• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties identifying and describing feelings, impoverished fantasy life, and concrete and poorly introspective thinking. Alexithymic patients have been reported to show a stable deficit with regard to processing and regulating emotions. Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning. Like alexithymic patients, patients with eating disorders show the impaired capacity to process and regulate emotions. There is a robust body of literature showing patients with eating disorders are more alexithymic than healthy controls. Specifically, patients with eating disorders experience difficulties identifying and describing emotions. Childhood maltreatment can increase the risk for depression and alexithymia, which can in turn lead to disordered eating symptoms. Also, higher levels of alexithymia are correlated with a less favorable clinical outcome in patients with eating disorder. Therefore, treatments to help processing and regulating emotions of eating disorder patients with pronounced alexithymic traits may seem to lead to a higher possibility of recovery.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.662-667
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• 2021

Vibrotactile feedback is a major function of the latest touch displays, which greatly improves the user's operability and immersion when interacting with the interface on the screen. In this study, we propose a vibrotactile actuator suitable for mounting on the back side of a mid- to large-sized display because it can generate a strong vibration output by applying an electrostatic force-based mechanism and can be manufactured in a thin flat panel type. The proposed actuator was developed in a structure capable of amplifying the vibration force by alternating up and down with electrostatic force by the upper and lower electrodes that are spaced apart from the electrically grounded mass suspended from a radial leaf spring. As a result of the performance evaluation, the developed bar-type module with two built-in actuators showed excellent vibration output of up to 3.3 g at 170 Hz, confirming the possibility of providing haptic feedback in medium and large touch displays.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.126-132
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• 2022

At present, due to the rapid spread of smartphones and activation of IoT, malicious codes are disseminated using SNS, or intelligent intrusions such as intelligent APT and ransomware are in progress. The damage caused by the intelligent intrusion is also becoming more consequential, threatening, and emergent than the previous intrusion. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an intelligent intrusion situation-aware reasoning system to detect transgression behavior made by such intelligent malicious code. The proposed system was used to detect and respond to various intelligent intrusions at an early stage. The anticipated system is composed of an event monitor, event manager, situation manager, response manager, and database, and through close interaction between each component, it identifies the previously recognized intrusive behavior and learns about the new invasive activities. It was detected through the function to improve the performance of the inference device. In addition, it was found that the proposed system detects and responds to intelligent intrusions through the state of detecting ransomware, which is an intelligent intrusion type.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.275-284
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• 2021

This study analyzes the characteristics regarding the image of women in feminist magazine covers. Along with fundamental analysis of the female image that appeared on the covers of feminist magazines and the grammar of visual design by Kress and van Leeuwen, a methodology of socio semiotic research, this study explores the structure and driving principles of symbols that have organized female images. The subject of analysis is set to 200 covers of magazines published from the 1960s to the 2010s. Through analysis, first, female images represented in the covers of feminist magazines showed women of various races, age groups, appearances, and occupations, and the degree od emphasis on the physique was fewer and natural-looking. Second, the study confirms that feminist magazines actively utilize representational and interactive metafunctions to deliver symbolic information such as messages of confidence, strength, and courage. Third, the organized symbols affected the recipient's understanding and interpretation of images. I hope this study helps to contemplate ways to express female images and the dynamic and diverse aspects of women.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.143-156
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• 2024

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a potent methodology for decentralized model training across multiple collaborators, eliminating the need for data sharing. Although FL is lauded for its capacity to preserve data privacy, it is not impervious to various types of privacy attacks. Differential Privacy (DP), recognized as the golden standard in privacy-preservation techniques, is widely employed to counteract these vulnerabilities. This paper makes a specific contribution by applying an existing, task-specific adaptive DP mechanism to the FL environment. Our comprehensive analysis evaluates the impact of this mechanism on the performance of a shared global model, with particular attention to varying data distribution and partitioning schemes. This study deepens the understanding of the complex interplay between privacy and utility in FL, providing a validated methodology for securing data without compromising performance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.304-313
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• 2010

