• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.433-437
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• 2007

최근 환경부에서는 낙동강 유역의 오염총량관리제도의 시행에 따라 이제까지의 배출구 수질기준으로부터 총량수질기준을 통한 수질관리를 실시하고 있다. 오염총량관리를 실행하기 위해서는 주요지천 및 폐수처리장에서의 수질개선 및 비점오염원 관리가 선행되어야 하는데 이를 효율적으로 제어하기 위해서 낙동강 유역에 적합한 최적 수질해석 모델의 개발이 요구되는 상황이다. 수질모델의 가장 큰 목적은 유역으로부터 발생한 오염물이 하천으로 유입되었을 때 하천 수질 및 생태계의 수학적 표현을 통해 장래의 수질을 예측하고, 예측된 결과에 따라 합리적인 수질관리대책을 수립하는 것이다. 낙동강은 대표적인 수지상 하천망의 형태로서 댐 방류량 및 지류유입량은 본류 수계에 직접적인 영향을 미치며, 수질해석의 기본이 되는 수리계산에 매우 중요한 변수가 된다. 또한 대구, 구미, 왜관, 김천 등에서의 오염부하가 금호강, 남강 등의 주요 지류를 통하여 본류부로 유입되고 있으며, 하류부 칠서, 원동, 매리, 물금 등에서는 대량의 하천수를 취수하여 부산, 울산, 마산, 창원 지역 등의 생활 및 공업용수의 원수로 사용하고 있다. 다시 말해서 댐 방류량, 낙동강 하구언의 수위조절, 지류 유입량, 비점원 유입량 등 계산영역 경계에서의 비정상상태의 수리조건과 수질관리 계획에 의해 일률적으로 오염이 부하되는 정상상태의 수질조건이 공존하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 유역에 적합한 동적 수질모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 수치모형은 갈수저수조건 및 불규칙한 하도단면을 반영하고, 동적 상태의 댐 방류량, 낙동강 하구언의 수위조절 영향, 지류 유입량 등 다양한 하천조건에서 발생하는 동적 흐름을 안정적으로 해석하여 낙동강 수질해석의 신뢰도를 향상시킴으로서 낙동강에 유입된 오염물질이 수계에 미치는 영향을 정확히 분석하고자 하였다. 동적수질해석에 의한 모의결과는 유량의 경우 상류부분은 모의치와 실측치가 잘 일치하지만, 중류 이후 지류의 유입이 많아지면서 지류의 변화를 정확히 입력하지 못해 모의치와 실측치의 차이가 발생한다. BOD의 경우는 수질이 양호한 상류지역은 모의치와 실측치가 잘 일치하지만, 오염원의 유입이 많은 중류지역부터는 실측치와 차이를 나타내다가 하류지역에서 다시 비교적 일치함을 알 수 있다. TN의 경우는 전반적으로 실측치보다 높게 모의되었고, TP는 전반적으로 실측치와 비교하여 잘 모의되었다. 본 연구에서 구축한 동적 수리해석모형 및 동적 수질해석모형은 낙동강 유역에 대해 유량 및 수질 등의 실제 하천의 경향에 비교적 잘 반영하므로 오염물총량규제에 따른 합리적인 하천 수질관리대책을 수립하는데 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

The problem of evacuating pedestrians from a room or channel under panic conditions is of obvious importance in daily life. In recent years, several computer models have been developed to simulate pedestrian dynamics. Understanding evacuation dynamics can allow for the design of more comfortable and safe pedestrian facilities. However, these models do not take into account the type and state of mind of pedestrians. They deal with pedestrians as particles and the state of mind as a social force, which is represented by conservative and long-range interactions between individuals. In this study, I used the lattice model proposed in my previous study to explore the evacuation behavior of pedestrians with morality. In this model, three types of pedestrians are considered: adults, children, and injured people. Collisions between adults and children result in injured people. When the number of injured people continuously in contact with each other reaches a given value k, the injured people are removed from the lattice space. This situation is the same as that in which pedestrians start stepping over injured people. This behavior was interpreted as the morality of pedestrians. Simulations showed that the evacuation showed down and eventually became jammed owing to the injured people acting as "obstacles" in relation to the morality k.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to look into the location environment of prehistoric and ancient remains (hereinafter referred as remains) in Daejeon Area. For the purpose of this, out of remains reported in investigation areas so far with the object of remains (total 22 places) of New Stone Age -Proto Three Kingdom period, geographical and Geomorphological analysis was conducted. The results are like the following. Most of the remains are distributed over hills especially flat surface - semi-gentle slope of hills. The bed rocks of the remains (21 places, about 95%) are composed of double-mica granite. The remains (19 places, 86%) retain 'the 1st-2nd small scale river and '5th or higher medium scale river'within comparatively short distance at the same time. The average altitude of remains is 71m and most remains are located over the altitude of 50 - 90m. The average gradient of hillslop where the remains are located is $6.7^{\circ}$ and the remains (15 places, 71%) are located over the gradient of about $0-15^{\circ}$. And the tendency that the higher the gradient of remains the smaller the number of remains was confirmed. From the above, it is judged that the inhabitants who lived in Daejeon Area at that time preferred hills with comparatively not high altitude and the earth's surface of low gradient and in addition they recognized water (river) as being important when they selected the location of settlement (or dwelling sites group).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1158-1174
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• 2011

