• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine a suitable type and size of Hangul fonts for printed materials in the presbyopic age. Methods: Based on the most common Hangul fonts used today, three types of fonts were used Hamchrombatang, Sinmoonmyungjo and Sinmyungjo at small font sizes in the range 9-11 point (pt). Subjects were 101 volunteers aged 41 through 85 years. Near visual acuity (VA) was corrected to read VA 0.5 at 40 cm after distance correction. The subjects were asked to read words containing 88 characters in 10 pt after a question about preference. Readability was assessed by reading rate that was calculated as the number of words read correctly in one minute (words per minute, wpm). Results: The most preferred font type was Simmyungjo at small font sizes. Although preferred font sizes were different in each font type, Sinmyungjo was generally preferred at 10 pt more than other fonts. Hamchrombatang and Sinmyungjo were read significantly faster than Sinmoonmyungjo. There was a weak negative relationship between readability and age in Sinmyungjo. In comparing between the top 10% and the bottom 10% group sorted by reading rate, the top group showed lower average age and addition than the bottom group, however there were no significant differences in reading rate among the fonts. Conclusions: Although increasing age tends to be low in readability for Sinmyungjo, in the light of preferred font and readability, it is recommended to use a 10 pt Sinmyungjo font in printed materials for the presbyopic age.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.150-155
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• 1997

VDT의 한글 화면을 탐색하는데 있어 가독성에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 연구는 한글 VDT 화면의 표준지침 선정의 기초자료로서 중요하게 활용될 수 있으나 그 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 영어와 한글의 글자체계에는 차이가 있어 외국의 연구결과 및 표준지침을 적용하는 것은 무리가 있기 때문에 한글 글 자체계에 대한 쳬계적이고 인간공학적 연구가 시급하다 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 글자크기와 서체(font)를 선정하여 사용자의 시각성능과 관련하여 최적의 수행도 및 피로도를 경감하여 주는 서체와 글자크기 수준을 실험을 통하여 제시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) VDT 화면에서 한글 고딕체가 명조체보다 사용자의 시각성능 및 수행도가 우수하다. (2) 초적의 수행도를 주는 글자크기는 명조체의 경우 35.4' .approx. 55.5', 고딕체의 경우 시각 39.8 .approx. 52.6'이다. (3) 우수한 수행도를 보이는 글자크기에서 피로도 저하율이 낮게 나타난다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.8
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• pp.2017-2024
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• 1997

The main focus of this paper is the recognition of printed Hangul documents in terms of typeface, character size and character slope for IICS(Intelligent Image Communication System). The fixed-size blocks extracted from documents are analyzed in frequency domain for the typeface classification. The vertical pixel counts and projection profile of bounding box are used for the character size classification and the character slope classification, respectively. The MLP with variable hidden nodes and error back-propagation algorithm is used as typeface classifier, and Mahalanobis distance is used to classify the character size and slope. The experimental results demonstrated the usefulness of proposed system with the mean rate of 95.19% in typeface classification. 97.34% in character size classification, and 89.09% in character slope classification.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.315-324
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• 2007

The fast development of the information technology makes Korea one of the most advanced countries in information communication in the world in a short period of time. However, the gap between the aged and the young has been seriously increased. Those who are less than 10% of the older adults are using the internet at present. It means the elderly has many difficulties in using the internet because of their physical and cognitive differences. The purpose of this study is that the aged can easily achieve and use information by developing a guidelines for the Korean typography in the web interface. A literature search was conducted on the web interface design guidelines for older adults. These guidelines were classified by interface component and the study subjects needed for the Korean internet environment were selected. The subjects are a more comfortably readable typeface according to the sizes, a proper text size of Gulim and Batang, a more comfortably readable leading size, the appropriate letter spacing, the proper line length of body, the suitable size proportion between a title and a body, and a more comfortably readable text alignment. Survey questions were made and these Questions were improved after the pretest. Both online and offline survey programs were written and the aged and the young were tested with these programs. The result of this survey shows that there are satisfaction differences between the aged and the young in the readability and legibility of the web contents. Therefore these universal guidelines to be used in the Korean typographical environment for the future aged population were specified. It is expected that this study will be used as basic data for the universal web interface where the older adults can easily use and acquire information.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.412-421
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• 2001

본 논문은 문서 영상에 존재하는 개별 단어들에 대한 속성정보 추출 방법을 제안한다. 단어 단위의 속성 인식은 단어 영상 매칭의 정확도 및 속도 개선, OCR 시스템에서 인식률 향상, 문서의 재생산 등 다양한 응용 가치를 찾을 수 있으며, 메타정보(meta-information) 추출을 통해 영상 검색(image retrieval)이나 요약(summary) 생성 등에 활용할 수 있다. 제안하는 시스템에서 고려하는 단어 영상의 속성은 언어의 종류(한글, 영문), 스타일(볼드, 이탤릭, 보통, 밑줄), 문자 크기(10, 12, 14 포인트), 문자 개수 (한글: 2, 3, 4, 5, 영문: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), 서체(명조, 고딕)의 다섯 가지 정보이다. 속성 인식을 위한 특징은, 언어 종류 인식에 2개, 스타일 인식에 3개, 문자 크기와 개수는 각각 1개, 한글 서체 인식은 1개, 영문 서체 인식은 2개를 사용한다. 분류기는 신경망, 2차형 판별함수(QDF), 선형 판별함수(LDF)를 계층적으로 구성한다. 다섯 가지 속성이 조합된 26,400개의 단어 영상을 사용한 실험을 통해, 제안된 방법이 소수의 특징만으로도 우수한 속성 인식 성능을 보임을 입증하였다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.286-292
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• 2008

