• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2020

The activity of living microorganism directly or indirectly affects to the biomineralization in sediments and rocks that display the unique biotic structure. Minerals in the biotic structures showed unique properties and bypass the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers. Therefore, investigations on the biotically induced microstructure is essential to identify the new mineral formation mechanism by analyzing crystal structures and morphology at a nano-scale. The significant implication as well as advantages of using scanning electron microscopy to characterize the biotic structures were discussed in this paper for the examples of hydrothermal vent area microbial mat and deep-sea ferromanganese crust sample.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2022.09a
• /
• pp.72-72
• /
• 2022

자두나무(Prunus salicina Lindl.)는 세계에서 5번째로 많이 생산되는 과실로, 한국에서 재배하는 자두나무의 기본종은 중국 양쯔강 유역에서 기원했다. 2016년 과수용 자두나무와는 다른 자두나무가 양구에서 발견되었다. 양구군, 인제군, 고성군 일대의 자두나무 개체군의 유전다양성 및 집단 구조 분석을 통해 본 자두나무 개체군의 유전다양성 및 개체군 구조를 확인하고자 했다. 과수용 재배종을 포함한 시료를 채취하여 GBS 분석을 진행했고 주성분 분석과 STRUCTURE 분석을 통해 개체군간 유전적 구조를 확인했다. 재배종의 유전형이 다른 개체군에서도 나타나는 것으로 보아 유의한 유전적 분화가 일어났다고 보기 힘들었다. 하지만 고성군 고진동계곡 등 DMZ에 인접한 집단이 분계도에서 재배종 개체군과 가장 유전적 거리가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 본 분석으로는 야생집단으로 발견도니 자두나무의 실체와 기원을 단정짓기에는 부족한 것으로 보이며 외군 추가 및 더 많은 시료를 확보하는 등 추가 조사와 분석이 필요하다.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.12 s.403
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 2002

명왕성 밖에서 거대한 얼음-돌 천체 발견/남공 상공 오존층 작아져/가장 아름다운 물리학 실험 10가지/곤충으로 박테리아 퇴치/인공의 뇌운으로 산불 끈다/전기자동차용 리튬이온전지 개발/박테리아 위성 발사로 생명체 기원 실험/대용량 원자 메모리 기술 개발/세계에서 가장 높은 발전 타워/원자파 레이저로 화산폭발 예측/새 치아를 생물학적으로 자라게 한다/강하고 견고한 에어로겔 제조/유리 속의 분자도 구조를 가졌다

• The Zoological Society Korea : Newsletter
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2001

동물에서 맛을 느끼는 것과 의사소통이 라는 행위는 생명을 유지하는데 있어 매우 중요한 수단이다. 섭취 할 수 있는 것과 먹어서는 안 되는 물질을 가려내고, 위험으로부터 벗어 날 수 있는 정보를 가장 빠르게 전달 할 수 있는 수단이다. 이러한 기능을 가지고 있는 몸 안의 기관으로는 혀가 있는데, 다양한 근육과 신경의 분포를 이용해서 위에서 언급한 기능을 수행하게 된다. 혀의 다양한 기능과 특징적인 구조에도 불구하고 현재까지는 혀의 감각기관으로써의 기능과 구조에 대한 연구가 대부분인 실정이다. 물론 발생학적 측면에서 다양한 접근이 이루어지고 있으나, 이 또한 신경의 분화와 유도에 대해서 초점을 맞추고 있는 것 이 사실이다. 생물학에 있어서 가장 중요한 초점은 항상 그 구조와 기능이지만 이러한 구조와 기능을 보다 정확하게 이해하기 위해서는 발생학적인 측면에서의 접근이 반드시 필요하고, 특히 Epithelium과 Mesenchyme의 interaction으로 생기는 외배엽성 기원 기관의 하나로써 혀의 papillae에 대한 고찰을 하고자 한다 (Jung et al 1998). 또한 현재까지 진행되어진 신경분포와 감각기관으로의 혀의 역할과 발생 과정에 대해서도 알아보고 이러한 현시점의 발생학과 형태학을 이해하는데 필요한 하나의 Model system으로써의 혀에 대해 이야기하고자 한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.223-227
• /
• 2021

Several hypotheses for the origin of cultivated sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)] have been suggested but the exact progenitor is still unknown. Based on the results of RFLP patterns, microsatellite markers, SNP markers, FISH analyses, and genome analyses of haplotypes, wild species belonging to batatas group, I. trifida, I. leucantha, I. littoralis, I. tabascana, I. tenuissima, I. tiliacea, and I. triloba have been suggested as a progenitor. However, recently, advanced genomic technologies and characterization of the inserted T-DNA fragments of Agrobacterium in the genome of cultivated sweetpotato and wild species through horizontal gene transfer suggest that there may be an older progenitor than the wild species suggested so far.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2019