Out of the tenth graders of K girl's high school in J city, 24 students whose %fat was over 30% were divided into 3 groups through Purposing Sampling. Groups A and B were exercise groups and C was the control group. Using Borg's RPE (rating of perceived exertion), RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) $\times$ 3 sets were set up for group A, RPE 11-13 (fairly light-somewhat hard) $\times$ 3 sets were set up for group B, and both groups performed step aerobics (step box: 68cm in length, 28cm in width, 15cm in hight, 450g in weight) for 50-60 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 8 weeks in total. This research was conducted to find out the effects of various RPE in step aerobics on the immunologic function (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels) of overweight female high school students. By using SPSS Ver. 14.0, a repeated two-way ANOVA was conducted to find out the effects of interaction between the groups and time period, paired t-test to evaluate data within each group, and pre- and post experiment difference rates (%diff) to perform one-way ANOVA for group comparisons. The following results were found. As for WBC, within group A, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil levels increased, while lymphocyte levels remained the same. Within group B, eosinophil levels decreased while neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil levels showed no differences. Within the control group, neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil levels decreased while lymphocyte and monocyte levels showed no differences. As for the group comparisons, neutrophil levels increased more in group A than group B and the control group. There were no differences in lymphocyte levels among the three groups. Monocyte levels increased more in group A and B than the control group. Basophil and Eosinophil increased more in group A than group B and the control group. As for immunoglobin, within group A, the IgG level increased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. Within group B, the IgA level increased but the level of IgG decreased, and the level of IgM did not change. Within the control group, the IgG level decreased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. As for the group comparisons, the level of IgA increased more in group A than the control group, and the level of IgG increased more in group A than group B and the control group, but levels of IgM among the three groups did not show any difference. In summary, WBC and Ig levels showed that the three groups remained at the reference interval even after the exercise program. However, group A, which performed RPE 15-17 in step aerobics, showed increase in more measured items than the other groups, and this implies that the immunologic function has improved in the range of the reference intervals. Therefore, it will be effective to conduct step aerobics with the RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) in order to increase the immunologic function.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.203-216
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• 2016

Probiotic microorganisms are thought to provide health benefits when consumed. In 2001, the World Health Organization defined probiotics as "live microorganisms which confer a health benefit on the host, when administered in adequate amounts." Three methods for screening potential probiotics have currently widely available. (1) In vitro assays of potential probiotics are preferred because of their simplicity and low cost. (2) The use of in vivo approaches for exploring various potential probiotics reflects the enormous diversity in biological models with various complex mechanisms. (3) Potential probiotics have been analyzed using several genetic and omics technologies to identify gene expression or protein production patterns under various conditions. However, there is no ideal procedure for selecting potential probiotics than testing cadidate strains on the target population. Hence, in this review, we provide an overview of the different methodologies used to identify new probiotic strains. Furthermore, we describe futre perspectives for the use of in vitro, in vivo and omics in probiotic research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

