• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.480-491
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• 2015

In this study, methods using LDC (Load Duration Curve) and watershed model were suggested to develope management targets and evaluate target achievement for non-point source pollution management considering watershed and runoff characteristics and possibility for achievement of target. These methods were applied for Saemangeum watershed which was designated as nonpoint source pollution management area recently. Flow duration interval of 5 to 40% was selected as flow range for management considering runoff characteristics and TP was selected as indicator for management. Management targets were developed based on scenarios for non-point source pollutant reduction of management priority areas using LDC method and HSPF model which was calibrated using 4 years data (2009~2012). In the scenario of LID, road sweeping and 50% reduction in CSOs and untreated sewage at Jeonju A20 and 30% reduction in fertilizer and 50% in livestock NPS at Mankyung C03, Dongjin A14 and KobuA14, management targets for Mangyung bridge, Dongjin bridge, Jeonju stream and Gunpo bridge were developed as TP 0.38, 0.18, 0.64 and 0.16 mg/L respectively. When TP loads at the target stations were assumed to have been reduced by a certain percentage (10%), management targets for those target stations were developed as TP 0.35, 0.17, 0.60 and 0.15 mg/L respectively. The result of this study is expected to be used as reference material for management master plan, implementation plan and implementation assessment for non-point source management area.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.103-111
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• 2020

Performance indicators have often investigated and developed in order to identify foundational elements and factors for an enhancement of performance in sports. In order to identify the valid performance indicators it is important that the indicators used within a performance analysis system discriminate between the winning and losing performances within a match (Hughes and Bartlett, 2002). However, the performance indicators proposed in research studies on basketball performance have not been used for real-time analysis and feedback within a coaching context. Such real-time support for the coach and players has been described within research on other sports (Choi et al., 2004; O'Donoghue, 2001; Palmer et al., 1997). Within the process of real-time feedback, the identification of relevant performance indicators that distinguish winning and losing performances should be the first stage of the development of a real-time analysis system. Therefore, this study investigated the differences between winning and losing teams in terms of a set of performance indicators gathered during the analysis of 10 English National Basketball League matches. Winning and losing teams were compared using whole match data (N=10) as well as individual quarters (N=40). A series of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests was used to identify the relevant performance indicators that discriminate between winning and losing performers within whole matches and individual quarters. The tests found that 3 point shots made (p<0.05) and Assists (p<0.05) were significantly different between winning and losing teams within matches. However, 2 point shots made (p<0.05), 2 point shots attempted (P<0.05), percentages of 2 point shots scored (p<0.05), 3 point shots made (p<0.05), Defensive Rebounds (p<0.05) and Assists (p<0.05) were significantly different between winning and losing performance within quarters. The analysis task should be based on relevant performance indicators which explain the current performances to performance analysts and coaches. Within a real-time analysis and feedback scenario, this will have the additional benefit of supporting a decision based on immediate performance within the most recent quarter. Consequently, the real-time analysis system would use performance indicators which have the property of construct validity to support the decisions of the coach.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2007

For effective management of water quality on the southern coast of korea, a three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model is used to predict water quality in summer and to estimate the reduction rate in pollutant loads that would be required to restore water quality. Under the current environmental conditions, in particular, pollutant loadings to the study area were very high, chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeded seawater quality criteria to comply with current legislation, and water quality was in a eutrophic condition. Therefore, we estimated reduction rates of current pollutant loads by modeling. The model reproduced reasonably the flow field and water quality of the study area. If the terrestrial COD, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus loads were reduced by 90%, the water quality criteria of Region A were still not satisfied. However, when the nutrient loads from polluted sediment and land were each reduced by 70% simultaneously, COD and $Chl-{\alpha}$ were restored. When we reduced the input COD and nutrient loads from the Nakdong River by 80%, $Chl-{\alpha}$ and COD of Region B decreased below $10\;{\mu}g\;1^{-1}$ and $2\;mg\;1^{-1}$, respectively. The water quality criteria of Region C were satisfied when we reduced the terrestrial COD and nutrient loads by 70%. Total allowable loadings of COD and inorganic nutrients in each region were determined by multiplying the reduction rates by current pollutant loads. Estimated high reduction rates, although difficult to achieve at the present time under the prevailing environmental conditions, suggest that water pollution is very severe in this study area, and pollutant loads must be reduced within total allowable loads by continuous and long-term management. To achieve the reduction in pollutant loads, sustainable countermeasures are necessary, including the expansion of sewage and wastewater facilities, polluted sediment control and limited land use.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.421-428
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• 2014

