• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1998

Primary lung cancer has recently increased progressively in its incidence in Korea. It is clearly evident that surgical resection offers the best offortunity for cure of non-small cell carcinoma. This study was designed to analyse the clinical data of 100 primary non-small cell carcinoma patients who underwent lung resection surgery from January 1992 to July 1995 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Sugery, Kyungpook National University Hospital. There were 86 males and 14 females(6:1). In the age distribution, the peak incidence was recorded in the seventh decade(43%). The methods of tissue diagnosis were bronchoscopic biopsy in 53 patients(50.5%), percutaneous needle aspiration in 17 patients(16.2%), transbronchial lung biopsy in 11 patients(10.5%), mediastinoscopic biopsy in 2 patients (1.9%), sputum cytology in 2 patients(1.9%), and thoracotomy in 20 patients(19.0%). Fifty-five lobectomies, 22 pneumonectomies, 15 bilobectomies, 2 segmentectomies, 4 sleeve lobectomies, a sleeve pneumonectomy, and a wedge pneumonectomy were performed. Operative mortality occured in 4 cases(sepsis in 2 cases, respiratory failure in 1 case, and acute myocardiac infarction in 1 case). The histologic types of tumor were 67 squamous cell carcinomas, 26 adenocarcinomas, 6 large cell carcinomas, and an adenosquamous cell carcinoma. Eighteen patients with N2 mediastinal lymph node metastases had 8 squamous cell carcinomas(11.9%), 9 adenocarcinomas(34.6%), and a large cell carcinoma(16.7%). The primary tumors in these patients were in the right upper lobe in 4 patients, the right middle and lower lobe in 9 patients, the left upper lobe in 3 patients, and the left lower lobe in 2 patients. With regard to pathologic stages, 45 patients had stage I disease; 13 patients, stage II; 36 patients, stage IIIa; 5 patients, stage IIIb; and 1 patient, stage IV. The overall actuarial survival rate was 77.5% at 12 months, 56.1% at 24 months and 43.7% at 43 months. The actuarial survival rates at 43 months were 81.3% in Stage I, 20.8% in Stage II, 27.9% in Stage IIIa, 25.0% in Stage IIIb and 33.3% in Stage IV. These facts suggest that early detection and surgical resection are recommended for favorable postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 1994

근래 골조직에 있어서 자율신경의 기능에 대하여 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 골내의 자율신경의 해부학적 분포는 많이 알려져 있다. 그러나 임상적으로 반사적 교감신경 이상이나 레이노드 현상등과 같은 교감신경의 기능이상증에서나, 버거씨병 등의 치료 목적으로 시행되고 있는 교감신경 절제술 후, 자율신경기능의 변화가 사지골의 혈류나 골대사에 미치는 영향에 대하여는 아직도 논란의 여지가 있다. 저자들은 교감신경절제술 후 시간 경과에 따른 골에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐에서 골대사와 혈류상태를 비교적 충실히 반영하는 정량적 골스캔을 시행하였다. 체중 $300{\sim}400g$의 수컷 흰쥐 10마리에서 복강을 통한 편측 요추부 교감신경절제술을 시행하였고, 수술 전과 후 1일, 3일, 1주, 2주, 3주, 4주에 양측 하지에서 각각 골스캔을 시행하고 교감신경 절제측 하지와 정상 하지에 대칭적으로 관심구역을 정하여 양측의 골스캔상 섭취계수를 비교하였다. 측정부위는 각 하지의 대퇴골간, 경골간 및 중족골로 하였다. 교감신경 절제술을 시행한 하지에서는 골스캔 소견상 수술 후 1일 또는 3일부터 동위원소 집적이 유의하게 증가되었으며 원위부로 갈수록 더욱 증가되었다. 그러나 3주 이후에는 정상측 수준으로 환원되었다. 교감신경절제술 후 골스캔상 동위원소집적이 증가되는 것은 골자체의 혈류가 증가되기 때문이며 이차적으로 골의 흡수를 유발하여 골밀도가 감소하는 것으로 생각되는데 이러한 변화는 시술 후 1일 째부터 관찰되어 사지골이 교감신경 절제에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 것을 알 수 있었다.9m}Tc$-MAA를 이용한 간 동맥 혈류 검사는 간암에서 색전술의 효과를 정확히 평가할 수 있는 유용한 검사법으로 이용될 수 있으리라 생각한다. 활성화 과정을 알아볼 수 있었으며 위상영상히스토그램을 통하여 이를 정량화하여 심실내 전기적 활성의 비동시성 여부를 추적관찰 할 수 있는 비관혈적검사임을 확인하였다.며, 3. $^{99m}Tc$으로 표지된 avidin과 streptavidin은 먼저 간으로 흡수된 후 대사된 다음 신장으로 배설된다는 사실을 알았다.damole에 의한 부작용은 흉통, 두통, 복통 등의 순이었고 전예에서 호전되었으며 생명에 위험을 초래할 수 있는 정도의 심장마비나 심부정맥은 한 예에서도 없었다. 결론적으로 dipyridamole은 약물부하 심근 SPECT 검사에 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 약물로 사료된다. 미소핵 빈도수가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 각 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 결론 : 임상적으로 치료를 중단하게 되는 1000mCi/60 Kg(16.67 mCi/Kg)를 투여한 군에서도 생쥐 골수내 미소핵이 발현되지 않는 것으로 보아, 방사성옥소는 비교적 안심하고 치료에 사용할 수 있는 제제로 사료되었다.반드시 비례하지만은 않아서 시간경과에 따른 추후 검사가 필요하리라 생각된다. 또한 방광요관역류가 있는 환아에서 DMSA 섭취율로 신기능을 평가할 때, 특히 영유아에서 연령에 따른 고려가 있어야 할 것으로 보인다.었다. 4) $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ hepatobiliary scintigram 음성율을

