• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2008

On account of increasing interest of substantiality in these day, it is needed to make an effort to establish an environmentally sustainable production system for the construction works. Although practical affairs and researches are in progress to reduce and recycle construction wastes, as a result of a research, there are still obstructive factors on waste reduction and recycling which they don't interact efficiently between waste disposal process of the construction area and waste disposal company. As a plan to revitalize reduction and recycling of construction wastes, this research focuses on finding obstructive factors and giving solutions to reduce and recycle construction wastes which comes from construction process and construction industries. To meet the needs of the research, firstly relatively significant construction wastes (concrete, soil, brick, block, asphalt, plastic, lumber) were identified. On site level interviews with management of disposal companies and construction sites were conducted as well, focusing on typical waste disposal process. Throughout this interviews, obstructive factors were conducted. A result of the research, the authors suggest an improved approach on disposal and recycling for construction waste by prioritizing the identified factors and ranking the importance level of each factor. And, by identifying factors obstructing reduction and recycle of construction wastes, this research suggests improved disposal process of construction waste.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.45-63
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this research is on the identification of the effects of perceived interactivity formed by the electronic collaborative referral system on the organizational loyalty. Two channels through which the effects proceeded were investigated. One is the "system channel" which consists of "interactivity of the inter-organizational system ${\rightarrow}$ intention of using the system ${\rightarrow}$ organization loyalty" (hypothesis 1, 2), that is the channel which anticipates that a better understanding on the interactivity of the inter-organizational system makes the intention of the using the system strong, and this strong intention results the higher organization loyalty. The other is "organization channel" which consists of "interactivity of the inter-organizational system ${\rightarrow}$ perceived interactivity on the counterpart ${\rightarrow}$ perceived relation benefits with the counterpart ${\rightarrow}$ organization loyalty" (hypothesis 3, 4, 5). The channel means that as the perceived interactivity of users on the inter-organizational system becomes greater, the perceived interactivity with the counterpart is increasing. And this makes the users feel that more benefits can be obtained by the relationship with system providing organization, and finally makes the organization loyalty that is the intention to maintain the relationship greater. The corroborative evidence data confirm the two channels are obtained by questing on the electronic referral system of Samsung Medical Center to the doctors of the first and second collaborated hospitals or clinics, and by analyzing statistically. The verification result for the "system channel" showed that as the perception on the interactivity of inter-organizational system was increasing, the intention for consistent using increased(support hypothesis 1), and then the organization loyalty that is the relationship maintaining indication by using the referral system also increased(support hypothesis 2). And the confirmation result for the "organization channel" indicated that the perceptive interactivity on the counterpart increased as the understanding on the interactivity of inter-organizational system increased(support hypothesis 3), consecutively, with the intuitive relation benefits increase with the counterpart(support hypothesis 4) the organization loyalty means the intention to maintain the relationship was confirmed to increase(support hypothesis 5). These results demonstrate that when the perceived interactivity in using many systems at the collaboration between organizations is increasing, the positive image on the systems creates the consistent system using intention, and the positive image increases the wants for preserving the relationship with counter organization. In addition, the perceived interactivity of inter-organizational system users affects directly on the perceived interactivity of the counter organization, so the important role of inter-organizational system in promoting the interactivity between cooperative counterparts was recognized. And the perceived interactivity on the counter organization become greater, the influence on the perceived benefits from cooperation is positive. Therefore, the perceived interactivity by using inter-organizational system was confirmed as a prerequisite for the continuous relationship.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2015

This paper presents a web-based Java applet for understanding the concepts in digital logic circuits and student satisfaction survey was carried out in order to show its educational validity. Through our educational Java applet, the learners will be capable of learning the concepts and principles related to digital logic circuit experiments and how to operate virtual experimental equipments and virtual bread board. The proposed educational Java applet is composed of five important components: Principle Classroom to explain the concepts and principles for digital logic circuit operations, Simulation Classroom to provide a web-based simulator to the learners, Virtual Experiment Classroom to provide interactive Java applet about the syllabus of off-line laboratory class, Assessment Classroom, and Management System. With the aid of the Management System every classroom is organically tied together collaborating to achieve maximum learning efficiency. Finally, we have obtained several affirmative effects such as high learning standard, reducing the total experimental hours and the damage rate for experimental equipments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.74
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2005

There were already several studies conducted on the steel-concrete (SC) composite column, which was developedcomplement the weaknesses and maintain the advantages of previous composite columns. The axial compressive capacity of the SC composite column was estimated by the tests in previous studies, but the experiments for the large-scale column could not be performed because of the limitation with the laboratory's capacity. In this study, the analytical study was performed using the general finite element analysis program to reflect the interaction of concrete and steel and the local buckling of steel flange composed of the non-compact section. The appropriateness of the analytical model was verified by the comparison between experimental and analytical results. The nonlinear behavior of full-scale SC composite column was analyzed using the verified analytical model. From these analytical studies, it was concluded that the width-to-thickness ratio of the steel cross-section of the SC composite column should not exceed 25:0. The section area of the link is best when it is over 0.025 dt, and the link distance is to be less than D/2 or 300mm.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2005