Television market is rapidly changing into HDTV according to increase in the programs transmitted in HD. However, there is no guideline of Korean typography which is suitable for HD display. Here we provide a guideline on Korean font style, its size and transparency to acquire high readability on HD screen. The readability was assessed with two different criteria: reading speed as an objective index and preference ranking as a subjective index. In the results, the participants tend to prefer and read faster slim fonts on HD display when compared to the bold type commonly used on 3D display To the font size, smaller one was preferred on HDTV than that displayed on SDTV. To the transparency, users revealed strong preference on 40% transparency although it did not affect the reading speed when the contrast between text and background was fixed on 40%. But clearly, preference on 40% transparency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2133-2146
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• 1994

In this paper, we present a method for dynamic Jaso segmentation and Hangeul recognition using neural network. It uses the feature vector which is extracted from the mesh depending on the segmentation result. At first, each character is converted to 256 dimension feature vector by four direction contributivity and $8\times8$ mesh. And then, the character is classified into 6 class by neural network and is segmented into Jaso using the classification result the statistic vowel location information and the structural information. After Jaso segmentation, Hanguel recognition using neural network is performed. We experiment on four font of which three fonts are used for training the neural net and the rest is used of testing. Each font has the 2350 characters which are comprised in KS C 5601. The overall recognition rates for the training data and the testing data are 97,4% and 94&% respectively. This result shows the effectivness of proposed method.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.281-292
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• 2015

For this study, I conducted a survey investigating current situation, user preference, and field experiment. Hospitals utilizing digital sign systems at least five years were selected, which are connected with visual elements (layout, typo, color) used in waiting areas and elements of the systems (time, video time line). The results obtained from the field survey showed that digital sign systems used the color of typo and background contrasted to one another to increase explicitness and to ensure easy understanding of contents. In addition, the Gothic typo with relatively high legibility was adopted. Time and video timeline, which characterize digital sign systems, showed the advertising screens of the hospitals and the guidance of medical treatment at regular intervals. Moreover, survey results on user satisfaction showed that a majority of respondents indicated they had difficulty in understanding digital information conveyed from digital sign systems due to time setting for rotational speed or the small size of typo although most of the users had previous experience with digital sign systems. The highest proportion of respondents (n=86, 86%) answered that information related to medical departments was what they sought most frequently and that this kind of information should be importantly considered in digital sign systems. For the experiment, new samples with restructured contents of current digital sign systems were created and tested while keeping its design unchanged as well as applying these new samples. Study participants were in their 20s through 50s. When the size of typo was larger under the same conditions for all age groups, study participants found the desired information approximately 3.5 seconds faster. In addition, those in their 20-30s and 40-50s showed the time difference of 4.7 seconds for small typo and 6 seconds for large typo, which suggested that there was a difference by age in the amount of time taken in the experiment to find the desired information from the rotating digital sign system regardless of age and the size of typo.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.661-674
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• 2016

Despite a dramatic increase in the use of smartphones these days, the elderly's smartphone usage rate is relatively low. This is because there are some facts limiting the elderly's access to the smartphones: 1) aging in both physical and cognitive abilities and 2) complicated functions that are hard to see in the phones. In this study, we studied how Korean typography influence the elderly's legibility and extracted proper Korean typography factors that would best suit the elderly when they use the smartphones. As a result of the study and legibility evaluation for the 24 seniors over 65, we could witness the excellence of 13pt font size compared to 11 or 12 and the Serif typeface as being better than San Serif typeface. On the other hand, the space between the letters and lines did not make a big influence on the elderly's readability. From the preference evaluation, there were no differences found between Serif typeface and San Serif typeface. However, a bigger font size was preferred in the order of 13pt, 12pt, and 11pt. There was no difference in preference found regarding the space between the letters and the lines. We expect that proper Korean typography in smartphones could help the elderly in using the smartphones well.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.581-590
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• 1992

고품위 입출력 장치의 급속한 발달과 전자 출판 시스템의 출현은 더 다양한 서체를 요구하게 되었다. 컴퓨터에서 사용되고 있는 한글 서체는 명조, 고딕체를 제외하고는 주로 장식용 폰트를 만들어 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Cubic B-Spline 곡선을 이용하여 다양한 필기체 폰트를 구현하였고, 필기체가 가지는 특성(날림의 정도, 글자의 기울이기 정도, 각 음소의 크기, 각 글자의 크기의 균일성 등)에 따라 인자를 부여하여 개별화되고 사실적인 폰트를 생성하였다. 각 인자의 조합은 암호화되어 각 개인의 폰트로 부여된다. 즉, 개인의 고유 폰트는 폰트 암호(password)로 부여되고, 제어인자는 폰트암호의 해쉬값에 의해 선택되며, 사용자들로부터 이 제어인자들을 숨기게 되면 각 사용자들의 폰트는 유일하고, 안전하게 되므로, 일정정도의 안정성이 보장된다고 보여진다. 그리고 본 연구에서 구현된 폰트는 한글 필기체 문자인식의 정도를 측정하는 다양한 데이타를 제공하는 데에도 의미가 있다.