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.138-143
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• 2003

Total methanolic extract of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. var. spatiosum (Compositae) was revealed to have anti-hepatotoxic activity against galactosamine-induced toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. After successive partitioning with chloroform, n-butanol, and water, the chloroform fraction showed a significant inhibition activity of 51% at 50 ppm, compared with that of silybin, 45.9% at $100\;{\mu}M$. The chloroform fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and yielded active CH-II, CH-V and CH-VI subfractions, and the anti-hepatotoxic activity of these subfractions were 47.6, 56.3, and 23.2%, respectively, at 50 ppm. Total glutathione contents of CH-II, CH-V, and CH-VI increased by 49.8, 43.9, and 47.5% of the control, respectively at 50 ppm, whereas that of silymarin was, 59.7% at $100\;{\mu}M$ after challenged with galactosamine. The ratio of (reduced glutathione) / (total glutathione) in CH-II, CH-V and CH-VI subfraction showed similar values of $0.86{\sim}0.87$ at 50 ppm, whereas that of silymarin was, 0.85 at $100\;{\mu}M$. The incorporation of $[^3H]-uridine$ uptake into RNA was not affected by these active subfractions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.760-773
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• 2000

Background : Hemoptysis is a common clinical symptom responsible for 11% of admission to the hospital chest service. In KOREA pulmonary tuberculosis is still the most common cause of hemoptysis and the incidence of hemoptysis due to neoplasia has increased. Bronchoscopy and high resonance CT are essential for diagnosis of the cause of hemoptysis. We studied the causes, diagnostic tools and treament treatment of hemoptysis Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical profiles, radiologic and bronchoscopy findings and treatments of hemoptysis for 220 patients who were admitted to our hospital with hemoptysis between 1994 and 1998. Results : The mean age at diagnosis was 49.3 years and male to female ratio was 2.1 : 1. The main causes were active pulmonary pulmonary tuberculosis in 72 cases(32.7%), inactive pulmonary tuberculosis with sequlae in 69 cases(31.4%) lung cancer in 43 cases(19.5%), bronchiectasis in 10 cases(4.5%), and chronic bronchitis in 10 cases(4.5%). The mean amount of hemoptysis for 24hrs was 120cc. The mean duration of bleeding was 25 days. The number of cases with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis were 128 cases, in which 24 were relapsed tuberculosis cases, 25 chronic tuberculosis cases, 69 inactive tuberculosis cases, and 10 lung cancer cases. High resonance CT was the most useful method for structural etiologic evaluation of hemoptysis developed in patients with inactive tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and aspergilloma. Sputum study and bronchofiberscopy were the confirmative diagnostic tools for active pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer. The treatments of hemoptysis medical in 152 cases(71.7%), bronchial arteη embolization in 39 cases(17.8%), and operation in 9 cases(4.0%). The mean following up duration was 22.4 months. The overall outcomes of hemoptysis were controlled in 77 cases(43.5%), rebleeding in 100 cases (56.5%) and expired in 9 cases (4.0%). The outcomes of hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis were controlled in 21.6%, rebleeding in 78.4%, and expire in 14.7%. Conculsion : The most common cause of hemoptysis was related with pulmonary tuberculosis. HRCT was an important diagnostic tool in AFB smear negative active pulmonary tuberculosis and inactive tuberculosis with sequelae. Early, proper management of pulmonary tuberculosis is important for prevention of hemoptysis in Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