According to traditional 2D animation techniques, anticipation makes an animation much convincing and expressive. We present an automatic method for inserting anticipation effects to an existing facial animation. Our approach assumes that an anticipatory facial expression can be found within an existing facial animation if it is long enough. Vertices of the face model are classified into a set of components using principal components analysis directly from a given hey-framed and/or motion -captured facial animation data. The vortices in a single component will have similar directions of motion in the animation. For each component, the animation is examined to find an anticipation effect for the given facial expression. One of those anticipation effects is selected as the best anticipation effect, which preserves the topology of the face model. The best anticipation effect is automatically blended with the original facial animation while preserving the continuity and the entire duration of the animation. We show experimental results for given motion-captured and key-framed facial animations. This paper deals with a part of broad subject an application of the principles of traditional 2D animation techniques to 3D animation. We show how to incorporate anticipation into 3D facial animation. Animators can produce 3D facial animation with anticipation simply by selecting the facial expression in the animation.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.62-72
• /
• 1995

공학분야에 널리 사용되고 있는 신뢰도 분석 방법 중에서 Monte Carlo simulation (MC), Mean-value First-Order Second-Moment Method(MFOSM), and Advanced First-Order Second-Moment(AFOSM) method들을 강물의 오염물질 농도와 수질기준치사이의 신뢰도 분석에 적용하였다. 미 환경 보건국에서 개발 보급한 QUAL2E를 이용하여 Mew Jersey에 위치한 Passaic강의 수질예측에서 4가지 주요인자(용존산소, 생물학적 산소요구량, 암모니아 그리고 조류)들이 정해진 수질기준치를 유지 할 수 있는 확률을 세가지 방법에 의해 추정한 후에 상호 비교하였다. MC방법에 의해 2,000회 simulation시켜서 그 결과가 시스템의 추계학적 성질을 잘 반영한 것으로 판단하여 비교기준으로 삼고 MFOSM과 AFOSM에 의해 추정한 결과와 비교하였다. MFOSM의 결과보다는 AFOSM의 결과가 전체적으로 MC의 결과에 더 근접하였으며, 이유는 AFOSM의 계산방법이 MFOSM의 선형근사로 인한 오차를 줄일 수 있었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. MC방법의 결과와 다른 방법들의 결과사이의 차이가 입력 변수들이 평균값에서 멀어질 때가 많았는데 이는 MC의 경우 입력 변수들이 일정범위를 벗어나서 비현실적인 상황이면 model이 정지하는데, 다른 방법들은 simulation에 의한 것이 아니고 수학적인 계산에 의해서 신뢰도가 추정되기 때문에 이러한 상황이 반영될 수 없기 때문이다. 강물의 수질을 취급하는 공학적인 측면에서 보면, 이중에 가장 간편한 MFOSM이 많은 simulation이 필요한 MC나 계산방법이 상대적으로 복잡한 AFOSM에 비해 오차가 크지 않아서 이들을 대시하여 사용될 수 있다고 판단된다. 유래의 PAF가 분비된다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 인자는 동결처리에서도 그 기능은 전혀 변하지 않는다고 본다. 이후에 있어서 mouse LIF의 첨가는 돼지의 수정란을 배반포 이후의 단계에까지 발달시킬 수 있었다. 있어서 더 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 5. 개발된 모형은 논 관개의 물리적 측면과 관리목표 모두를 고려한 것으로 계산된 효율은 벼, 생육 각 단계에서의 효율 비교에 양호한 방법임을 알 수 있다.은 Sharpsburg 점질양토에 대한 S.C.S 한계허용치 10ton/ha/year 이내로 나타났다. 비처리구에서의 토양유실량은 평균 2.56ton/ha/year로 높게 나타난 반면 3개의 서로 다른 추리구인 비수구, 초생수로구 및 Bromegrass구에서는 각각 0.152, 0.192 및 0.290ton/ha/year로 낮은 결과를 가져왔다. 6. 평균 침전량에 대한 L.S.D. 검정 걸과 전시험구중 비처리구가 고도의 유의차를 나타낸 반면 비수구, 초생수로구 및 Bromegrass 목초구 간에는 아무런 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 7. 농지보전 처리구인 배수구와 초생수로구는 비처리구에 비해 낮은 침두 유출량과 낮은 토양유실량을 나타내었다.구보다 14% 절감되는 것으로 나타났다.작용하는 것으로 사료된다.된다.정량 분석한 결과이다. 시편의 조성은 33.6 at% U, 66.4 at% O의 결과를 얻었다. 산화물 핵연료의 표면 관찰 및 정량 분석 시험시 시편 표면을 전도성 물질로 증착시키지 않고, Silver Paint 에 시편을 접착하는 방법으로도 만족한 시험 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.째, 회복기 중에 일어나는 입자들의 유입은 자기폭풍의 지속시간을 연장시키는 경향을 보이며 큰 자기폭풍일수록 현저했다. 주상에서 관측된 이러한 특성은 서브스톰 확장기 활동이 자기폭풍의 발달과 밀접한 관계가