For the analysis of water supply network, demand-driven and pressure-driven analysis methods have been proposed. Of the two methods, demand-driven analysis (DDA) can only be used in a normal operation condition to evaluate hydraulic status of a pipe network. Under abnormal conditions, i.e., unexpected pipe destruction, or abnormal low pressure conditions, pressure-driven analysis (PDA) method should be used to estimate the suppliable flowrate at each node in a network. In order to carry out the pressure-driven analysis, head-outflow relationship (HOR), which estimates flowrate at a certain pressure at each node, should be first determined. Most previous studies empirically suggested that each node possesses its own characteristic head-outflow relationship, which, therefore, requires verification by using actual field data for proper application in PDA modeling. In this study, a model pipe network was constructed, and various operation scenarios of normal and abnormal conditions, which cannot be realized in real pipe networks, were established. Using the model network, data on pressure and flowrate at each node were obtained at each operation condition. Using the data obtained, previously proposed HOR equations were evaluated. In addition, head-outflow relationship at each node was analyzed especially under multiple pipe destruction events. By analyzing the experimental data obtained from the model network, it was found that flowrate reduction corresponding to a certain pressure drop (by pipe destruction at one or multiple points on the network) followed intrinsic head-outflow relationship of each node. By comparing the experimentally obtained head-outflow relationship with various HOR equations proposed by previous studies, the one proposed by Wagner et al. showed the best agreement with the exponential parameter, m of 3.0.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-58
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• 2022

The deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste disposal is a multi barrier system comprised of engineered barriers and a natural barrier. The long-term integrity of the deep geological repository is affected by the coupled interactions between the individual barrier components. Erosion and piping phenomena in the compacted bentonite buffer due to buffer-rock interactions results in the removal of bentonite particles via groundwater flow and can negatively impact the integrity and performance of the buffer. Rapid groundwater inflow at the early stages of disposal can lead to piping in the bentonite buffer due to the buildup of pore water pressure. The physiochemical processes between the bentonite buffer and groundwater lead to bentonite swelling and gelation, resulting in bentonite erosion from the buffer surface. Hence, the evaluation of erosion and piping occurrence and its effects on the integrity of the bentonite buffer is crucial in determining the long-term integrity of the deep geological repository. Previous studies on bentonite erosion and piping failed to consider the complex coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical behavior of bentonite-groundwater interactions and lacked a comprehensive model that can consider the complex phenomena observed from the experimental tests. In this technical note, previous studies on the mechanisms, lab-scale experiments and numerical modeling of bentonite buffer erosion and piping are introduced, and the future expected challenges in the investigation of bentonite buffer erosion and piping are summarized.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to propose a "user experience (UX)-centered product development process" so that the product design development process using the service design process can be systematized and used in practice. In a situation in which usability research on office phones is lacking compared to general home phones, this study expands to a product-based service design point of view rather than simple product development, intending to research ways to provide user experience value through office phone design in smart office. This study focused on extracting UX-centered user needs using the service design process and developing product design that realizes user experience value. In particular, the service design process was applied to systematically extract user needs and experience value elements in the product development process and to discover ideas that were converged with product-based services. For this purpose, the "Double Diamond Design Process Model," which is widely used in the service design field, was adopted. In addition, a product design development process was established so that usability improvement plans, user experience value elements, and product-service connected ideas could be extracted through a work-flow in which real users and people from various fields participate. Based on the double diamond design process, in the "Discover" information collection stage, design trends were identified mainly in the office phone markets. In the "Define" analysis and extraction stage, user needs were analyzed through user observation, interview, and usability survey, and design requirements and user experience issues were extracted. Persona was set through user type analysis, and user scenarios were presented. In the "Develop" development stage, ideation workshops and concept renderings were conducted to embody the design, and people from various fields within the company participated to set the design direction reflecting design preference and usability improvement plans. In the "Deliver" improvement/prototype development/evaluation stage, a working mock-up of a design prototype was produced and design and usability evaluation were conducted through consultation with external design experts. It is meaningful that it established a "UX-centered product development process" model that converged with the existing product design development process and service design process. Ultimately, service design-based product design development process was presented so that I Corp.'s products could realize user experience value through service convergence.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.864-881
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims is to provide a total care solution preventing disaster based on Big Data and AI technology and to service safety considered by individual situations and various risk characteristics. The purpose is to suggest a method that customized comprehensive index services to prevent and respond to safety accidents for calculating the living safety index that quantitatively represent individual safety levels in relation to daily life safety. Method: In this study, we use method of mixing AHP(Analysis Hierarchy Process) and Likert Scale that extracted from consensus formation model of the expert group. We organize evaluation items that can evaluate life safety prevention services into risk indicators, vulnerability indicators, and prevention indicators. And We made up AHP hierarchical structure according to the AHP decision methodology and proposed a method to calculate relative weights between evaluation criteria through pairwise comparison of each level item. In addition, in consideration of the expansion of life safety prevention services in the future, the Likert scale is used instead of the AHP pair comparison and the weights between individual services are calculated. Result: We obtain result that is weights for life safety prevention services and reflected them in the individual risk index calculated through the artificial intelligence prediction model of life safety prevention services, so the comprehensive index was calculated. Conclusion: In order to apply the implemented model, a test environment consisting of a life safety prevention service app and platform was built, and the efficacy of the function was evaluated based on the user scenario. Through this, the life safety index presented in this study was confirmed to support the golden time for diagnosis, response and prevention of safety risks by comprehensively indication the user's current safety level.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2022