Background: Pulmonary aspergilloma is relatively common in korea. It arises from the colonization and proliferation of Aspergillus in preexisting lung parenchymal cavities, in particular tuberculosis. The most common symptom in this disorder is hemoptysis, which mayor may not be massive and life threatening. A routine chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) are the most important diagnostic procedures. A surgical resection of the aspergilloma has recently been recommended, because of the relatively low incidence of postoperative complications than in the past. A more concentrated sample of patients with aspergilloma, who either underwent a thoracotomy or tested positive for aspergillus antibodies, were reviewed. Method : The medical records of twenty-two patients with aspergilloma, who had a proven thoracotomy (9 cases), or who tested positive for the diagnostic procedure and/or aspergillus antibodies (13 cases) from January 1995 to December 2000, were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The most common underlying lung disease was a current or old healed tuberculosis, and 3 patients had cultures of mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT). The mean time until the aspergilloma was detected 5.91 years in the healed tuberculosis cases. The others cases involved a lung abscess, bronchiectasis and without lung disease. The extrapulmonary disease was alcoholism and diabetes. Hemoptysis was most common in 72.7%. A computed tomography (CT) is useful for diagnosis. The right upper lobe, especially the posterior segment, is the most common location. Bronchial artery embolization is ineffective for a long term follow-up. A lobectomy is most common in a thoracotomy, and intra-operative and post-operative complications are rare. During follow-up, the mortality rate, not from the aspergilloma but from respiratory failure, was 13.6%. Conclusion : Aspergilloma is a common cavitary lung disease, It mainly arises from tuberculosis, either current or healed, but extra-pulmonary disease including alcoholism or diabetes are other possible risk factors. Their most common problem in aspergilloma is hemoptysis. Surgery has a low risk of post-operative complications and is recommended in relatively preserved lung function or healthy patients. Medical maneuvers including embolization, and the local insertion of certain materials needs to be studied more closely.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of complications, the incidences of complications, and preoperative and postoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of the complication. Material and Method: Between August 1990 and August 1997 in Asan Medical Center, 42 patients(24 men and 18 women) underwent surgical resection for pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean age was 46.6${\pm}$11.5 years(range 29 to 69 years). Hemoptysis(90%) was the most common presentation. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common predisposing cause(81%). The associated diseases were bronchiectasis(n=11), active puolmonary tuberculosis(n=9), diabetes mellitus(n=8), lung carcinoid(n=1), and acute myeloblastic leukemia(n=1). Lobectomy was done in 32 cases(76%), segmentectomy or wedge resection in 4, pneumonectomy in 2, and lobectomy combined with segmentectomy in 4. Result: Operative mortality was 2%. The most common postoperative complication was persistent air leakage(n=6). The variables such as age, sex, pulmonary function test, amount and duration of hemoptysis, associated diseases(diabetes mellitus, active pulmonary tuberculosis), mode of preoperative management(steroid, antifungal agent, bronchial arterial embolization), and modes of operative procedures were statistically insignificant. The radiologic extent of infiltration to normal lung parenchyme was statistically significant(p=0.04). Conclusion: We conclude that the extent of the infiltration to normal lung parenchyme in preoperative radiologic studies should be carefully evaluated to reduce the postoperative complications in surgery for pulmonary aspergilloma.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2004

