cucurbitaceae vegetables, including cucumber, melon, and oriental melon. Single or combined application of major six environment-friendly control agents was used in the experiment: two biofungicide (Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013 and Bacillus subtilis Y1336), two plant extracts (neem oil and extracts of Rheum undulatum), and two mineral materials (wettable sulfur powder and lime bordeaux mixture). These control agents were treated to the plug seedlings for preventing powdery mildew and curative applications for managing powdery mildew. In all treatments, the disease incidence declined as daily average temperatures increased to $30^{\circ}C$ for consecutive 6~8 days with maximum temperature over $40^{\circ}C$. In preventative application, the control efficacy against powdery mildew was the highest in the treatment of wettable sulfur powder, and lowest in the B. subtilis Y1336, with values of 20~40%. In cucumber seedlings, the preventive single application of neem oil or wettable sulfur powder was more effective than curative application of fungicides, while the control efficacy of these agents was similar to those of fungicides in melon seedlings. The single application of R. undulatum extracts was also effective in preventing the disease for both cucumber and melon seedlings, showing a higher control efficacy than those of biofungicides during seedling stage. The treatment of water spray was not effective and showed a higher disease incidence than the untreated control plot in the oriental melon and melon seedlings. The curative application with environment friendly control agents, after powdery mildew was first detected, could not successfully controlled the disease at the middle stage (5~10% of disease incidence) of disease development. The curative combined application of [R. undulatum extracts (1st application) + wettable sulfur powder (2nd) + neem oil (3rd)] showed the highest control efficacy among the other treatments, with control value over 80% at the early stage (less than 1% of disease incidence) of disease development.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.338-342
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Two Field tests were conducted at Buan and Yangpyung in 2012 and 2013 to confirm controlling effect of mulberry popcorn disease and mulberry Sucker pests which are becoming serious in mass cultivation area of eco-friendly farming mulberry. METHODS AND RESULTS: As the treatments, 4 Natural products and 3 microbials were applied and 4 mulching materials were used. On the prevent effect of mulberry popcorn disease(Sclerotinia shiraiana) by using mulching materials, nonwoven fabric mulching showed worse effect than non-mulched treatment plot. Moreover, rice straw mulching showed significantly worse effect compare to nonwoven fabric and herb mulching treatments. Natural plant extracts and microbials showed 40~65% control value in 2013, which is little bit worse than 2012 results. On the control effect of mulberry Sucker(Amomoneura mori), organic products which combined with neem, sophora and derris showed excellent result as similar control level of Thiophanate-methyl. It means the chemical products can be replaced with organic product. CONCLUSION(S): According to the 2 years studied results, integrate eco-friendly farming measures are recommended for control of mulberry popcorn disease, because any single method is seemed not sufficient enough. However, natural plant extracts mixture is recommended as a product to control of mulberry Sucker.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.45-56
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• 2009

Current status on the occurrence and the management of the major disease, insect and mite pests were investigated in the organic or non-chemical pest control orchards from 2005 to 2009. Numbers of certified organic or non-chemical apple orchards were increased from 14 in 2005 to 78 in 2008. Severe damages on leaves and fruits occurred by the several diseases such as marssonina blotch, bitter rot, white rot, sooty blotch and flyspeck, and the several insect pests such as apple leaf-curling aphid, woolly apple aphid, oriental fruit moth and peach fruit moth on the almost certified organic or non-chemical pest control orchards. About 10 and 18 environmental-friendly materials were used to control diseases and insect or mite pests respectively. But, lime sulfur and bordeaux mixture to diseases and machine oil, plant oil mixed with egg yolk, and pheromone mating disruptions to insect pests were effective to control under the adequate conditions. At present, it is extremely difficult to produce organic apples in Korea. Growers must consider about and solve so many conditions on the cultivar, weather, local site, marketing and so on, before when they decide to change from conventional or IPM(Integrated Pest Management) to organic or non-chemical pest control orchards.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2010