In this study, we examined the compositions, basic principles, and the area of the National Higher Education Entrance Examination (GaoKao) in 2009, we also analyzed the categories and characteristics of items. Also, the GaoKao was analyzed in terms of test specifications, the number of items, item patterns, difficulty levels, and implications of the College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT) were explored. Results show Natural Science section of the National Test 1, 2 are 300 points per 150 min, and Natural Science, and Chemistry of Shanghai is 150 points each per 120 min. Also, the GaoKao contained multiple choice and fill in the blanks questions, and the description items are composed of experiments of various types. The GaoKao Natural Science section is composed of physics, chemistry, biology but not earth science, which is different from the CSAT. GaoKao requires basic understanding or the observation ability to reasoning, the complex thinking ability, especially emphasized on the experiment ability. The range of possible questions is in the examination outline, not the curriculum, and the ratio of questions from the University level is high. In the analysis of the behavioral domain, the ratios of the understanding and application items is higher than the CSAT, and inquiry items is lower, but the inquiry items are deeper. In case of the ratio of the expected correct answer, National Test 1 and National Test 2 is similar, but the difficult items or about 20~39% of the test is 4~5 times to that of the CSAT, making the GaoKao very difficult. The peculiar characteristics of GaoKao is the emphasis on the experiment, and even though the practical items is of lower ratio, they are very useful in life.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate practical problem-based Home Economics lesson plans applying to the multiple intelligence teaching learning strategy, focused on the unit 'Nutrition & Meals' of middle school Home Economics subject matter. To achieve this purpose, the lesson plans were developed and evaluated from the 72 middle school students in Chongju after implementing the instruction. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 and content analysis. The results were as follows: First, the objectives of practical problem-based 'Nutrition & Meals' Instruction using multiple intelligence teaching strategy were to understand the importance of nutrition and health in an adolescent period and to develop good eating habits. The Practical Problem was 'What should I do for good eating habits?' and the learning contents were healthy life, the kinds and functions of nutriments, food pyramid and a food guide. The learning activities were progressed by various types of teaching and learning methods including 8 types of multiple intelligence teaching strategy. The lesson plans were developed according to the process of practical problem solving model. 6 periods of lesson plans and worksheets were developed. Second, the practical problem-based instruction using multiple intelligence teaching-learning strategy were evaluated to increase students' positive learning attitudes, motivation, and good eating habits.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.81-96
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• 2020

This study aims to identify implications for the role of home economics in consumer education in middle schools focusing on building consumer competency. To this end, the content in middle school textbooks of home economics and other subjects, written according to the 2015 revised curriculum, were analyzed. This study examined consumer education content based on the consumer competency measurement index developed by the Korean Consumer Agency, and reviewed different foci presented by subjects. This study also investigated how the knowledge, attitude and practice, which are components of consumer competency, are presented. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, consumer competency content, presented in textbooks of home economics and other subjects, were comprised of citizenship competency(65.3%), transactional competency(27%), and financial competency(7.7%). Second, in terms of content on the consumer's citizenship competency, little attention was paid to consumer rights, revealing an imbalance between responsibilities and rights. Third, despite its importance, the "utilization of information and communications technology" in transaction competency, and "consumer participation" in citizenship competency are insufficiently covered in the home economics. Fourth, social studies was the subject that most extensively covered the content of consumer competency. In terms of scope, home economics dealt with most of the sub-fields. Fifth, even when the same content of consumer competency was covered, it was presented differently by subject. Sixth, there was a lack of connection between components of consumer competency-knowledge, attitude, and practice, with a disproportionately high emphasis on knowledge. In conclusion, this study concluded that consumer education content of middle school subjects is insufficient to enhance consumer competency.