Purpose: The object of this study Is to investigate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, psychology, self-esteem and quality of life in cancer patients on radiation therapy and to provide useful information for therapeutic approach to cancer patients on radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 36 patents who had been treated with radiation therapy and 20 normal people. Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics of cancer patients on radiation therapy were investigated, and symptom checklist-90-revised, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale for self esteem, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument for quality of life were administered to subjects. And Spearman's correlation analysis was used among these. Result : The tendency of somatization, depression, anxiety and hostility in cancer group were significantly higher than normal group. Self esteem and quality of life in cancer group were significantly lower than normal group. No significant difference was found in comparison of psychology, self esteem and qualify on life according to sociodemographic variables. Among clinical characteristics, in the presence of metastasis in cancer patients, the scores of anxiety, phobia and paranoid ideation were higher In patients with pain, the score of somatization was higher And in case of weight loss, the score of somatization was higher. The higher score of depression, anxiety and hostility were significantly associated with lower self-esteem. And higher score of somatization, depression, anxiety and hostility were significantly associated with lower quality of life. Conclusion: Understanding and management of psychological symptoms, such as somatization, depression, anxiety, and hostility, and pain control are necessary to improve quality of life in cancer patients on radiation therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiation therapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and to analyze the prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: From December 2004 to April 2009, 70 patients who had HCC with PVTT were treated with RT at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. Nineteen patients whose total dose was below 30 Gy and one patient who underwent liver transplantation were excluded. The remaining 50 patients (45 males, 5 females; median age 55 years) were analyzed. According to the LCSGJ TNM stage, there were 27 patients (54.0%) with stage III and 23 (46.0%) with stage IV. Total dose of 30~54 Gy was administered (median 45). Thirty patients (60.0%) were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). The median follow-up duration was from 13.5 months (range, 3 to 70 months). Results: The median survival time from the start of RT was 9 months. One-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 24.9% and 11.2%, respectively. At the follow-up time, three patients (6.0%) displayed no evidence of disease. Seven patients (14.0%) were alive with disease, and 40 (80.0%) patients had expired due to disease progression. CCRT was associated with worse survival than RT alone (p=0.034), Response to RT (p=0.037), CLIP stage (p=0.017), and TNM stage (p=0.041) were statistically significant prognostic factors. There was no radiation-induced liver disease. Conclusion: RT is an effective and safe modality for HCC with PVTT. Further studies such as prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm the role of RT for HCC with PVTT.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

For plasma cosmetics, it is important to ensure the long-term stability of plasma in the formulation. This study examined the suitability of containers for efficient plasma cosmetics development. By varying the surface area covered by the plasma, 4 cm², 25 cm², 75 cm², and 175 cm² containers were injected with cosmetic plasma, and the amount of nitric oxide (NO), the main active species of nitrogen plasma, was analyzed. As a result, the surface area and stability exposed to plasma tended to be inversely proportional, and it was most effective in a 4 cm² container. Furthermore, 25 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm vials were treated with plasma, which resulted in relative long-term stability of NO at 25 mm, a smaller surface area of the container exposed to air. Water mist and stratified mist were selected as cosmetic formulations, and NO plasma was injected into the water layer to observe the changes in formulation properties and the state of the injected NO plasma. In both formulations, the amount of NO plasma injected was about 1.5 times higher in the water phase mist than in the stratified mist, and the stratified mist gradually decreased with time and was found to disappear after 3 weeks. The stability of the nitrogen plasma was studied at low temperature (4 ℃), room temperature (25 ℃), and high temperature (37 ℃, 50 ℃). As a result, it was found that the water mist did not affect the stability, but the stratified mist observed a color change in the oil phase layer. Overall, this study demonstrates the container suitability of nitrogen plasma and suggests the importance of ensuring the stability of injected nitrogen plasma in cosmetic formulations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.7 s.252
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• pp.489-495
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• 2005

In the surgical treatment of aortic dissection, aortic arch replacement under total circulatory arrest is often performed after careful inspection to determine the severity of disease progression. Under circulatory arrest, antegrade or retrograde cerebral perfusion is required for brain protection. Recently, antegrade cerebral perfusion has been used more, because of the limitation of retrograde cerebral perfusion. This study is to compare these two methods especially in the respect to neurological complications. Material and Method: Forty patients with aortic dissection involving aortic arch from May 2000 to May 2004 were enrolled in this study, and the methods of operation, clinical recovery, and neurological complications were retrospectively reviewed. Result: In the ACP (antegrade cerebral perfusion) group, axillary artery cannulation was performed in 10 out of 15 cases. In the RCP (retrograde cerebral perfusion) group, femoral artery Cannulation was performed in 24 out of 25 cases. The average esophageal and rectal temperature under total circulatory arrest was $17.2^{\circ}C\;and\;22.8^{\circ}C$ in the group A, and $16.0^{\circ}C\;and\;19.7^{\circ}C$ in the group B, respectively. Higher temperature in the ACP group may have brought the shorter operation and cardiopulmonary bypass time. However, the length of period for postoperative clinical recovery and admission duration did not show any statistically significant differences. Eleven out of the total 15 cases in the ACP group and thirteen out of the total 25 cases in the RCP group showed neurological complication but did not show statistically significant difference. In each group, there were 5 cases with permanent neurological complications. All 5 cases in the ACP group showed some improvements that enabled routine exercise. However all 5 cases in RCP group did not show significant improvements. Conclusion: The Antegrade, cerebral perfusion, which maintains orthordromic circulation, brings moderate degree of hypothermia and, therefore, shortens the operation time and cardiopulmonary bypass time. We concluded that Antegrade cerebral perfusion is safe and can be used widely under total circulatory arrest.