During 2005~2009, current status on the occurrence and the management of the major disease, insect and mite pests were investigated in the non-chemical or organic cultured apple orchards in Korea. Numbers of certified organic or non-chemical apple orchards increased from 14 in 2005 to 78 in 2008. Severe damages on leaves and fruits were caused by the several diseases such as marssonina blotch, bitter rot, white rot, sooty blotch and flyspeck, and the several insect pests such as apple leaf-curling aphid, woolly apple aphid, oriental fruit moth and peach fruit moth on the almost certified organic or non-chemical pest control orchards. About 10 and 18 environmental-friendly materials were used to control diseases and insect or mite pests, respectively. But, lime sulfur and bordeaux mixture to diseases and machine oil, plant oil mixed with egg yolk, and pheromone mating disruptions to insect pests were effective under the adequate conditions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2012

An important factor in the production of organic ginseng is the control of $Alternaria$ blight and anthracnose, which mostly affect the leaves in the summer. We compared the effects of a lime-bordeaux mixture (LBM) and agricultural chemicals on the growth characteristics and ginsenoside content in 4-year-old ginseng plants when they were sprayed at 15-day intervals from mid-June to the end of September. The increases in leaf length, and survive-leaf ratio in plants sprayed with LBM were greater than the increases of the control plants, but less than those of agricultural chemicals treatment. The root weight per plant in the plants sprayed with LBM increased more distinctly than that in the control plants, while it was significantly lower than that in plants sprayed with agricultural chemicals. The root yield in plants sprayed with LBM increased by 21% compared to the root yield in the control plants, but decreased by 7% compared to that in plants sprayed with agricultural chemicals because of the decreases in leaf area and survive-leaf ratio. Spraying of LBM had a significant effect on the ginsenoside contents. The total ginsenoside content was highest in the control plants and lowest in the plants sprayed with agricultural chemicals and total ginsenoside contents was great relative to survive-leaf ratio and root weight.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.603-617
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• 2017

The occurrence and management of disease and pests in six organic peach orchards were surveyed from March 2015 to March 2017. In this period, the number of certified organic and non-chemical peach farms increased to 65.5% and 31.7%, respectively. Certified organic peach farms were selected based on more than $4,000m^2$ of cultivation area and three tons of production, and their cultivation status was examined. All of the farms were either cultivated green manure crop or sod, and limited vegetation control to a minimum. For the management of soil nutrients, many farmers used livestock manure, oilcake and self-manufacturing liquid fertilizer. It was surveyed that bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, pheromone for mating disruption of moths and plant extract were used for disease and pest control. The damage caused by the pests and diseases were 31.6% and 24.1%, respectively. The oriental fruit moth showed the highest damage rate (13.5%) in the organic peach orchards, followed by the brown rot (13.0%), peach fruit moth (7.3%) and bacterial shot hole (7.3%).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.445-460
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• 2017

This study was carried out for three years from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the actual condition of pest control of domestic persimmon organically cultivated farmers, to select environment - friendly pest control materials for major pests, and to conduct field test of established control system. The main cultivated cultivar of the reader farmer of organic cultivation was "Buyou" and sprayed organic agricultural material 9~17 times per year for pest control. The most harmful pests were anthracnose, bugs, persimmon fruit worm, and scales, etc. The control materials used were organic lime sulfur mixture, red clay sulfur, emulsifier, bordeaux solution, and self-made plant extracts using garlic, ginkgo nut and pine tree. The effective materials for controlling anthrax were lime sulfur mixture and red clay sulfur. Garlic oil + citronella emulsion, shrubby sophora seed extract + tea extract was effective to control Riptortus clavatus and Euproctis subflava. When installed 60 ea per 10a of mating disruption trap in a sweet orchard, the fruit setting rate was improved by 30%. The results of field test of control system to control 10 times a year in organically grown persimmons were able to harvest fruit of 70.7%. However, since any kinds of pesticides can not be sprayed during the harvest season in September and October, the damaged by bugs did not decreased, and further research is needed.