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2016

In a performance-based design, the structural safety is estimated from pre-defined damage states and corresponding damage indices. Both damage states and damage indices are well defined for above-ground structures, but very limited studies have been performed on underground structures. In this study, we define the damage states and damage indices of a cut-and-cover box tunnel which is one of typical structures used in metro systems, under a seismic excitation from a series of inelastic frame analyses. Three damage states are defined in terms of the number of plastic hinges that develop within the structure. The damage index is defined as the ratio of the elastic moment to the yield moment. Through use of the proposed index, the inelastic behavior and failure mechanism of box tunnels can be simulated and predicted through elastic analysis. In addition, the damage indices are linked to free-field shear strains. Because the free-field shear strain can be easily calculated from a 1D site response analysis, the proposed method can be readily used in practice. Further studies are needed to determine the range of shear strains and associated uncertainties for various types of tunnels and site profiles. However, the inter-linked platform of damage state - damage index - shear wave velocity - shear strain provides a novel approach for estimating the inelastic response of tunnels, and can be widely used in practice for seismic designs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2007

The chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (abbreviated CFIDS or CFS) is a disorder characterized by debilitating fatigue(over 6 months.), along with cognitive, musculoskeletal, and sleep abnormalities. The etiology of this illness is unlikely to be a single agent. Findings to date suggest that physiological and psychological factors work together to predispose and perpetuate the illness. Diagnosis is made difficult by the nonspecific clinical findings and no available diagnostic testing. With no known cause or cure for the chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome, treatment is based on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life of affected patients. There is emerging evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome may be familial. In the future, studies will examine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome. Most patients with CFS have psychiatric problems such as a generalized anxiety disorder, or major or minor depression, therefore, these mental health disorders may be correlated with the pathophysiology of the CFS. The treatment for CFS must be individualized, due to the heterogeneity of the CFS population. Also the treatment of CFS is built on a foundation of patient-physician relationship, respect and advocacy.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.120-134
• /
• 2000

In this paper we present a Distributed Object oriented Virtual computing Environment, called DOVE which consists of autonomous distributed objects interacting with one another via method invocations based on a distributed object model. DOVE appears to a user logically as a single virtual computer for a set of heterogeneous hosts connected by a network as if objects in remote site reside in one virtual computer. By supporting efficient parallelism, heterogeneity, group communication, single global name service and fault-tolerance, it provides a transparent and easy-to-use programming environment for parallel applications. Efficient parallelism is supported by diverse remote method invocation, multiple method invocation for object group, multi-threaded architecture and synchronization schemes. Heterogeneity is achieved by automatic data arshalling and unmarshalling, and an easy-to-use and transparent programming environment is provided by stub and skeleton objects generated by DOVE IDL compiler, object life control and naming service of object manager. Autonomy of distributed objects, multi-layered architecture and decentralized approaches in hierarchical naming service and object management make DOVE more extensible and scalable. Also,fault tolerance is provided by fault detection in object using a timeout mechanism, and fault notification using asynchronous exception handling methods

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2018

Oil/water (O/W) nanoemulsions are effective vehicles to change the permeability of the skin. In this study, we focused on the preparation and characterization of nanoemulsion which serve as colloidal carriers for the dermal application of ceramide IIIB (CIIIB) and stratum corneum (SC) lipids such as cholesterol, and palmitic acid. In order to optimize the nanoemulsions, emulsification process conditions were conducted with regard to droplet size, nanoemulsion stability, and solubility of CIIIB. A decrease in droplet size was observed through emulsification temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ and phase inversion composition (PIC) method. CIIIB has low solubility in oil and water. When the concentration of CIIIB was increased, the droplet size of nanoemulsion was increased. When Lipoid S75-3 was added to the oil phase, the solubility of CIIIB increased, indicating some interactions shown in DSC measurements. CIIIB and SC lipids could be successfully incorporated in nanoemulsions without crystallization or physical instability. In conclusion, a stable nanoemulsion containing the SC lipids could be effective as an efficient moisturizing system for skin.