• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

This study was carried out to understand the effect of sowing date on growth characteristics, flower duration of a total of 6 domestic rapeseed cultivars, "Sunmang", "Tammiyuchae", "Tamlayuchae", "Naehanyuchae", "Yongsanyuchae" and "Hallayuchae" with different sowing dates (25 Sept., 5 Oct., 15 Oct., 25 Oct., 5 Nov.) in Muan, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea. The results obtained were summarized as the follows: The number of seedling stand after overwintering was decreased in all 6 cultivars. It changed little until 5 Oct., and then showed continuously largely decrease as the sowing date being delayed. As the sowing date was being delayed, plant height was decreased while Silique length and thousand seed weight were increased. Seed yield in all 6 cultivars decreased almost linearly with late sowing date. In correlation analysis between the delaying sowing date and growth characteristics, it was inversely correlated with plant height ($r=-0.769^{**}$), No. of branches/plant ($r=-0.760^{**}$), No. of siliqua/panicle ($r=-0.631^{**}$) and seed yield ($r=-0.946^{**}$), while showed a positive correlation with silique length (r=0.635), seed diameter ($r=0.629^{**}$) and thousand grain weight ($r=0.422^*$). No. of seeds/silique and seed set percentage were not significantly correlated with the delaying sowing date. The flower duration was long in order of Sunmang, Tammiyuchae, Yongsanyuchae, Naehanyuchae, Hallayuchae and Tamlayuchae. Varietal variation of flowering date was larger with early sowing date than with delaying sowing date. The range of flower duration across all cultivars was from 1 day of Tamlayuchae to 14 days of Sunmang according to the sowing date, and the end flowering date was able to be extended from 2 to 9 days, compared to normal date of end flowering.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.90-100
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• 2003

본 연구는 기존 건축물 옥상녹화에 이용 가능한 저토심 옥상녹화 시스템 을 연구하고 개발하고자 수행되었다. 연구목적을 달성하기위해서 시스템의 개념적 모델이 선행 연구로부터 유추되었고 개념적 모델로부터 실험을 위한 시스템들이 제안되었다. 건축물 옥상 위에 설치된 이 시스템들에서 기린초의 생육에 대하여 인공배지 종류, 토심, 그리고 배수 형태의 효과들이 2002년 4월 3일부터 10월 18일까지 연구되었다. 인공배지 종류는 단용과 혼용이고, 토심은 5cm, l0cm,그리고 15cm이며, 배수 형태는 저수$.$배수형과 배수형으로 하였다. 여기서, 인공배지 단용은 폐유리 미분 100에 발포제를 1∼2정도 첨가하고, 착색제를 1정도 첨가한 후, 6∼8$^{\circ}C$/min로 승온하여 750∼85$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 발포시킨 다공질 유리를 수냉식으로 급랭하고, 분쇄기로 이송하여 l0mm이하로 분쇄하고 입도를 조절하여 얻어진 다공질 유리 파쇄물과 수피를 부피 비 6:4로 혼합하여 조성된 것이며 인공배지 혼용은 인공배 지 단용에 양토(모래 46%, 미사 40%, 점토 14%)를 부피비 5:5로 혼합하여 조성된 것이다. 피복면적, 지상부와 지하부의 생체중과 건물중, 그리고 시각적 질을 조사하였다. 각 변수들은 던칸의 다중범위 검정으로 통계처리 하였으며 처리들간의 유의수준은 5%였다. 그리고 기존 건축물 옥상에 대한 과부하의 위험을 피하기 위해서 각 시스템의 중량이 평가되었다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 실험기간 중에 피복면적에 대한 배수 형태의 효과는 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 인공배지 혼용의 피복면적은 인공배지 단용의 것보다 통계적으로 유의성 있게 높았다. 토심 5cm처리의 피복면적은 나머지 처리들의 피복면적보다 통계적으로 유의성 있게 낮았다. 토심 l0cm처리와 토심 15cm처리는 통계적으로 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 지상부와 뿌리의 생체중 및 건물중과 시각적 질에 대한 처리들의 효과는 피복면적에 대한 것과 유사하거나 동일하였다. 결과적으로, 기린초의 생육은 인공배지 단용보다 인공배지 혼용에서 더 높았고, 토심 10∼15cm에서 더 높았으며, 배수 형태에서는 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이 결과를 토대로, 기존 건축물 옥상에 적용 가능한 시스템의 허용하중과 기린초의 생육을 동시에 고려해볼 때, 저토심 옥상녹화 시스템 은 인공배지 종류에서는 혼용이, 토심은 10cm, 그리고 배수형태는 배수형이 적합하다고 보았다. 제안된 조건으로 조성된 시스템은 인공배지가 포장용수량상태일 때 그 중량이 약 115kg/$m^2$정도로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2019

