• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.2 s.116
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• pp.198-208
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• 2006

This research was to apply a multi-metric approach, so called the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) as a tool for biological evaluations of water environments, to a wadable stream. For the study, we surveyed 5 sampling locations in Kap Stream during August 2004 ${\sim}$ September 2005. We also compared the biological data with long-term water quality data, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea and physical habitat conditions based on the Quantitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). We used ten metric systems for the IBI model to evaluate biological stream health. Overall IBI values in Kap Stream averaged 24 (range: 20${\sim}$30, n=5), indicating a "fair ${\sim}$ poor" conditions according to the modified criteria of Karr (1981) and US EPA(1993). Exclusive of 4th survey, average IBI values at the upstream reach (S1 ${\sim}$ S3)and downstream reach (S4 ${\sim}$ S5) were 20 and 24, respectively. However, in 4th survey the averages were 21 and 20 in the upstream and downstream reaches, respectively. This difference was larger in the upstream than in the downstream because of physical condition disturbed during summer monsoon. Values of the QHEI varied from 75(fair condition) to 148 (good condition) and values of QHEI in the S3 were significantly (P=0.001, n=5) lower than other sites. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were greater by 3 ${\sim}$ 8 fold in the downstream than in the upstream reach. We believe that present IBI approach applied in this study may be used as a key tool to set up specific goals for restoration of Kap Stream.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.62-72
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• 2006

Biological health in aquatic environments has been assessed by several approaches using various bio-taxa. Especially, fish has been identified as one of the best ecological indicators for an integrative health assessments in aquatic environments. In this preliminary study, the necropsy-based approach using the Health Assessment Index (Adams et al., 1993; HAI, Blazer, 2000), was employed for the assessments of aquatic environments influenced by effluent water from wastewater disposal plants (WDP) near a urban stream (i.e., Cap-Stream). For the impact analysis from the effluents, we developed 10 metric necropsy-based model including $M_l\;skin,\;M_2\;fin,\;M_3\;thymus,\;M_4\;spleen,\;M_5\;hindgut,\;M_6\;kidney,\;M_7\;liver.\;M_8\;eyes,\;M_9\;gill,\;and\;M_{10}$ pseudobranch. We set up duplicate controls (natural upstream water plus 5 fishes in each control tank) and duplicate treatments (effluent water from the WDP plus 5 fishes in each treatment tank) in the laboratory. Preliminary results showed that HAI values in the controls were zero, indicating an excellent condition by the criteria of HAI, while the HAI values in the treatments ranged between 40 and 150, indicating a poor condition. Also, various health conditions, based on the index of biological integrity (IBI), species richness, tolerance guilds, and trophic guilds supported the HAI approach. The HAI approach, not applied in Korea, not may be used as an surrogate fer ecological health assessment in lotic ecosystems.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2012

This study evaluated the screening level assessment of ecological health using four biomarkers and four bioindicators of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus as a indicator species in agricultural area of South Korea during May-June 2011. The endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) indicators, such as vitellogenin (VTG) and gonado-somatic index (GSI), were not significantly changed in the agricultural site (p>0.05), indicating no effects. The biomarkers and bioindicators were compared between two sites of reference site (RS) and the agricultural site (AS) for screening assessment of ecological health. The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and DNA damage were significantly changed in the AS compared with the RS (p<0.05). But the individual level bioindicators such as condition factor (CF), hepato-somatic index (HSI), and gonado-somatic index (GSI) were not significantly different from reference site (RS). These results may indicate impairments of ecological health by toxic chemicals and environmental conditions. Current this study is based on screening assessment of biochemical and individual level biomarkers and bioindicators, so further study is required additional biomarkers and population or community level bioindicators for more specific health assessments in agricultural areas.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.5 s.83
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• pp.591-596
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the applicability of steel slag aggregates for tetrapod concrete, the properties of concrete as structural material were investigated. The biochemical research of marine concrete using steel slag aggregates was also carried out. The tested concrete properties are slump, ai content, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus, carbonation, hydration heat, freezing and thawing, sulfate attack, drying shrinkage, etc. The biochemical experiments are carried to research the propagation and reproduction of seaweeds and survival of bottom dwelling species. According to this experiment results, the steel slag aggregate content did not have a significant effect on compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus. The durability of concrete was not influenced by the steel slag aggregate content. From the biochemical research, steel slag aggregate can be evaluated as the material that is ideally suited for promoting propagation and reproduction of seaweeds and sessile benthos.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.202-210
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• 2015

