• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.495-504
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• 2004

Background : Bronchial anthracofibrosis is one of the main manifestations of lung disease that is related to woodsmoke inhalation, and it is frequently associated with various pulmonary diseases, such as tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of bronchial anthracofibrosis in patients with endobronchial tuberculosis. Methods : 63 patients, who were diagnosed with endobronchial tuberculosis using bronchoscopy, were included in this study. The patients consisted of 12 males and 51 females, having mean age of 59.5 years. The clinical features, radiologic and bronchoscopic findings between the patients with (37) and without (26) bronchial anthracofibrosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results : When the patients were older, bronchial anthracofibrosis was more frequent. The endobronchial tuberculosis, which was located at the right middle lobal bronchus, was more frequent in the patients with bronchial anthracofibrosis than in the patients without bronchial anthracofibrosis. In the morphologic types of endobronchial tuberculosis, patients with bronchial anthracofibrosis had more edematous-hyperemic and ulcerative types, while patients without bronchial anthracofibrosis had more active caseating. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the presence of bronchial anthracofibrosis can possibly influence the locations and morphologic types of endobronchial tuberculosis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

Skin has a strong barrier function to protect the body from external harmful factors. This strong barrier function of the skin makes for any effective substance difficult to permeate through the skin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin permeability of the reduced particle size by non-invasive method. The particles were prepared by high-pressure emulsification. The niacinamide prepared in a high-pressure emulsification was absorbed 1.56 times higher than the control sample. In addition, it was found from the sixth layer of keratin that was removed by tape-stripping method. This was significantly deeper penetration. The whitening efficacy of the sample containing niacinamide was evaluated before and after 6 weeks of use. The skin color was significantly improved in both pigmented area and non-pigmented area. Through this study, it was possible to visually and quantitatively confirm the permeability confirm the permeability of the reduced particle sample into skin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.533-537
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• 2011

A 13-year-old, female, Shih-tzu and a 10-year-old, female, Yorkshire terrier were presented with ulcerative keratitis caused by corneal endothelial degeneration. Generalized corneal edema, conjunctival hyperemia, focal corneal pigmentation, corneal neovascularization, sub-epithelial bullae, and positive fluorescein staining were observed during ophthalmic examinations. Thermokeratoplasty was performed on the overall edematous corneas. Healing of the cornea was completed within 25 days and corneal ulceration has not recurred after healing of the cornea in both cases. Other ocular complications were not observed except for a slight increase in corneal pigmentation. According to this study, thermokeratoplasty could be an effective treatment for corneal ulceration secondary to corneal endothelial diseases in dogs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.331-339
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• 2022

Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes to protect the skin from external stimuli, mainly ultraviolet (UV) rays. However, abnormal and excessive production of melanin causes hyperpigmentation disorders, such as freckles, age spots, and discoloration. Natural cosmeceuticals are a new trend for treating or preventing hyperpigmentation due to fewer side effects and biocompatibility. In this context, the current study focused on Cnidium japonicum, a halophyte with several uses in folk medicine, to evaluate its potential as a skin-whitening agent. The effect of C. japonicum extract (CJE) on melanin production was analyzed in melanogenesis-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. The results showed that CJE successfully inhibited the oxidation of tyrosine and L-DOPA by tyrosinase and subsequently decreased the production of the key enzymes responsible for melanin production: tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and protein-2. This effect was confirmed by decreased intracellular and extracellular melanin levels in B16F10 melanoma cells after CJE treatment. Further experiments to elucidate the action mechanism revealed that CJE treatment suppressed melanin production by inhibiting the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSKβ)/β-catenin and protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathways, which are the upstream activators of melanogenesis. In conclusion, the present study suggests that C. japonicum is a potential natural source of bioactive substances for the development of novel cosmeceuticals that can act against hyperpigmentation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.245-249
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• 2003

A primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is a very rare gynecological malignant tumor. Its clinical behavior is more aggressive than that of cutaneous and vulvar melanomas. We present a case of a large sized primary melanoma of the lower third of the vagina, with a cervical lesion, in a 58-year-old postmenopausal woman. The patient was treated with conventional external radiation therapy and intracavitary radiotherapy (ICR), without surgical treatment. Although the primary lesion showed a partial response, the patient died of extensive metastases, which were found 4.5 months after the initial diagnosis. We suggest that shortening the treatment period, such as hypofractionated radiation therapy and surgical removal, and various systemic therapies for preventing early distant metastasis, are appropriate treatments for a primary malignant melanoma of the vagina, with a large tumor size.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.875-878
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• 2001