Modern society is becoming more informed and intelligent with the development of digital technology, in which humans, objects, and networks relate with each other. In accordance with the changing times, a garden system has emerged that makes it easy to supply the ideal temperature, humidity, sunlight, and moisture conditions to grow plants. Therefore, this study attempted to grasp the concept, perception, and trends of smart gardens, a recent concept. To achieve the purpose of this study, previous studies and text mining were used, and the results are as follows. First, the core characteristics of smart gardens are new gardens in which IoT technology and gardening techniques are fused in indoor and outdoor spaces due to technological developments and changes in people's lifestyles. As technology advances and the importance of the environment increases, smart gardens are becoming a reality due to the need for living spaces where humans and nature can co-exist. With the advent of smart gardens, it will be possible to contribute to gardens' vitalization to deal with changes in garden-related industries and people's lifestyles. Second, in current research related to smart gardens and users' experiences, the technical aspects of smart gardens are the most interesting. People value smart garden functions and technical aspects that enable a safe, comfortable, and convenient life, and subjective uses are emerging depending on individual tastes and the comfort with digital devices. Third, looking at the usage behavior of smart gardens, they are mainly used in indoor spaces, with edible plants are being grown. Due to the growing importance of the environment and concerns about climate change and a possible food crisis, the tendency is to prefer the cultivation of plants related to food, but the expansion of garden functions can satisfying users' needs with various technologies that allow for the growing of flowers. In addition, as users feel the shapes of smart gardens are new and sophisticated, it can be seen that design is an essential factor that helps to satisfy users. Currently, smart gardens are developing in terms of technology. However, the main components of the smart garden are the combination of humans, nature, and technology rather than focusing on growing plants conveniently by simply connecting potted plants and smart devices. It strengthens connectivity with various city services and smart homes. Smart gardens interact with the landscape of the architect's ideas rather than reproducing nature through science and technology. Therefore, it is necessary to have a design that considers the functions of the garden and the needs of users. In addition, by providing citizens indoor and urban parks and public facilities, it is possible to share the functions of communication and gardening among generations targeting those who do not enjoy 'smart' services due to age and bridge the digital device and information gap. Smart gardens have potential as a new landscaping space.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-137
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the related variables of self-esteem and depression among the Korean elderly people living alone and examine the relationships or interactions between those variables. Participants were 676 elderly men and women who were at least 65 years of age(M=76.17, sd=7.60) and lived in Seoul, Korea. Three hundred seventy eight participants of this study were living alone. Participants completed questionnaires and psychological tests including: Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale, The Index of Activities of Daily Living(IADL), Social Support Index(SSI), and Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale(LSES). Main statistical designs were 2(gender)×2(residential types), Pearson-product moment and regression analysis. Results indicated that the elderly living alone recognized their health poorer, have lower economic status, and received less social supports than the elderly lived with others. The elderly men who had children were more likely to lived alone. And the elderly men living alone received less social supports than the elderly women living alone, and significant gender difference was found in the reason of living alone. The elderly men living alone had lower self-esteem than the elderly women living alone, while the elderly living alone showed more depressive symptoms than the elderly living with others. There were 2-way interactions both in self-esteem and depression by gender and residential types. There was highly significant gender difference in self-esteem only for the elderly living alone, and it was found that there was no significant difference in depression between elderly men living alone and women living with others. Regression analysis revealed that physical function and self-reported health are predictors of self-esteem, and physical function, self-reported health, and social support are predictors of depression for the Korean elderly living alone. These findings reiterate the role of physical function, social support, health in self-esteem and depession among the elderly and suggest the gender role for quality of life among the Korean elderly living alone.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 1996

Alcoholics increased susceptibility to microbial infection that is associated with decreased immunity. but there has been little experimental evidence to support alcoholics-induced increase of microbial infection directly in non-specific immunity. Therefore, we were used the method of phagocytic-plaque including all the stimulating factors for the phagocytosis, subtypes of lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The experimental groups were divided into 3 groups: (1) alcoholics who were hospitalized less than 1 week (newly hospitalized alcoholics), (2) alcoholics who were hospitalized more than 2 weeks (old hospitalized alcoholics), (3) healthy blood donors. We have studied 98 alcoholics and 35 healthy blood donors and control groups. A physician has checked the biological markers and diagnosed the body-condition alcoholics. The immunity and non-specific immunity on the alcoholics were analyzed by using the simultest kit and flow cytometry. Proliferation of the lymphocytes was analyzed by the phytohemmagglutinine mitogen. Phagocytosis and migration properties of leukocytes were identified on the layer formed by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain. Biological markers of alcoholics and control groups, by such as blood glucose, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase and mean corpuscular volumes of red blood cells, were determined by biochemical and hematological methods. Compared with control groups, cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD8+ and CD19+ in alcoholic were more decreased except CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Proliferation of the T-lymphocytes, phagocytosis and migration properties of the leukocytes in alcoholics were decreased compared with those of control groups. According to the results observed in our experiment, they can be summerized as follows: 1, Cellular, humoral and non-specific immunities, are markedly decreased in alcoholics than those in control groups. 2. It is inferred that Phagocytic plaque formation is a very useful method to evaluate phagocytosis and migration properties of the alcoholic leukocytes 3. It is thought that the subtypes of lymphocytes, especially CD4+/CD8+ ratio, are essential methods to analyzed the alcoholic immunity. 4. Specific and non-specific immunity on the old hospitalized alcoholics was slightly increased, which depends upon the alcoholic medication.