The low dose radiation is done for a long period, thus researchers have to know the exact dose distribution for the irradiated mouse. This research has been conducted in order to find out methods in transmitting an exact dose to mouse in a mouse irradiation experiment carried out using $^{137}Cs$ irradiation equipment installed in the DIRAMS (Dongnam Institution of Radiological & Medical Sciences) research center. We developed a single mouse housing cage and shelf with adjustable geometric factors such as distance and angle from collimator. The measurement of irradiated dose showed a maximal 42% difference of absorbed dose from the desired dose in the conventional irradiation system, whereas only 6% difference of the absorbed dose was measured in the self-developed mouse apartment system. In addition, multi mice housing showed much difference of the absorbed dose in between head and body, compared to single mouse housing in the conventional irradiation system. This research may allow further research about biological effect assessment for the low dose irradiation using the self-developed mouse apartment to provide more exact doses which it tries to transmit, and to have more reliability for the biological analysis results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.279-280
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• 2000

고등어는 우리나라 전 해역에 광범위하게 분포하는 회유성 어종으로 주로 대형선망어업에 의해 연중 어획되며, 최근 연근해 전체 어획량의 10∼25％를 차지하는 산업적으로 중요한 어종이다. 또한 고등어는 전갱이, 정어리, 삼치, 붉은대게 와 함께 TAC 대상어종으로서 이러한 제도의 지속적인 실시를 위한 TAC산정 대상어종의 자원특성 파악이 선행되어져야 한다. 정확한 TAC추정을 위해서는 어업자원의 생물학적 특성 구명과 자원변동에 영향을 줄 수 있는 해양학적 특성도 함께 고려되어져야 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.146-147
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• 2003

우리나라에서의 환경 오염 관리는 BOD, COD를 비롯한 총 20여가지 항목에 대한 이화학적 분석에 기초를 두고 있기때문에 분석 항목에 포함되지 않는 물질에 의한 독성의 영향은 간과되고 있다. 선진국에서는 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위해 이화학적 분석기법 이외에 생물검정법을 이용하여 유해화학물질에 대한 독성 판별, 수질환경기준, 퇴적물환경기준, 오염진단과 생태계위해도 평가, 오염정화와 환경복원 등에 활용하고 있다. (중략)

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2015

Invasive alien species are considered to be one of the main factors that cause biodiversity loss. Establishment of management strategies through continuous monitoring and risk assessment is a key element for invasive alien species management policy. In the present study, we introduce examples of ecological risk assessment tools developed in Japan, Germany-Austria and Belgium. Invasive alien species have been designated in Japan based on the assessment of risks to ecosystems, human health and primary industry. German-Austrian Black List Information System categorized alien species into Black List, White List and Grey List according to their risks to biodiversity. In the Harmonia Information System developed in Belgium, invasiveness, adverse impacts on native species and ecosystem functions and invasion stages were assessed and alien species were categorized into Black List, Watch List and Alert List. These international risk assessment tools may be helpful to improve our national risk assessment protocol for the prioritization of invasive alien species management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The study was carried out to understand the inhabiting status and biological features of nutria (Myocastor coypus) in the Jeju Island from May, 2013 to August, 2016. Five individuals were captured by traps and two individuals were collected in dead. Of the 7 individuals, those whose bio-information could not be known were excluded to perform autopsy of the rest of them. The results from morphological, cranial and anatomical analyses, it was found that the females achieved sexual maturation but had no breeding experience. An adult male showed similar sizes to those found in the Korean Peninsula. After collecting the 7 individuals in 2013, 1 nutria individual was filmed by the scouting camera in May, 2014 but not captured. The long-term investigation of the research area found no inhibiting individual. It is deemed the nutria was either died of natural death or migrated. In order to establish a proper nutria control, the environmental characteristics of Jeju Island should be considered where indigenous and introduced species coexist in a limited space. Our findings will provide helpful information for understanding biological features of nutria and planning protection program of natural ecosystems of Jeju Island.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.379
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