• Food Industry
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• s.180
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• pp.27-64
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• 2004

국내 제조업 전체에서 식음료품은 $6.31\%$를 차지하고 있다. 2000년을 기준으로 식품산업의 총매출실적을 보면 32조 3,463억원을 기록하고 있는데, 이 중 식료품은 26조 921억원, 알콜올음료를 포함한 음료품은 6조 2,516억원을 차지하고 있다. 2001년, 음료시장의 규모는 약 2조 7,900억원 정도였다. 빠르게 성장하던 전체 음료시장의 매출은 IMF 이후 약간 주춤하는 경향을 보였지만 지속적으로 매출액이 상승하여 2002년에는 3조 4천억원의 매출을 기록하였다. 이것은 사이다, 후레바, 정통주스, 냉장주스, 스포츠 음료, 두유 및 기능성음료 등이 성장을 주도하였다. 2003년 상반기, 1조 6,500억원으로 전년 동기대비 $3\%$ 감소하였지만 2003년 전체 실적은 대략 지난해와 비슷한 3조 5,000억원 규모로 전망된다. 내수량의 경우 탄산음료와 과즙음료가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈지만, 전체적으로는 증가하였다. 다류시장의 규모는 약 650억원, 캔커피시장의 규모는 2,400억원 정도로 나타났다. 이처럼 음료$\cdot$다류 시장은 전체적으로 약 4조원의 거대시장규모를 형성하고 있으며 내수가 지속적으로 증가되고 있어, 점차 시장규모도 증가할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 최근에는 기능성 음료 및 다류의 시장규모가 전체의 $20\%$에 달할 정도로 신장하였으며, 기능성음료 및 다류의 특허출원도 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이는 비단 국내에서 뿐만 아니라 세계적인 현상이며 이러한 추세는 앞으로 지속될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이처럼 기능성음료 및 다류의 성장이 두드러지고 있는 것은 시대가 변하면서 현대인들의 생활방식과 식생활 변화, 질병형태 다양화 등 여러 사회적 여건이 변화되고 있는데 기인하며, 현대인의 건강에 대한 관심의 증대는 음료시장의 쾌속성장과 틈새수요를 지속적으로 창출하고 있다. 현재 세계 건강기능성 식품의 시장 규모는 약 160조원이며, 국내의 경우 약 1조원에 이르는 실정이다. 이 중 기능성음료 시장은 국내에서 약 4천억원 규모로 기능성식품 시장의 $40\%$를 차지하고 있다. 이처럼 기능성음료 시장은 최근 연간 $7\%$ 정도의 빠른 성장률을 보이고 있으며 향후에도 $6.7\%$의 실질 연간 성장률을 지속할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 전해질(이온)음료나 식이섬유를 포함하는 다이어트음료에서 출발한 기능성음료는 숙취해소, 성인병 예방, 스트레스 해소에 이르기까지 각종 질병의 치료 및 예방으로 확대되고 있다. 앞으로는 BT 및 나노 기술 등을 이용한 신기능 소재들에 대한 다각적인 효능의 규명에 따른 음료$\cdot$다류 소재의 개발과 더불어 체질개선, 다이어트, 숙취해소 등의 특정한 기능성과 관련한 음료$\cdot$다류의 특허출원이 계속될 것으로 전망된다. 복잡한 한약의 제조과정을 단순화하여 티백이나 캔 형태로 만든 맛과 기능이 조화된 음료$\cdot$다류 분야의 연구개발이 지속될 것으로 보이며, 시장 규모의 확대와 더불어 기능성과 간편성을 동시에 추구하는 신세대 소비자들의 성향을 겨냥하여 기존의 음료$\cdot$다류 전문 업체 외에도 제약회사 등의 비음료 업체도 다양한 형태의 음료$\cdot$다류 기술개발을 지속할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 특히 새로운 신기능성 소재를 개발하는 것은 고부가가치 기술로써 BT, NT 등의 최첨단 기술의 발전과 도입으로 인해 그동안 수입에 의존하던 기능성 소재들도 국내 기업들의 축전된 기반기술을 통하여 대거 참입할 것으로 보인다. 하지만, 여러 업체의 음료$\cdot$다류시장 진출에 따라 야기될 수 있는 비위생이고 효능이 불확실한 식품의 유통, 업체간의 과열경쟁에 따른 유통질서 문란 등은 모처럼 활기를 되찾은 음료$\cdot$다류 분야의 기술개발을 위축시킬 수도 있으므로 정부차원에서 체계적이고 효율적인 관리가 조속히 이루어져야 할 것이며 이를 제도적으로 뒷받침하기 위한 정책이 수립되고 시행되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 특히, 원료적인 측면에서의 무역 불균형은 반드시 해소되어야 할 부분이다. 대부분이 수입 기능성 원료에 의존하고 있는 현실에서 국내의 BT 기술 확충에 더욱 많은 투자와 노력이 집중되어야 할 것이다. 세계적으로 경쟁이 될 수 있는 기능성 소재의 개발과 이를 통한 신기능 음료의 개발은 단순한 수학적 계산을 넘어서 국가의 기술력을 홍보할수 있는 좋은 계기가 되기 때문이다. 바야흐로 음료$\cdot$다류 분야에 대한 열기가 식품시장을 주도하면서, 시장이 안정적으로 확대되기 위해서는 지속적인 기술개발이 이루어져야 한다는 것은 재론의 여지가 없다고 하겠다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.6
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• pp.885-896
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• 2003

