• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.297-307
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• 2017

There are many underground spaces available in an urban environment and they represent an important factor for efficient land use. Especially, underground shopping centers perform both physical and commercial functions at the same time and are frequently used as a means of achieving the revitalization of the city center. However, the underground shopping centers that were developed in the past sometimes led to recession due to their deterioration. This study was carried out for the purpose of proposing alternative methods for the (revitalization) of underground shopping centers. A survey was conducted on seven underground shopping centers in the Busan metropolitan area to understand the factors that determine their user satisfaction and future improvement. The survey data was analyzed using an ordered logit model. As a result of the analysis, service satisfaction, underground environment satisfaction and public facility satisfaction were selected as significant variables. It was concluded that it is necessary to take these factors into consideration, appropriately, when developing a new or renewing an existing underground shopping mall.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.563-580
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• 2010

In 2009 the Korea Ministry of Environment announced 'A Comprehensive Plan for the Improvement of Sewer Service in Rural Area' aiming at reduction of the sewer service gap between urban and rural areas as well as improvement in the residential environment of the rural area. According to the plan, the sewer system supply rate for the rural area is expected to reach up to 75% until 2015 with the budget of 4.7 trillion won (Korean currency). It is not certain, however, that the increase in the sewer system supply rate will accompany improvement of water quality in receiving water because several veiled problems that can occur in small-scale sewer treatment plants are poorly addressed in the plan. In this study, those issues for the small-scale sewer treatment plants and their solutions were discussed based on a case study in which we investigated 19 treatment facilities at two rural regions in Gyeonggi province. This study also included strategies useful for the plan. From the results of investigation, some problems, e.g., high hourly variations but low in flowrates and low mass loading were commonly identified. Although operation parameters in sewer treatment plants require to be modified depending on the mass loading, most of the plants were operated with the initial design parameters which causes the decrease of removal efficiency. In the intensive diagnosis, we arranged and applied solutions (e.g., flow equalization, air on/off time control, etc) to the two selected plants and found out improvement of effluent water quality, especially organic matters (COD and SS) and T-N with better denitrification performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1000-1008
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• 2009

It also increases the competitive power of the nation. With all these merits of electronic documents, there exist threats to the security such as illegal outflow, destroying, loss, distortion, etc. Currently, the techniques to protect the electronic documents against illegal forgery, alteration or removal are not enough. Until now, various security technologies have been developed for electronic documents. However, most of them are limited to prevention of forgery or repudiation. Cryptography for electronic documents is quite heavy that direct cryptography is not in progress. Additionally, key management for encryption/decryption has many difficulties that security has many weak points. Security has inversely proportional to efficiency. It is strongly requested to adopt various cryptography technologies into the electronic document system to offer more efficient and safer services. Therefore, this paper presents some problems in cryptography technologies currently used in the existing electronic document systems, and offer efficient methods to adopt cryptography algorithms to improve and secure the electronic document systems. To validate performance of proposed method compare with the existing cryptographies, critical elements have been compared, and it has been proved that the proposed method gives better results both in security and efficiency.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2011

In order to provide the real time and proper information to the pedestrian who is using the transport connection and transfer center through data collecting and processing process, the design of the test-bed (Gimpo airport)'s communication construction and the technology of the pedestrian location tracking has been researched. The design of the communication construction should make sure that it can provide believable data to the user of the transfer center. At the same time, the location tracking should also be considered, so that the require of the communication efficiency and the location tracking efficiency can be met together. In order to make the efficient location tracking technology, the problems related to the commercial technology based real time location identification will be resolved and the new approach method was proposed and be applied and analysed to the test-bed. The wireless access points can be located in the most real-world situation which has added the characteristics of the real building to the electronic map, and through the analysis of theirs location, they can be set as the mainly necessary points for the communication construction design and the location tracking and the method to locate that points has been proposed. How to set, how to apply it to the test-bed and the examination result will be introduced in this paper.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2012

Microfinance has been an important tool for the economic growth and poverty alleviation. But the success factors and risk factors have not been synthesized in academic literature. This article has paid attention to success factors and potential risk of the Grameen Bank. Grameen Bank methodology is almost the reverse of the conventional banking methodology. Conventional banking is based on the principle that the more you have, the more you can get. Founder of Grameen Bank, Professor Yunus pointed out that, "The least you have the highest you have the priority to receive a loan". On the basis of theoretical literature, there have been different kinds of success factors of microfinance observed in this paper. Key success factors of Grameen Bank are like these: innovation, strict administrative structure, adaptation and learning practice, incentive system. Complementary services such as business consulting and brokerage will contribute to borrowers' economic performance development.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.753-760
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• 2010