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson는 영명으로 Elephant yam 또는 Whitespot giant arum 으로 불리는 천남성과(Araceae) 식물로 동아시아, 뉴기니, 오세아니아, 마다가스카르 등지에서 자생하고 있으며 숲의 가장자리 또는 2차림에서 발견 된다. 다년생 식물로 덩이줄기는 어두운 갈색의 둥근모양으로 직경 20~25 cm로 자라고 수염뿌리가 사방으로 달린다. IUCN 적색목록(Red List)에 관심대상 종(LC: Least Concern)에 속하는 식물이다. 현지인들은 마(Dioscorea Polystachya Turcz.)처럼 채소로 먹기도 하며 약용으로 쓰이기도 하는데 복부장애, 소화불량, 천식, 기관지염, 빈혈 등에 약효가 있다. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius은 $25^{\circ}C{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, 연강수량 1,000~1,500 mm에서 잘 자란다. 가운데 눈이 올라오면서 생장을 시작하고 며칠이 지나서야 잎 또는 꽃으로 자라는지 알 수 있다. 잎의 생육주기는 잎눈이 생장을 시작하면 잎자루 끝에 소엽과 소잎자루가 접힌 채로 올라온다. 소엽들이 펴지면서 완전한 모습을 갖추는데 30일 이상의 생장기간을 갖는다. 잎의 형태는 우상복엽(pinnate compound leaf)으로 우산처럼 보이는 잎 하나로 광합성을 한다. 잎은 최대 높이 2.5~3 m, 너비 3 m까지 자라며, 잎자루의 색은 녹색과 청색으로 얼룩덜룩한 무늬가 있다. 인공환경 조건에서 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 생활사 중 잎의 주기를 연구하기 위해서 광, 온도 등의 지상부 환경은 열대 및 아열대 식물의 자생지와 유사하게 조성하였고, 지하부 환경은 인공 배합토를 사용하여 조성하였다. 평균온도는 $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$, 겨울철 최저 $16^{\circ}C$, 여름철 최고 $33^{\circ}C$를 유지 관리 하였다. 자동 환경제어시스템으로 온도 및 환기를 유지 관리하고 필요에 따라 수동제어 관리를 병행하여 조절하였다. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius는 잎을 먼저 생성하고 광합성으로 생산된 영양물질을 덩이뿌리에 저장을 하고 그 영양물질을 이용하여 꽃을 피우는 생육 특성을 지닌다. 실험에 사용된 공시 식물은 2018년 12월 미얀마에서 생체(덩이줄기) 형태로 도입되었다. 화분에 식재 후 약 5개월이 지난 시점에서 잎의 생장이 시작되었다. 2019년 7월 29일 기준으로 높이 80 cm, 너비 60 cm의 크기로 성장하였으며, 생육환경에 따라 3~5개월 뒤 잎이 지고 나면 다시 덩이줄기로 되돌아갈 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 지금까지 이 식물에 알려진 정보는 인공환경에서의 연구가 아닌 자연환경에서의 연구결과이기 때문에 인공적인 온실 환경에서 자란 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius는 잎의 주기는 더 오래 갈 수도 있으며 꽃의 주기 또한 느리거나 빠를 수 있다. 잎의 생장주기(Leaf Cycle)시 잎자루가 낮과 밤의 방향을 달리 하여 자라는 것이 관찰되었다. 이는 광합성을 위해서 잎자루의 방향을 햇빛 방향으로 돌리는 것으로 판단된다. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius를 실내 조경 식물 또는 식 약용의 소재식물로 활용하기 위해서는 꽃의 생장주기 등 추가적인 모니터링과 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.37
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• pp.157-166
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• 2017

To select fruit trees for urban garden with Elaeagnus umbellata var. coreana, Malus domestica 'Alps Otome', Prunus mume, Ribes nigrum, Rubus fructicosus, and Vaccinium corymbosum 'Reka', growth characteristics of these 6 species were compared and effect of trickle irrigation and shading on the growth of these fruit trees were investigated that these treatments were carried out how much these trees are endurable exposed to improper conditions. After passing the winter, E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', P. mume, and V. corymbosum 'Reka' showed the highest survival rate, in contrast to R. nigrum with the lowest of 56.0%. In 9 months after planting, the hight growth rate of 62.3% was shown in P. mume but that of E. umbellata var. coreana was stagnant during experimental period. Flowering rate over 80.0% were shown in E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', R. fructicosus, and V. corymbosum 'Reka'. On the other hand, R. nigrum has not ever flowering branches. Other species except E. umbellata var. coreana and R. nigrum have about 10 days in flowering duration. After flowering, fruition rate has shown significant difference among 6 species. As a result of both treatment of trickle irrigation and shading, leaf area and leaf weight of E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome' significantly inceased with treatments that have not affected other species. Based on these result, it is possible to deploy suitable fruit trees to specific garden condition after selecting various fruit trees.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2004

Red peppers(Capsicum annuum L.), 'Geumtap' and 'Bugang', were cultivated at main producing areas in Korea, and harvested 4 times in 1998 and 1999. The relationships between internal qualities such as reducing sugar, capsaicinoids, and vitamin C contents, and regional climatic elements such as total accumulated air temperature, total amount of precipitation and sunshine duration during the fruit growing periods were compared. The amount of reducing sugar increased as the harvest time was late. Capsaicinoids content varied by harvest dates and cultivated years. Vitamin C content was influenced by cultivated year more than cultivars. Reducing sugar content showed a negative relationship with total amount of precipitation but showed a positive relationship with sunshine duration. There were negative relationship between the contents of capsaicinoids and vitamin C and total amount of precipitation.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2010