Background: Although sclerotherapy is an established procedure in treating varicose veins, a wide disparity remains in the rates of success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of sclerotherapy in combination with compression. Material and Method: From December 2000 to September 2001, a combined total of 50 legs in 39 patients with primary varicose veins were treated with sodium tetradecyl sulfate as sclerosant with the empty vein technique. Immediately after the injection, local compression was increased by a cotton wool roll, and additional compression was obtained with class II medical compression hosiery. Patients were evaluated at 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks for degree of improvement and complications. Result: There were 36 women and 3 men ranging in age from 26 to 66 years, with a mean age of 45.3 years. Good sclerosing results were obtained in all patients. Of fifty legs, five had minor complications, two small intravascular clots, two pigmentations, and one compression-related bulla, which needed no treatment. Conclusion: The use of a cotton wool roll for local compression is highly effective, and sclerotherapy in combination with compression is safe and effective in the treatment of varicose veins.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

This study was performed to DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity and intracellular melanin synthesis inhibition to verify the whitening effect of Fagopyrum tataricum (bitter buckwheat) extract as contrasted with Fagopyrum esculentum (sweet buckwheat) extract. F. tataricum extract in consequence showed higher antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin synthesis inhibition compared with F. esculentum extract. We investigated skin bright value during 8 weeks after induction of pigmentation in human skin from UV irradiation. In result, we obtained statistically a significant skin whitening effect from visual and mechanical evaluation. Accordingly, F. tataricum extract is expected to be high availability as functional cosmetic material for skin whitening.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.280-286
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• 1991

Dark-blue pigmentation has been thought to be related to smoking or occupational exposure and has been regarded as anthracotic pigmentation. It is also frequently observed in non-smokers without occupational exposure, but there is no proven mechanism of pigmetation. To investigate clinical features and to find other causes of dark-blue pigmentaion, retrospective analysis was done in 59 patients who showed anthracotic pigmentation on bronchoscopy during recent 5 years in Seoul National University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1) Forty cases were non-smokers, while smokers were 19 cases. 2) Fifteen cases had history of tuberculosis, but there was no history of environmental exposure. 3) Mediastinal calcification was observed in 89.7%. 4) There was significant bleeding without exception when biopsy was done at the pigmentation site. 5) In patients with pigmentation only, hemoptysis and productive cough were main chief complaints, and chest X-ray showed atelectasis, infiltration, mass, or pleural change. 6) The number of patients whose lesion of X-ray corresponds to pigmentation site were 19/30 in tuberculosis, 4/30 in DILD and 7/30 in other diseases.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

Juglans mandshurica belongs to the family Juglandaceae is known to contain a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, astringent, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Melanogenesis refers to the biosynthesis of melanin pigment in melanocytes. In this study, to investigate the whitening activity of the extracts from Juglans mandshurica, we measured effects on a tyrosinase activity, a melanogenesis, and a tyrosinase synthesis in the B16/BL6 melanoma cells and an antioxidant activity. The extracts significantly scavenged a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and a superoxide anion radicals in a dose-dependent manner with a $SC_{50}$ value of $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Also, the tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis were significantly inhibited by the extracts. Furthermore, the synthesis of tyrosinase protein was significantly decreased by the extracts in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 2% of the extracts showed that the extracts have a significant skin whitening effect. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the extracts from Juglans mandshurica may be useful as a potential agent for skin whitening.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

Objectives : Cupping therapy has been used as various treatment methods in oriental medicine clinic for a long time. Specially, Cupping stimulation caused skin hyperpigmentation which has been used as diagnosis method for extravasated blood & inner organs functional disease. But it was difficult to quantitatively measure and analyze the interrelation between extravasated blood and skin hyperpigmentation. The aim of this study is to measure the acupoint's RGB and melanin change pattern by stimulating under fixed 80kPa negative pressure and to evaluate the extravasated blood. Methods : To evaluate extravasated blood, 10 acupoints (left/right BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20, BL23) were stimulated by treatment 80kPa negative pressure for 1 minute. And then we measured the acupoints' skin color change patterns using the color meter, followed by RGB analysis and melanin change pattern. Results and Conclusions : We could observe the correlation of the acupoints' skin color condition related with RGB change pattern. All acupoints' color change degree were different. Regardless of acupoints' color degree due to extravasated blood, we observed in common the fact that RGB values decreased after stimulation and steadily increased according to time. We observed that melanin index increased after stimulation and recovered before stimulation-condition after the lapse of time. In other words, we confirmed the correlation between raised color change degree and $L^*a^*$ index change pattern. Therefore we observed the possibility of charting the $L^*a^*$ index following extravasated blood.