The purpose of this study to prepare for an aging society and older people happy is important to build recreational facilities gwajera recognize and physically old man of leisure facilities as a basis for the destroyers of the current seniors in public institutions that provide recreational facilities for About under utilized factors was investigated. The specific research methods and information, first, at home the most successful public senior leisure facilities as a model for selected Daegu Senior seutawo visit the simple survey and observation through the pros and cons about the elements that organize and KJ Technique and graft technique (Graph Theory) by applying the elements of physical space limitations on the mutual relationship between the priorities and establish guidelines for the priority was extracted. In addition, field-aged feel the satisfaction of their leisure facilities to evaluate the visits to the Busan, Sasang elderly and local leisure facilities for the elderly surveyed had taken Priority Method is based on comparison of results and final was to organize things to improve. Through this study, first, goods and equipment to the leisure space of the elderly efforts to effectively deploy the expertise to deal with and it actually showed that it is also important. Second, using physical devices and programs for the elderly aged recreational facilities are important, but physical and mental characteristics to consider voluntary participation for the type of space could see that it is important.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Wetland function assessment is not only a basic step to understand wetland ecosystems in detail but also an important process as a base of the term, ecosystem service to recognize wetland ecosystems as valuable and useful resources and goods for human being. WET (wetland evaluation technique), EMAP (environmental monitoring assessment program)-wetlands, and HGM (hydrogeomorphic method) were developed as pioneer wetland function assessments in U.S. at the end of $20^{th}$-century. RAMs (rapid assessment methods) became a major function assessment tool which is relatively simpler and easier assessment tool at the beginning of $21^{th}$-century. After that, the hierarchy of three levels of assessment (landscape assessment, rapid assessment, and intensive assesment) has been prepared and strategically utilized according to the objectives and purposes of function assessments. In South Korea, RAM and HGM were used to assess wetland functions with reforming a couple of items and contents at 2001. And, modified and reformed function assessments have been developed to complement and improve upon the existing RAMs and HGMs. Via the trend analysis on wetland function assessments, some needs which require supplements in terms of function assessment are pointed out: 1) wetland function assessments using useful indicators such as birds are needed with considering our environmental characteristics. 2) optimized wetland function assessments for coastal wetlands are also needed. 3) the network construction and further expansion to lead communications and co-operations between researchers and policy makers is needed in the field of wetland function assessment.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.317-336
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• 2008

Thus in order to have a better understanding about the KSA(Korean Security association) and to express opinions on its role and security, this paper introduces and discusses about All Japan Security Service Association(AJSSA), which is the prototype of the KSA. There are several positive aspects to consider the introduction of, when these two associations are compared: the traffic security, a supporting member, ex-high-ranking police executive directors practically run AJSSA. These are to enhance financial ability and to promote better relationship with police. KSA needs to improve such relationship and to diversify activities as well. In addition, not just dismissing their duty by giving them the license, AJSSA provides several educations to revitalize the related people so that they can deal in effective and productive services. In another words, JSA perceives it is indispensable to educate the relevant people in the business. In contrast, it is reality that KSA has not put much emphasis on educations. Concisely, the most prompt issue is it should be more beneficial to its members by strengthening itself. Not simply following the example of foreign cases, but putting diverse efforts, KSA can make it substantial and stabilize future private security market in a long term.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

Closed-circuit television(CCTV) is a facility that forms the backbone of the ubiquitous services provided by the Integrated Management Center of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Integrated Control Center of the Ministry of the Interior. However, it is installed and managed according to different laws, as it is operated and managed by each department. Moreover, because there are no regulatory grounds for unified management of CCTV, each municipality responsible for the actual management manages it based on the individual standards of each department. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a standardized management form to establish an integrated management plan. The author inspected the existing situation by examining the legal system and public data and through hands-on worker interviews, and discovered the managed element by reviewing the specifications of the bidding system. The management form for integrated management comprises the above requirements along with the management histories and linkage of intelligent facilities. A uniform management form for integrated management containing specifications of the CCTVs installed by various departments is created, and is easily searched for facilities to check requirements for joint use. The result of this study can contribute to building the database of facility management system for integrated management of facilities at the integrated management center as well as for a detailed simulation of the selection of location of CCTV depending on the CCTV's specifications.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.134-142
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• 2003

We present an ATM switch architectures based on the multistage interconnection network(MIN) for the efficient multicast traffic control. Many of these applications require multicast connections as well as point-to-point connections. Muiticast connection in which the same message is delivered from a source to arbitrary number of destinations is fundamental in the areas such as teleconferencing, VOD(video on demand), distributed data processing, etc. In designing the multicast ATM switches to support those services, we should consider the fairness(impartiality) and priority control, in addition to the overflow problem, cell processing with large number of copies, and the blocking problem. In particular, the fairness problem which is to distribute the incoming cells to input ports smoothly is occurred when a cell with the large copy number enters upper input port. In this case, the upper input port sends before the lower input port because of the calculating method of running sum, and therefore cell arrived into lower input port Is delayed to next cycle to be sent and transmission delay time becomes longer. In this paper, we propose the cell splitting and group splitting algorithm, and also the fairness scheme on the basis of the nonblocking characteristics for issuing appropriate copy number depending on the number of Input cell in demand. We evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes in terms of the throughput, cell loss rate and cell delay.