Field experiments were carried out to establish economic threshold for com borer (Ostrinia furnacalis (Guen$\'{e}$e)) on waxy com plants by examining the number of adult insects caught in pheromone traps and the injury levels of waxy com which were artificially controlled. Adult com borers were lured into the pheromone traps during the whole growth period in five areas in Gangwon province including Chuncheon. The number of com borers trapped was the greatest in Chuncheon followed by Cheolwon and Hongcheon, and the same trend was observed for injury level of waxy com. Based on marketable yield data of waxy com plants related to the artificially-controlled injury levels at tassel stage, spray threshold was determined as the injury level of 11~15%, where the injury of com plants exceeded the economically admitting level.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate effects of different night temperature treatments during nursery period on flower bud differentiation and growth of pepper cv. Cheongyang. Number of leaves, top fresh weight and top dry weight of pepper seedlings were increased with increasing the night temperature during nursery periods. And also flower bud differentiation and days to flowering were accelerated as increasing the night temperature. Plant height, stem diameter, branch length and intermode length of pepper after transplanting were height at the low night temperature ($28/11^{\circ}C$), but they were retarded at the high night temperature ($28/21^{\circ}C$) treatment. Number of lateral branches was significantly reduced at the high night temperature, but there was no a regular tendency in branching habit of the main stem by temperature treatments. Seedling growth before transplanting was retarded at the low night temperature but gradually recovered after transplanting into the plastic house. However, seedling growth at the high night temperature was shown in contrast to above response of the low night temperature.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

To investigate the effect of red light (R) and far-red light(FR) on controlling the growth of tomato transplants, height, length of 1st internode, and stem diameter of plant were measured every 12 days during 24 days of light treatment. At the end of experiment, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots were measured. Generally, it was shown that the height of plant was suppressed by the treatment of FR. However, the effect of light-treatment time (10 or 20 min) on plant height was not significant. Stem diameter of the plant treated with R was greater than that of the plant treated with FR or the control. Dry weight ratio of shoot to root of the plant treated with R was smaller that of the plant treated with FR. R was more effective than the control, which was more effective than FR, in making the transplant compact.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the growth of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays influenced by seedling age, nutrient management before transplanting, and night temperature after transplanting. Grafted cucumber seedlings in paper pot trays were supplied with different nutrient solution concentrations of 0.5 x full strength (S) (EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$), 1.0S(EC $1.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$), 2.0S(EC $3.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$) two times a week until transplanting. 26, 33, 40, and 47 day-old cucumber grafted seedlings were transplanted and grown at three levels of night temperature (10, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$) during ten days. Increasing nutrient solution concentration enhanced the shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and relative growth rate of seedlings. With increasing seedling age, the differences in growth were greater among nutrient treatments. The dry matter percentage increased with the seedling age, but was lower with higher nutrient concentration. The specific leaf area showed the opposite results. In cucumbers transplanted at 26- or 33-day seedling ages, night temperature did not affect the growth at ten days after transplanting. However, the growth of 40 or 47 day-old seedling decreased at $10^{\circ}C$. Compared with $25^{\circ}C$, the dry weight of cucumbers transplanted at 40- or 47-day seedling ages was depressed by 58% or 71%, respectively, at $10^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, it was concluded that the optimum nutrient solution concentrations and seedling age for the production of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays can be 1.0S and about 30 days, respectively, and night temperature should be maintained at the range of $15-25^{\circ}C$ for promoting the growth after transplanting.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.286-292
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the suitable of layer on growth of six baby leaf vegetables using existing facilities and equipment in rice seedling nursery. Three kinds of Lactuca(lettuce 'Jinppallola' and 'Romain white', and indian lettuce), two of Brassica(tatsoi and red tatsoi) and amaranth were used as the materials. After sowing, the rice seedling tray was placed in multi bench system($L120{\times}W60{\times}H195cm$, 10th floor), which were low(1st) layer above 15cm, middle(4th) layer above 115cm and high(7th) layer above 175cm apart from ground. Irrigation was sprayed 2~3 times a day using a automatic irrigation system. The growth characteristics and leaf color were investigated when leaf vegetables were reached the optimum size(within 10cm of plant height). During the culture periods(29th Jun.~31th Jul. 2017), daytime average temperature was $27.4{\sim}28.3^{\circ}C$ regardless of layers but solar irradiance was higher in the high-layer than low and middle-layer of 37% and 22%, respectively. The leaf length, leaf width and number of leaves in middle and high-layer have a tendency to increase but, fresh weight was different according to the layer. When the correlation between accumulation radiation and growth was analyzed, all of growth factor of Amaranth showed a high correlation and other cultivars showed correlation with each growth factors. As a result, It is suitable that amaranth and red tatsoi for high-layer, Indian lettuce and tatsoi for middle and high-layer and 'Romain white' for middle-layer. The growth of red lettuce 'Jinppallola' was good at low layer, but leaf color expression was poor. So the high layer is suitable for 'Jinppallola'.