As part of the Fire Evacuation Service scenario using mobile applications, this study aims to find the appropriate colors to be used in the interface of the application and to define and apply colors that can positively and reliably affect human unstable psychology in the course of evacuating the room in case of fire. In the situation of fire, proper design and placement of the colored escape guidance interface is important, taking into account the psychology of the occupants. However, literature and previous research have shown that colors used to induce evacuation are not suitable for effective evacuation in case of fire. In this study, the purpose of the study was to provide a color that would provide psychological stability in the event of a evacuation in consideration of the psychological issues of those who are still in need of shelter, and to use it to help induce an efficient evacuation in the event of a disaster. Using the image evaluation method, the form and color of images have been derived through frequency analysis to a number of unspecified people, and the main and secondary colors of images were analyzed through KSCA color analysis. Finally, the final application color was constructed through mutual verification between the results by comparing and analyzing the colors obtained through the image evaluation analysis results and the KSCA color analysis results. The results of the study showed that the green line can help stabilize the human mind through comparative analysis with prior research. Therefore, the main color for guiding calm and calm applications in case of fire escape is proposed in the green line. In this study, the experiment with image evaluation cannot accurately measure the effect of factors on color among complex factors. A subsequent study of this will help quantify images if it allows the subject matter of color and image to be defined to some extent through factor analysis.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2020

Identifiable victim effect refers to the tendency of greater sympathy and helping behavior to identifiable victims than to abstract, unidentifiable ones. This research tested whether this tendency also affects third-party's punishment and compensation judgments in jury context for public's legal judgments. In addition, through the Identifiable victim effect in such legal judgment, we intended to explain the effect of 'the bill named for victim', putting the victim's real name and identity at the forefront, which is aimed at strengthening the punishment of related crimes by gaining public attention and support. To do so, we conducted experiments with hypothetical traffic accident scenarios that controlled legal components while manipulating victim's identifying information. In experiment 1, each participant read a scenario of an anonymous victim (unidentifiable condition) or a nonanonymous victim that included personal information such as name and age (identifiable condition) and made judgments on the degree of punishment and compensation. The results showed no effect of identifiability on third-party's punishment and compensation judgments, but moderation effect of BJW was obtained in the identifiable condition. That is, those with higher BJW showed greater tendency of punishment and compensation for identifiable victims. In Experiment 2, we compared an anonymous victim (unidentifiable condition) against a well-conducted victim (positive condition) and ill-conducted victim (negative condition) to test the effects of victim's characteristics on punishment for offender and compensation for victims. The results showed lower compensation for an ill-conducted victim than for an anonymous one. In addition, across all conditions except for negative condition, participants made punishment and compensation judgments higher than the average judicial precedents of 10-point presented in the rating scale. This research showed that victim's characteristics other than legal components affects third-party's legal decision making. Furthermore, we interpreted third-party's tendency to impose higher punishment and compensation with effect of 'the bill named for victim' and proposed social and legal discussion for and future research.