2-부톡시에탄올(2-butoxyethanol)에 대한 생물학적 노출지수 설정에 필요한 자료는 상당수 존재한다. 다양한 실험실 및 직업적 현장연구는 2-butoxyethanol에 노출된 후 소변에서 butoxyacetic acid의 배설을 조사하여 생물학적 노출지수를 구축할 데이터베이스를 제공하였다. 실험실 연구는 작업시간 동안보다는 짧은 시간을 노출시킨다. 휴식 중에 실시한 실험 자료들을 20ppm에 8시간 노출로 외삽하면 작업시작 종료 시점의 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid의 농도가 각각 192, 272, 190 mg/g creatinine이었다. 작업부하 30 watts와 50 watts의 연구 결과를 외삽하면 각각 304 butoxyacetic acid/g creatinine과 313 butoxyacetic acid/g creatinine이었다. 작업현장 연구는 소변을 가수분해시킨 후 총 butoxyacetic acid의 검출 범위가 광범위할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 외삽의 결과는 일반적으로 1ppm 미만의 노출에서 나온 것이라는 점에 유의해야 한다. 피부 흡수의 가능성과 2-butoxyethanol의 상대적으로 낮은 휘발성을 감안할 때 현장 연구에서는 피부 경로가 흡입 연구보다 더 중요할 수 있다. 따라서 현장 조사는 휴식을 취한 자원봉사자를 대상으로 실시한 흡입 연구와 비교하면 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid 농도를 과대평가하는 경향이 있다. 활용 가능한 시뮬레이션 연구에서 휴식 시 2-butoxyethanol의 TLV-TWA 20ppm에 8시간 전신(흡입과 피부) 노출되는 경우 가수분해된 총 butoxyacetic acid가 210 mg/g creatinine이 예상되고 작업부하 50 watts에서는 373 mg/g creatinine이 예측된다. 50 watts의 작업량으로 20ppm에서 8시간 노출되는 경우 생물학적 노출지수(BEI)는 약 400 mg/g creatinine일 것이다. 그러나 생물학적 노출지수는 외삽에 대한 불확실성, 심각한 피부 노출 및 작업장 노출평가 자료의 부족을 반영하여 200 mg butoxyacetic acid/g creatinine으로 설정하였다. 인용한 자료들의 한계에도 불구하고 자원 봉사자 연구와 시뮬레이션 연구의 자료들이 일치성이 있었다. 연구에 따르면 butoxyacetic acid는 측정 가능한 양으로 존재하며 작업 교대 중에 검출될 수 있는 충분한 시간의 반감기를 가지고 있다. Sakai 등의 연구 자료와 일부 모델링 자료에서 노출농도가 높은 경우 주중에 약간의 축적 가능성을 보고하였지만 작업장에서 일반적으로 노출되는 농도 범위에서는 누적이 예상되지 않으며 작업 종료 후에 소변시료를 채취하는 것이 바람직하다. 대다수의 연구에서 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid 농도 수준의 개인 간 다양성을 보고하였다. 또한 대부분의 작업현장 연구에서는 2-butoxyethanol의 주변 환경 농도수준과 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid 수준에 유의한 상관관계를 발견하지 못하였다. 상호 연관성이 결여된 원인은 대부분 피부 노출의 영향으로 추정하였다. 개인 보호 장갑을 착용한 근로자들에게서는 유의한 상관관계가 발견되었다.