The oxidation states of structural Fe in minerals reflect the paleo-depositional redox conditions for the biologically or abiotically induced mineral formation. Particularly, nano-scale analysis using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is necessary to identify evidence for the microbial role in the biomineralization. HRTEM-EELS analysis of oxidation states of structural Fe and carbon bonding structure differentiate biological factors in mineralization by mapping the distribution of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and source of organic C. HRTEM-EELS technique provides geomicrobiologists with the direct nano-scale evidence of microbe-mineral interaction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2010

In order to find out the short-term phytoplankton dynamics during summer season in Jinhae Bay, we investigated the environmental factors and phytoplankton population densities at 16 stations. A total of 66 phytoplankton species were appeared, diatoms occupied more than 80% of total species, and the others were dinoflagellates and raphidophyceaes. The dominant species were diatoms Chaetoceros affinis, C. didymus, C. pseudocurvisetus, Leptocylindrus danicus, Pseudonitzchia pungens, Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Gymnodinium impudicum, Karenia mikimotoi, Prorocentrium minimum, Protoperidinium bipes and Scrippsiella trochoidea. According to multidimensional scaling (MSD) and cluster analysis based on phytoplankton community data from each station, the Jinhae bay was divided into two groups. The first group included stations in the inner part of Masan Bay, which is strongly influenced by high nitrogen loading and low salinity by river discharge. The second group included the other remained stations. Based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), small-size dinoflagellates K. mikimotoi, P. minimum, P. bipes and S. trochoidea and centric diatom C. pseudocurvisetus and S. costatum, which is dominanted in the inner area of bay, were related with DIN (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite). These results imply that the study area was grouped into the two water masses (inner and outer water of Masan Bay) and inner waters had higher phytoplankton abundances and Chl.a concentration than outer waters. As a result, summer phytoplankton peaks in the inner shallow bay were stimulated by increases in nitrogen and temperature.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.471-487
• /
• 2013

This review paper was written to provide background information as well as future application for aquatic ecologists interested in using stable isotope. Stable isotope techniques has proved to be an extremely useful to elucidate a lot of environmental and ecological problems. Stable isotopes have been used as possible tracers to identify sources, to quantify relative inputs in a system. When utilized carefully, stable isotope tools provides apparent advantages for the scientists to find out the processes of material cycles in various environments and energy flows in natural ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.722-730
• /
• 2021

In this study, we aimed to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways for macrophage activation by the polysaccharide GBW-II purified from ginseng berry. GBW-II consists of 14 different sugars, including rarely observed sugars such as 2-O-methyl-xylose, apiose, aceric acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid, which are typical RG-II component sugars. GBW-II enhanced the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. In experiments evaluating specific inhibitor activity, it was found that the production of IL-6 was suppressed by inhibitors of SB, PD, and BAY, and the production of TNF-α was suppressed by PD and BAY. The experiments with neutralizing antibodies showed that TLR4 was involved in the stimulation of IL-6 production by GBW-II in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas TNF-α production was regulated through SR and TLR2. These results suggest that GBW-II activates the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via several macrophage receptors, including SR, TLR2, and TLR4, and subsequently induces the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.295-306
• /
• 2003

Recently efforts are underway to analyze the impacts of anthropogenic $CO_2$ on the global environments and the amount of oceanic uptake increase. The East Sea is now viewed as a miniature ocean because its circulation pattern is similar to the ocean conveyer belt. The biological pump of the East Sea is a vital component to understand the carbon cycle quantitatively. In this paper, the biological pump is estimated utilizing the stoichiometric ratio between carbon and phosphorus. A simple phosphate budget model is constructed based on the seawater and dissolved oxygen box model that can simulate the recent structural change in deep water circulation of the East Sea. A model run from you 1952 to 2040 shows the steadily intensifying biological pump. Currently it exports about 0.016 Pg C yr$^{-1}$ , which corresponds to 35％ of the carbon introduced into the seawater by the air-sea exchange. An increased oxygen supply to the central water mass as a result of from the transition in the ventilation system might enhance the remineralization of sinking biogenic particles. This should strengthen the upward nutrient flux into the surface layer. Consequently, the biological sequestration of anthropogenic carbon is expected to increase with time. The estimated biological uptake of the anthropogenic carbon in the East Sea since the Industrial Revolution is estimated as 0.025 Pg C.