The typws of service using location Information are being various and extending their domain as wireless internet tochnology is developing and its application par is widespread, so it is prospected that LBS(Location-Based Services) will be killer application in wireless internet services. This location information is basic and high value-added information, and this information services make prior GIS(Geographic Information System) to be useful to anybody. The acquisition of this location information from moving object is very important part in LBS. Also the interfacing of acquisition of moving object between MODB and telecommunication network is being very important function in LBS. After this, when LBS are familiar to everybody, we can predict that LBS system load is so heavy for the acquisition of so many subscribers and vehicles. That is to say, LBS platform performance is fallen off because of overhead increment of acquiring moving object between MODB and wireless telecommunication network. So, to make stable of LBS platform, in this MODB system, acquisition of moving object location par as reducing the number of acquisition of unneccessary moving object location. We study problems in acquiring a huge number of moving objects location and design some acquisition model using past moving patternof each object to reduce telecommunication overhead. And after implementation these models, we estimate performance of each model.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.740-753
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop and apply an out-of-school STEAM program model based on Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) for underprivileged students in the lower grades. To this end, a STEAM program based on SEL was developed, with the following characteristics. First, by integrating traditional STEAM learning elements and SEL elements, a structured program was designed with consistent stages, including mindfulness meditation→present an authentic situation→creative design→emotional experiences→reflection. Second, the program was structured so that elementary school students could develop mathematical thinking and scientific inquiry skills in problem-solving situations in daily life. Third, the detailed themes for each STEAM program involved storytelling-based problem situations, as well as activities centered on play and sympathy to reflect the educational needs of underprivileged students. From these characteristics, a total of five programs were developed and applied to 16 teachers and 354 lower-grade elementary school students in 16 community children centers nationwide. The results were as follows. First, while students' satisfaction with the STEAM program was 4.16, there were no significant differences in STEAM satisfaction according to gender. Second, while all students' interest and self-efficacy, which was one of sub factors of STEAM attitude, were significantly improved, no significant difference was seen in STEAM attitudes according to gender. Third, although students' SEL competencies were not significantly improved, relationship skills, which were among the sub factors of SEL competencies, were significantly improved, and there were no significant differences in SEL competencies according to gender. From these results, a discussion on the effect of the out-of-school STEAM program for underprivileged students and directions for follow-up studies was suggested.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.658-672
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• 2022

The unique teaching and learning difficulties of speed-related units in elementary school science are mainly due to the student's lack of mathematical thinking ability and procedural knowledge on speed measurement, and curriculums and textbooks must be constructed with these in mind. To identify the implications of composing a new science curriculum and relevant textbooks, this study reviewed the structure and contents of the speed-related units of three curriculums from the 2007 revised curriculum to the 2015 revised curriculum and the resulting textbooks and examined their relevance in light of the literature. Results showed that the current content carries the risk of making students calculate only the speed of an object through a mechanical algorithm by memorization rather than grasp the multifaceted relation between traveled distance, duration time, and speed. Findings also highlighted the need to reorganize the curriculum and textbooks to offer students the opportunity to learn the meaning of speed step-by-step by visualizing materials such as double number lines and dealing with simple numbers that are easy to calculate and understand intuitively. In addition, this paper discussed the urgency of improving inquiry performance such as process skills by observing and measuring an actual object's movement, displaying it as a graph, and interpreting it rather than conducting data interpretation through investigation. Lastly, although the current curriculum and textbooks emphasize the connection with daily life in their application aspects, they also deal with dynamics-related content somewhat differently from kinematics, which is the main learning content of the unit. Hence, it is necessary to reorganize the contents focusing on cases related to speed so that students can grasp the concept of speed and use it in their everyday lives. With regard to the new curriculum and textbooks, this study proposes that students be provided the opportunity to systematically and deeply study core topics rather than exclude content that is difficult to learn and challenging to teach so that students realize the value of science and enjoy learning it.